Green plum is characterized by large, crisp, detached and sweet fruit, and its edible rate is about 97%. Together with bee sugar plum in Zhenning county, Anshun, Guizhou, it has become a leader in new plum varieties and is deeply loved by consumers. It has the characteristics of vigorous growth, straight branches and strong branches, with middle branches, short fruit branches and strong bouquets as fruiting branches. Flowering in mid-March, fruiting in May-August. This variety is divided into early, middle and late maturity, and it is also affected by altitude from June to September. It is suitable for planting at an altitude of 500-2500, and the high altitude area in Maoxian county, Sichuan Province is the representative area of late-maturing green crisp plum. How to manage in the first year of colonization? get a first reign title after the founding of a dynasty
The root system of Prunus mume is shallow, so it is suitable to choose soil with deep soil layer, loose and breathable soil and abundant sunshine in the area where the plot is located. Avoid choosing shady slopes, mountain bays and other places to build gardens. The planting time should be from 10 to 12, and no later than March. The plant spacing should be 4 * 4m, and about 55 plants should be planted per mu. This flat land needs to be trenched for drainage.
Field planting
Planting in June 5438+00 ~ February, when planting, the plant spacing is 4 * 4m, the acupoints are determined by ropes, the acupoints are kept straight, the width of the acupoints is 40 and the depth is 30, the base fertilizer (farmyard manure or balanced compound fertilizer) is applied, the thickness of farmyard manure is less than 15cm, and about 300g of compound fertilizer is mixed with fine soil, and then the soil is covered. Before sowing, soak in carbendazim mixed with rooting powder for 2 hours, and then sow. When planting, cut off the rotten roots so that the fibrous roots do not stretch and bend, cover the soil and backfill, and then compact. If the soil is dry, it needs watering. When planting in autumn and winter in southwest China, it is generally not necessary to water the roots. (If the seedlings are not cut short, they should be as short as 80 cm and then covered with paint or film. )
Water and fertilizer management
1, first seedling raising and fertilization
After planting, when budding in March, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used to promote the growth of trees. Fertilization should be carried out in an annular ditch 20 cm away from the trunk and 15 cm deep, and 200 grams of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to plants. It is advisable to fertilize before rainy days and then cover the soil.
2. Second fertilization
May-June is the key stage of rapid growth of plum trees, which requires a lot of fertilizer, and the new branches of well-grown seedlings can reach about 60 cm. At this time, it is necessary to apply topdressing, mainly balanced compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and also open an annular ditch for fertilization, with 400 grams per plant to loosen the soil in the annular ditch.
3. Apply base fertilizer in autumn
Fertilization will be applied in September to prepare for the coming year. Base fertilizer is mainly to supplement nutrients for soil and meet the growth of young trees. Before defoliation, it is the best time to apply fertilizer, and the time is generally in the middle of September-10, and the balance of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer is the main one. Organic fertilizer can be farmyard manure or vegetable cake bean shells, provided that they all need to be decomposed, and the fertilizer applied per plant is about 500g g.
4. It is hot in summer, so it is necessary to choose watering according to the dryness of the soil. The growth of plum tree seedlings needs a lot of water, but at the same time it is not waterlogged. Drainage treatment should be done before and after the Dragon Boat Festival to prevent waterlogging. In July, in case of continuous high temperature, watering should be carried out in the morning or evening.
Trimming and shaping
Bud wiping: Green plum has a strong ability to pull branches, and buds will sprout from the grafting place when budding. In order to avoid consuming more nutrients, it is necessary to wipe off the buds below 40 cm from the trunk and keep the buds above 40 cm to lay the foundation for later plastic surgery. When the bud grows to 10 cm, three or four branches are reserved, the main branch is cultivated according to the growth direction of the bud, and other buds are removed and wiped off. Green Li Yin trees are strong and have high fruit setting rate. Generally, 3 main branches are selected, and 4 main branches can be reserved for a few buds with bad direction. From April to September, pruning and sprouting will be carried out all year round. In addition to the cultivated main branches, there will be many summer shoots in summer, which need to be erased in time, and those that have not sprouted in time need to be pruned; In July, the branches of small trees were pulled out. At this time, the branches are in the semi-lignification stage. In order to better shape, the branches were pulled in July, and the upright main branches were pulled at an angle of about 45. Intertillage weeding
During the growth of young plum trees, weeds grow correspondingly. In order to reduce nutrient consumption, weeds must be weeded. It is suggested to weed artificially to keep the soil loose and breathable, which is beneficial to the growth of young trees. The roots of young trees are left in the intertillage to weed, and loosening the soil can promote the growth of roots and breathe freely at the same time.
Pest control
There are many diseases and insect pests in plum blossom, which are mainly affected by soil fertility and weather. The common diseases in the first year of planting are leaf curl, iron deficiency yellow leaf disease and bacterial perforation. Imidacloprid can be sprayed on leaf roller, trace element fertilizer should be supplemented to iron-deficient yellow leaves, and sulfur mixture can be sprayed on leaves to prevent bacterial perforation. After foliar spraying, agricultural streptomycin sulfate, clothianidin suspension or quinoline copper wettable powder can be sprayed every 10 day 1 time for 2-3 times continuously. Strengthen the daily management of water and fertilizer, and supplement the nutrients needed for the growth of young trees in time.
To sum up, I would like to share my experience in planting green crisp plums, hoping to help those in need. If there are any shortcomings, experts are welcome to correct them and leave a message in the comment area. (Image from network, deleted)