Zen's theory of being, living, being bad and being empty is well explained here. This is a balanced relationship of mixing and blending.
The author Haskell chose to find a rock suitable for squatting observation on the steep slope of a forest in southeastern Tennessee, and drew a circle with a diameter of one meter in this area. He called this one-meter square inner circle his altar city.
After a whole year, he made a detailed observation and description. He was just a faithful recorder and didn't interfere with anything that happened in Tancheng. For the world outside the altar, it is an invisible forest.
In this way, the author pursues the realm of true identity with nature. In his works, he strives to realize the unity of man and nature with scientific rationality and literary sensibility.
American naturalist David haskell. The original work was the final finalist of the Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction in 20 13, and won the National Outdoor Book Award in the United States.
In the experiment and observation in severe winter, the author took off his warm clothes and artificial protection, experienced the cold climate like animals in the forest, and felt the real nature with tits.
In the author's pen, this is an ecological and poetic world, and the author's wonderful words bring us into the natural and historical world. Through his observing eyes, we saw a world rich in animals.
I also learned that tits have four color connectors, one more than Renpan. Although birds have fluffy fur to keep out the cold and have a particularly sensitive vision to find food in the cold winter, they can't always overcome the cold, and they are likely to freeze to death in large numbers to accept the test of biological evolution.
The law of nature is survival of the fittest. These lovely little creatures that we saw in spring are all winners who have withstood the cold winter. Nature has its own laws and order to maintain the basic ecological state and balance.
For nature, we should be obedient to nature and have more awe.
In Winter Plants, the author writes that birds are full of vitality, which is in sharp contrast with the desolation of plants. However, in essence, the desolate scene in the altar city is only a representation. Hundreds of thousands of plant cells hide their strength, wrap themselves tightly, accumulate strength and energy, and wait for the next spring flowering machine.
Life is the same, there are highs and lows. When the winter of life comes, we might as well hide our strength and preserve our strength, so that we can bloom gorgeous flowers in the coming spring season.
In Moss, the author points out that moss is a plant, and lichen is a living body of bacteria and algae. It can prevent water and solidify soil, obtain moisture and nutrition from the air and adsorb pollutants. Moss shows its way of storing water, and its structure is exquisite, which is far from the original plants people think.
The author not only described a large section with pen and ink, but also popularized the knowledge of moss with poetic language, and brought us into the internal structure of moss with a strong sense of picture.
Even if we never care about moss, its exquisite structure is by no means inferior to any modern machine, and we have to sigh the magic and greatness of nature again.
The author uses a series of verbs to describe the appearance of salamanders: exploring, rushing, drilling, exposing, climbing, planting, trembling, burying and moving, which vividly reproduces the appearance of salamanders, and we have a feeling of being there.
This description of salamander mating is more accurate, vivid and interesting: this salamander is very small, probably a little salamander hatched last summer. Last spring, his parents mated with exquisite footwork and gentle rubbing on his cheek. The epidermis of salamander is composed of aromatic glands, so the friction between cheeks can communicate with each other through chemical signals. When the salamander couple got to know each other, the female salamander looked up and the male salamander slid to her chest. The male salamander walked forward, and the female salamander echoed, straddled the tail of the male salamander and began to dance the conga for two. After several steps, the male salamander excretes a small cone-shaped jelly with a small piece of semen at the top. It moved forward again, wagging its tail, and the female salamander also cooperated with its movements. Finally, the female salamander stopped and picked up the semen with her muscular anus. Dance knot, salamander couple parted ways and ignored each other from now on.
I have to sigh the author's ability to control words!
In the process of evolution, the lung-free salamander gave up the lung, traded the lung with the hand of skin breathing and evolution, exchanged the lung for a better mouth and exchanged the tail for a longer life.
This is true in the evolution of animals, but why not in life? In the endless choices, if you want to gain something, you must lose something. It depends on whether you can weigh your priorities and understand the opportunities now and in the future.
Reading "Invisible Forest" is like reading a beautiful essay, a documentary about science and education with rich contents. The author's careful description is full of vivid metaphors, which gives us frames of vivid pictures of life and makes us immerse ourselves in it and enjoy it tirelessly.
As the saying goes, you can make up what you eat. What looks like often implies some connection. Nature is so magical, there must be a plan.
In the article Snail, the author wrote different opinions. The world seen under the microscope is very different from the world seen up. Micro and macro bring people such different visual feelings.
And what snails see is quite different from what human eyes see. What is vision for a snail?
There are many levels of happiness and beauty hidden behind the daily visual boundaries of human beings. The author reveals everything about nature from his perspective.
Whatever you say depends on how you see the world.
"Short-lived Plants in Spring" gives the impression that the brilliant sum of each creature's life should be similar, right? It has nothing to do with life cycle. Although the tortoise has a long life, every day is slow and dull. However, these short-lived plants in spring have to release the brilliance of other creatures in one season, so they are a bright and burning life, enough to ignite the rest of the forest, such as fireworks. Although short-lived, it is extremely gorgeous.
Short-lived plants born in spring can release the brilliance of life in a short time. In order to maintain their own prosperity and continuity, the reproduction of these plants has its own characteristics. In nature, the growth and reproduction of every living thing is through the survival of the fittest.
Flowers also have their own magic. The flowers of short-lived spring plants in Tancheng are bisexual, which leaves a back way for self-pollination and increases the chances of reproduction. Other species, such as many wind-borne trees-oak, walnut, elm-use completely different strategies: produce a large number of unisexual flowers, and each flower has a special division of labor, either sowing pollen or catching pollen from the wind.
Short-lived plants generally open their doors and attract insects with nectar. Longevity flowers will hide nectar in the depths, or choose a single pollinator.
In the cold winter in Sha Xiao, under the withered surface of hickory trees, a new set of orderly operation mechanism quietly operates to reserve strength for the new green in spring.
"Transpiration will make trees lose a lot of water, but at the same time help trees guide water from the roots to the crown.
Carya cathayensis: a brand-new dredging system is produced every year, and the system blocked by embolism last year was abandoned. The xylem pipe is thick and long, and the water flow will be abundant, but it is easy to block.
Maple Leaf: The pipe is very small, and each plug will only block a part of the trunk. You can also use the old xylem pipe. "
Nature's spring, summer, autumn and winter are like the ups and downs of life. When the economy is in recession, it is best to retreat and wait for the opportunity, give up blocked pipelines and build new pipelines with available pipelines until spring comes.
For the first time, I learned that shrew is also related to human beings, and the ancestors of human beings are also piercing and evil. There are many strange and inextricable connections in this world.
The author patiently let moths explore in his hands. This moth has six tongues. Moreover, the moth's proposal has gifts, which are actually necessary for the growth of future generations. Due to the lack of sodium in leaves, the growth of caterpillars that feed on leaves needs salt from their parents.
With the author's observation and narration, I feel that nature is exquisite more and more. It seems to do nothing, but it arranges everything in the world in an orderly and interlocking way. Nature's eyes seem to have been careless, but it seems that everything is under its control, from everything in the universe to cell fungi. I believe that the structure and operation of various creatures are incomparable with a delicate machine.
The forest in April is a grand event, a grand event of sound, different songs of all kinds of birds, accompanied by their dances, even the skylight is not inferior. In the author's pen, the forest is a flowing energy network and a beautiful feast.
When I was a child, I liked to play with dandelions. The song "I am a dandelion seed" is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Plants always have a way to get where they want to go, such as dandelions. Lightweight seeds can fly far in the medium of wind. The oily heads of short-lived plant seeds born in spring can make ants willing to act as porters, and more plant seeds can serve as food for herbivores, and take root and settle down with the footprints of animals.
The author points out that the instruction given by evolution is not only "proliferation", but also "proliferation in distant places". Every mother who refuses to send her children out hiking will be defeated in the long-term evolution.
The same is true of human beings. When we narrowly want to keep our children around, it will also limit their development. We should not only consider the happiness of our own family, but also support our children to reproduce in the distance.
Today, Starcat is a mother, but she doesn't care about her kitten. What's wrong with cats now? I suspect that our Starcat is a fake cat. I'm afraid of catching mice, and I don't care if the cat is born or not. God, I haven't finished my study task today. It's all that poor guy. What should I do after I can?
Are animals degenerating now? I don't know how to perform my duties. Are the skills of catching mice and raising kittens innate?
As for earthquakes, the interior of the earth has been changing. It can never be as calm as it seems. Sometimes you can see the whole world from a small part, such as Tancheng. Is it not a concentrated forest and a concentrated world?
Similarly, people can also use small objects to detect the vibration of the earth.
Judging from the tree's response to the wind, it embodies the Taoist attitude of nature, nature is the Tao, and Taoism embraces strong winds, which is the philosophy that the tree has always believed in.
The so-called "four-two-tone" work absorbs and adapts, virtually destroying each other's strength. On the contrary, flexible people are more likely to survive.
This is the wisdom of nature.
When you think of yoga, almost all kinds of yoga postures come from natural things and animals. For example: trees, dogs, dogs and so on.
However, creatures are endless. If one disappears, it will exist in another form.
At least half of a tree's contribution to the structure of life is made after its death, because fungi, salamanders and many invertebrates live on decaying trunks.
Hundreds of millions of years have passed, and all egg creatures that can stay in nature should have their own reasons. Half of insects feed on plants, accounting for 65,438+0/2 to 3/4 of all biological species on the earth. It stands to reason that plants are easily destroyed by these insects, but why is the forest still lush?
Plants naturally have their own way of life. They are either poisonous or their smell will inhibit the growth of insects.
The mosquito lady described by the author is vivid, vivid and vivid, which makes people laugh. It is popular that blood-sucking mosquitoes are all females.
And its blood-sucking, but also to reproduce, ethnic legend, when a creature is naturally selected, existence is reasonable, is the product of the survival of the fittest.
What the body takes as food will have its own adaptive structure and lifestyle.
The first thing mosquitoes do after sucking blood is to rest on the trunk and expel some of the water they just inhaled through urine. Human blood is much more salty than mosquito body fluids, so mosquitoes have to pump salt into urine to avoid human blood disturbing their physiological balance. Blood cells are digested, and protein becomes the yolk in the egg.
Its straw inadvertently communicates the connection between people, birds and bacteria, and everything in this world is connected in various forms all the time.
Birds eat snails and synthesize calcareous eggshells from calcium in snail shells. The chicken is in the egg. It gets calcium from eggshells and converts it into bones. When laying eggs again, calcium is used to make eggshells. If it eats mosquitoes passing by, my blood may combine with snail shells. Or, in the future, a thousand years later, we will meet unexpectedly in the claws of a crab and the intestines of a worm at the bottom of the sea.
Nature is so endless and endless.
Ferns and snails are cultivated in such a special way, but they conform to natural selection and even coincide with the positive mixed investment theory.
Christmas fern: ferns produce spores, and each spore carries genetic factors formed by recombination of half of parents' genes. Spore falls to the ground and develops directly without combining with another spore. After the spores grow "water lily leaves", sperm and egg cells evolve on the water lily leaves, and the two cells fuse together to form embryos and develop into new ferns. Therefore, its life cycle is divided into four steps: spores, water lily leaves, egg cells or sperm cells, and growing ferns.
Rattlesnake fern: spore, tuber, sperm cell and egg cell, another rattlesnake fern.
Snails are hermaphrodite. During mating, the two sides exchange sperm. Every snail has to hand over sperm and accept sperm at the same time. For most living things, making sperm is cheap, but egg cells are precious. In parthenogenetic animals, this cost difference determines that the choice is usually in the female side, while the male usually promiscuous. For hermaphroditic animals, picky and promiscuous coexist: each individual is cautious when accepting sperm, and at the same time tries to get the other person pregnant.
Hermaphroditic animals are also sensitive to a wider social background. Living in an area where there are few potential spouses, they show the female side and the male side; In more crowded situations, they will behave more like males.
Evolutionary theorists regard this puzzling situation as an economic problem and describe it as a process in which organisms decide how to allocate reproductive energy. Each individual can only use a certain amount of energy, time and experience to reproduce offspring. Resources can be invested in one gender or two independent genders. The best strategy depends on the specific ecological characteristics of each species.
Reproduction is a necessary condition for racial reproduction. From a small altar city, the author got a glimpse of the reproduction mode of the whole nature. Strange breeding methods are magical and mysterious:
Fungi have no single gender, at least not the gender we realize. They also do not make sperm or egg cells, but rely on the fusion of hyphae for reproduction.
When mushroom spores germinate, they produce young hyphae with different "mating types". They use chemical signals to perceive their differences and only breed with mating types different from themselves. Some kinds of fungi have only two mating types, while others have thousands of mating types. After the genetic material is combined, it divides twice to produce spores.
From Tancheng Golf, the author talks about the influence of human industrialized garbage on nature and the natural absorptive capacity. I sincerely hope that the fungi in nature can self-evolve into a fungus that decomposes nature.
For me when I was a child, fireflies were a beautiful symbol. It is starry in the night sky, which often causes many beautiful reverie, perhaps a fairy in different space or an elf in the jungle, which can inspire my inner imagination and yearning for a beautiful story every time.
Because different fireflies have different flashing rhythms and durations. In reality, under the cover of beautiful appearance, female fireflies kill male fireflies of another genus by camouflage fluorescence induction. In order to survive, nature is cruel.
Fireflies are also amazing. More than 95% of all energy used for lighting is released in the form of light energy, while artificial light bulbs are the opposite, and most of the energy is wasted in the form of heat energy.
When I was a child, I liked keeping slugs. I used an abandoned bucket full of dirt, caught several slugs in it and covered them with fine barbed wire. I secretly watch them every day, but they also live very vividly.
I have kept it for so long, but I have never observed and thought like the author, and I don't even know what it sounds like. The author wrote:
Guo Guo sounds by beating and plucking the pulse, and the tympanic membrane on his body is different from that of beating the pulse, thus producing a discordant and harsh voice. The tone produced by crickets' eardrums is in harmony with the tone of frustrated pulse, so they can produce pleasant tones that are not disturbed by noise.
It seems that not only observation is needed, but also thinking and learning after observation are equally important.
The existence of harmony and unity in nature is inseparable. Why do some creatures seem weak, but they have survived for tens of thousands of years? And some creatures seem powerful, but they disappear in the Yangtze River of history? The author also explains it well in this chapter.
When reading this chapter of Saw, Logger Vick in The Bear came to my mind. Man thinks he is very powerful, destroying old forests in his own way, building new forests, weeding with chemical herbicides and planting fast-growing forest trees. It seems that they gave birth to a forest, but what is the essence? The diversity of forests has long since disappeared!
Adapting to nature is nature. What is the real harmony between man and nature?
Perhaps this is what the author wants to express by Tancheng.