What are the desensitizers for external use
1. What are the desensitizers for external use?
1. 1, ointment, typical drugs: dexamethasone ointment, sulfur ointment, fish fat ointment, etc. Ingredients: Ointment is usually based on vaseline or animal fat, mixed with different drugs, and made into fine and uniform semi-solid dosage forms with different concentrations. Features: Ointment has strong sealing effect, good permeability, easy to exert the properties of the drugs contained, and can soften the skin, protect the wound, moisturize and lubricate the skin and keep the skin warm.
1.2. Cream is also called emulsion. Typical drugs: Dakening cream, Pikang cream and Fushu cream. Ingredients: Semi-solid dosage form formed by emulsification of oil and water. Features: good permeability to skin, wide application range, good air permeability and cool feeling when used; Low oil content, relatively clean, easy to wash off, not dirty clothes; It does not need to be wrapped after application, and can be used in various parts of the body.
2, according to the cause of desensitization drugs for external use.
2. 1. Acute phase: If the inflammation is characterized by redness, swelling, papules, rashes and blisters without overflowing, powder or lotion should be used, because this kind of dosage form has the functions of soothing, cooling, relieving itching and evaporation, which can improve the blood circulation of the skin, eliminate the swelling and inflammation of the affected area, and make patients feel more comfortable. You can't use cream or ointment in acute stage, because it will hinder the evaporation of water, increase the local temperature and aggravate the rash.
2.2. Sub-acute stage: inflammation is characterized by small pieces of erosion, accompanied by a small amount of exudation, or scattered in papules or scales and scabs. Paste is generally used. If there is no erosive exudation, lotion, cream, etc. Can be used. When there is scab, apply ointment first, then wipe it off after softening, and then use external medicine to make the medicine easy to absorb.
2.3. Chronic stage: dry, thickened, rough, lichenoid or hyperkeratosis. At this stage, ointment, cream and plaster should be selected.
3, according to the site of the disease, choose external desensitization drugs.
Generally, there are two methods: wiping and pasting. Different individuals and skin parts often have different adaptability to various external drugs. The principle of medication should be based on the drug concentration from low to high. High, small area? It depends on the degree of disease damage. If there are no three side effects, and then gradually popularize systemic medication, the exudation rate of different parts of the skin is also different. The amount of drug absorbed increases with the increase of drug concentration in excipients. For example, the penetration of steroids is enhanced by the increase of drug concentration. Children, women, adults, face, near the mouth, the inner thigh and other parts, the skin is tender, it is not appropriate to use irritating drugs, the concentration should be lower. If there is allergy or irritation, you should stop taking medicine immediately or switch to medication. After a long-term use of an external drug, the effect is often weakened, so drugs with similar properties should be frequently rotated to improve the curative effect.
Matters needing attention of desensitizing drugs for external use
1, avoid eating spicy or fishy food during medication, avoid scratching skin or washing with hot water, and stop using soap.
2. Don't drink alcohol at the same time while taking the medicine, and don't take sedatives, hypnotics and antidepressants.
3, pay attention to the application of special people: for allergic symptoms in the early morning, you can choose long-acting antagonists to take before going to bed, which can not only relieve symptoms, but also avoid other adverse reactions.
4. Pay attention to the administration time: If astemizole is taken with food at the same time, the bioavailability of this product can be reduced. To ensure absorption, it should be taken before meals 1 ~ 2 hours.
How to use external desensitizer
When choosing anti-allergic drugs, we should first use symptomatic drugs, such as cold urticaria, cyproheptadine is the first choice, and hydroxyquine is the first choice for fever urticaria; For acute allergic reactions, choose anti-allergic drugs with quick effect; For chronic allergic reactions, choose anti-allergic drugs with high safety. Attention should be paid to the use of antiallergic drugs without sedation during the day and antiallergic drugs with sedation before going to bed at night. When it is necessary to combine drugs due to illness, it is not appropriate to stop using all drugs immediately after symptom control, but to stop taking drugs one by one gradually.
The same antiallergic drug should not be taken continuously for more than one month, otherwise it will lead to the decline of curative effect and drug resistance due to long-term use.
After taking antiallergic drugs, it is not advisable to increase the dose without improving or aggravating the symptoms. Because anti-allergic drugs themselves may have certain allergenicity, such as diphenhydramine can cause drug eruption, and prednisone can cause eczema and dermatitis. When taking an antiallergic drug is ineffective, other antiallergic drugs with different action mechanisms should be replaced.
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