1, grape seedling cultivation
Build a garden in sandy loam with good drainage and irrigation conditions. The planting ditch is 5-0-60 cm long and 40-60 cm deep, and the soil is backfilled in layers, so it is organic fertilizer.
2, grape seedling shaping and pruning
(1) Prune in the year of planting. When the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves and spread out, only/kloc-0 strong seedlings are kept for liana culture, all other sprouted new buds are wiped off, and tender branches and vines are removed. When the length of the main vine is 1.2m, the 20-m primary branch at the bottom of a vine is erased, and the 20-cm primary branch is retained. When the length of the main vine is 1.4- 1.5m, remove the top of the main vine, and when the length of the main vine is 1.6- 1.7, remove the top of the main vine, and then send out three secondary branches, leaving 1 leaves at the top. Wool shearing goes on as usual in winter.
(2) Prune in the second year of planting, leaving no branches within 50cm from the ground, leaving more new branches above 50cm, fixing the branches when the length of the new branches is 15cm, and retracting the branches with long branches and weak top development to branches in winter. It is advisable to leave about 6 new shoots per tree (bud spacing is about 15cm). When the inflorescence size can be clearly distinguished on the new branches, spare inflorescences, with 4-5 inflorescences per plant. If there are many inflorescences, it is best to leave 1 ear per fruiting branch. If there are few inflorescences, you can leave two ears for the strong fruit branches. 2-year-old trees should be cored when the main spreading branches are 80cm long, and 8- 12 leaves should be left in the fruiting branches and 10- 12 leaves should be left in the vegetative branches 2-3 days before flowering or after the inflorescence at the initial flowering stage. When the main extension length of winter shears is slightly thicker than 1cm, 50-60cm short sections can be left, and the rest bearing branches can be trimmed with short tips.
(3) Fertilizer and water management of grape seedlings
In the year of seedling raising, in order to achieve the purpose of plastic surgery, the dead branches and vines are promoted to mature and the buds are full. We must ensure an adequate supply of fertilizer and water. In principle, fertilization should be applied in Ying Qin, sparingly and lightly, and can be combined with irrigation, 4-5 times a year.
After sowing in the second year, the management of fertilizer and water is as follows: water is used to accelerate germination in the middle and late April,10 kg; Urea is applied once every 667m2; Before watering in May 10, 20 kg of Sakefu compound fertilizer and 30 kg of Yang Kang solid fertilizer were applied every 667㎡, covered with sheep manure. Irrigation with fruit water in mid-June, the amount of fertilization is the same as that in mid-May; Watering colored fruit swelling water around July 20, mainly applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; Irrigation before mining on August 20th.