Yiyang City 2008 Ordinary Junior High School Graduation Examination Paper

Biology

This examination paper includes test questions and answer sheets. The test paper has pages 1 to 4, and the answer sheet has pages 5 to 8. This test paper is a closed book examination paper. ***There are two major questions and 40 small questions. The exam lasts for 90 minutes and is worth 100 points. After the exam, candidates must return all test question papers and answer sheets.

1. Multiple choice questions (30 questions, ***40 points. Questions 1-20, 1 point each; questions 21-30, 2 points each. Each question has only one item Meets the requirements of the topic.)

1. The students in the biology group classified the campus plants investigated. They put pitch pine, cedar, cycad, and metasequoia into one category, and put weeping willow, poplar, camphor tree, and magnolia into another category. What criteria do they use to classify them?

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A. According to the economic value of the plant B. According to the ornamental value of the plant

C. According to the living environment of the plant D. According to the morphological structure of the plant

2. The following The practices that are detrimental to the protection of farmland ecosystems are C

① Release spiders in rice fields ② Use highly toxic pesticides to control insects ③ Apply more farm fertilizers

④ Kill venomous snakes ⑤ Monoculture in large areas ⑥ It is strictly forbidden to catch frogs

A. ①③⑤ B. ②④⑥ C. ②④⑤ D.①③⑥

3. In the cells of broad bean roots and leaves, the energy converters contained respectively are A

< p> A. Mitochondria; chloroplasts and mitochondria B. Chloroplasts; mitochondria and chloroplasts

C. Mitochondria and chloroplasts; mitochondria D. Chloroplasts and mitochondria; chloroplasts

4. At the end of April this year, An epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease has occurred in Fuyang, Anhui and other places. EV71 virus is one of the pathogens causing the disease.

Which of the following indicates that the virus is a living thing? C

A. It is composed of organic matter B. It has a cellular structure

C. It can reproduce in human cells D. Can cause disease in the human body

5. A few years after the construction of a thermal (coal-fired) power plant, the green and hairy bryophytes near the power plant disappeared. The main reason was B

A. Removed by people B. Poisoned to death by toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide produced by the power plant

C. Eaten by some animals D. The power plant raises the surrounding temperature and bryophytes cannot survive< /p>

6. Xiao Ming’s family has planted many peach trees. Every year when the peach trees bloom, Xiao Ming’s father keeps bees in the peach orchard. In addition to the purpose of collecting nectar, the significance of this move to the peach tree is B

A. Promote and prolong the opening of peach blossoms B. Help peach blossoms pollinate

C. Help eliminate peach trees Pests and diseases D. Stimulate the rapid growth of young peaches

7. After entering adolescence, due to physiological changes, obvious psychological changes also occur. We often encounter some problems in study and life. The following practices are incorrect: C

A. Frequently exchange ideas with parents and teachers and receive guidance B. Male and female students help each other and concentrate on their studies

C. "I grow up I don’t need you to worry about me anymore.” D. Actively participate in group activities

8. Which of the following statements about the human reproductive process is incorrect? C

A. Sperm and Egg cells combine in the fallopian tube

B. The embryo and fetus develop in the uterus

C. The fetus obtains nutrients from the mother through the umbilical cord and mammary gland

D. Produced by the fetus Waste is excreted from the mother's body through the placenta

9. The picture on the right is a schematic diagram simulating the movement of the diaphragm. The following statement is correct c

A. Picture A demonstrates inhalation and diaphragm contraction

B. Picture B demonstrates inhalation and diaphragm relaxation

C. Picture A demonstrates exhalation and diaphragm relaxation

D. Picture B demonstrates exhalation and diaphragm contraction

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10. Farmers collect human urine, add water and pour it into vegetable fields to speed up the growth of vegetable seedlings.

I would like to ask: Which of the following substances does not exist in normal urine? D

A. Urea B. Water C. Inorganic salts D. Glucose

11. The solid line in the figure below represents the artery. The flow of blood, the dotted line represents the flow of venous blood, which of the following correctly represents the path of systemic circulation A

A. ④→⑩→⑨→⑧→①

B. ③ →⑤→⑥→⑦→②

C. ②→④→⑩→⑨→⑧→①→③

D. ①→③→⑤→⑥→⑦→② →④

12. The 2008 Beijing Olympics is determined to be the cleanest Olympics and will seriously investigate and deal with doping by athletes. Hormonal stimulants will directly cause which of the following functional disorders in the human body A

A. Endocrine function B. Absorption function

C. Respiratory function D. Digestive function

13. Explore the detours of animals to get food. Among the following groups of animals, the ones with the most "trials and errors" are A

A. Chickens and ducks B. Large chickens and ducks

< p>C. Kitten, puppy D. Big cat, big dog

14. The cow in the picture on the right is not "bragging", its milk contains human lactoferrin, D

Which of the following statements about this cow is incorrect

A. It is a genetically modified cow

B. Its specific trait can be inherited

C . It has a breast bioreactor

D. It is a product of bionic technology

15. Observe the following graphics. The shaded parts represent the unique characteristics of the four plants. This The characteristics are A

A. There are seeds

B. The seeds are covered with pericarp

C. The seeds are not covered with pericarp

D . The leaves are needle-shaped

16. In August 2007, "Oriental Morning Post" reported: The number of white-tip dolphins, known as the "Goddess of the Yangtze River", has been severely reduced in the past 20 years. Do you think the important reasons for this result are A

①The rapid development of the water transport industry ②The rapid development of the aviation industry ③The expansion of the scope of fishery operations

④Discharge of sewage into the Yangtze River ⑤Establishment Baiji Research Institute

A. ①③④ B. ②④⑤ C. ①④⑤ D. ②③⑤

17. Beautiful butterflies are transformed from "caterpillars", and "caterpillars" are in butterflies The period in life should be B

A. Fertilized egg B. Larva C. Pupa D. Adult

18. Miller’s simulation experiments simulating primitive earth conditions illustrate the primitive Earth A

A. Can form organic matter that constitutes living organisms B. Can not form organic matter that constitutes living organisms

C. Can form inorganic matter D. Can form life

< p>19. Gao Gao’s classmate and his family are preparing to go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games. Since his grandmother has a heart disease, his mother gets carsick, and his father has stomach problems, in order to take good care of his family, the common medicines in his travel medicine box must have D

A. Yunhaining, Zhenshiming, Throat Tablets B. Analgesic, Antidiarrheal Spirit, Gankang

C. Chengyuning, Wei'an, Baijiahei D. Nitric acid Glycerin, Chengyuning, Weichangning

20. The "Anti-Drug Law of the People's Republic of China" came into effect on June 1, 2008.

The following options are all drugs: A

A. Opium, heroin, methamphetamine, morphine B. Heroin, opium, methamphetamine, nicotine

C. Tar, heroin, morphine, methamphetamine D. Meth, nicotine, tar, heroin

21. If you design an experiment to explore the impact of the dryness and wetness of the soil on the life of earthworms, the wrong one in the following design is B

A. Design A (moist soil) and B (dry soil) control experiments

B. Place 1 earthworm in each container A and B

C. Containers A and B Put 5 earthworms of the same size and living conditions into each container

D. Both containers A and B are placed in the same environment

22. If the following figure is used to represent each The relationship between species concepts. Among the following options, the ones that match the diagram are C

Options 1 2 3 4

A Angiosperms Gymnosperms Dicotyledons Monocots

B Gene DNA Chromosome Nucleus

C Plant body plant organ plant tissue cell

D Human body system organ epithelial tissue muscle tissue

23. After exploring "the way water enters the plant body", students in a biology group came to the following conclusion. What do you think is incorrect?

A. The main part of the root tip that absorbs water is the mature area C

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B. The vessels of roots, stems and leaves are connected

C. Sieve tubes are accessory structures for transporting water and inorganic salts

D. Water and The transportation direction of inorganic salts is "root → stem → leaf"

24. In order to improve air quality and ensure good health, which of the following practices are correct? C

① Often in the living room Spray insecticides to kill bacteria in the air ②Plant more flowers, plants and trees around the room

③Open the windows of newly renovated houses frequently to ventilate ④Put flowers in the room at night

⑤Burn straw ⑥Always maintain air circulation in the classroom

A.①④⑤ B.②④⑥ C.②③⑥ D.

25. The blood components flowing out of the kidneys are similar to the blood components flowing into the kidneys. Ratio, which is characterized by C

A. Oxygen increases, urea decreases B. Carbon dioxide decreases, urea increases

C. Carbon dioxide increases, urea decreases D. Oxygen decreases, urea increases

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26. Flow charts can be used to represent a series of physiological activities that occur continuously. The error in the following flow charts is C

A. External sound waves→external auditory canal→tympanic membrane→ossicles→inner ear → Auditory nerve → Brain

B. External light → Cornea → Pupil → Lens and vitreous body → Retina → Optic nerve → Brain

C. Blood → Glomerulus → Renal tubule → Kidney Small vesicle → urine

D. External stimulation → receptor → afferent nerve → nerve center → efferent nerve → effector

27. May 12, 2008 Wenchuan University, Sichuan The earthquake severely damaged the Wolong Giant Panda Base in Sichuan. To protect giant pandas, the best rescue measure is C

A. Natural exile to the forest B. Transfer to a farm for protection

C. Move to other giant panda bases D. Move naked Botanical Garden

28. Which of the following recipes for bacterial and fungal culture media is incorrect? D

A. Mix beef juice and agar B. Mix milk and agar

< p>C. Mix soil leachate and agar D. Mix distilled water and agar

29. The tall stems and short stems of peas are a pair of relative traits. The following hybrid combinations can determine dominant traits and recessive traits. It’s A

A. Tall stems × short stems → all tall stems B. Tall stems × tall stems → all tall stems

C. Short stems × tall stems → tall stems D. Dwarf stem A young couple both have single eyelids and gave birth to a girl with single eyelids.

Later, the mother went to a beauty salon and underwent surgery to have double eyelids. If the couple has another child with double eyelids, the probability is A

A. 0 B. 25% C. 50% D. 100%< /p>

2. Non-choice questions (10 questions, ***60 points)

In the digestive tract of biological species

Contaminant content per kilogram body weight of food tissue/mg< /p>

Mercury, some kind of pesticide

A Big fish and small fish 78 96

B River mussel Daphnia, chlorella 25 57

C Chlorella/ 3 5

D Small fish Daphnia 10 31

E Daphnia Chlorella 5 15

31. A research study group Five different organisms (A, B, C, D, E) in fish ponds near the school were selected for research: first, the composition of the food in their digestive tracts was analyzed; second, experts were invited to conduct two studies on these five organisms. The contents of major pollutants were measured. The results are shown in the table below: (6 points)

(1) Based on the information provided in the table, express the nutritional relationship between five organisms in the form of a food web (indicated by A, B, C, D, E represents 5 kinds of organisms) (2 points)

(2) Write the longest food chain in the food web. (2 points)

(3) Fish is a delicacy for people. In the past, more people liked to eat big fish, but now many people prefer to eat small fish. What do you think is the main reason? (2 points)

32. Please answer the following questions about the operation of the microscope (6 points)

(1) The picture on the left shows the eyepiece, objective lens and the objective lens when observing a clear object image. distance from the slide. When using the above objective lens and eyepiece to observe onion scale leaves, in order to maximize the number of cells observed in the field of view, the combination of the eyepiece and objective lens is , and the distance between the objective lens and the glass slide should be .

(2) The picture on the right shows the two fields of view observed by a microscope.

Among them, A is the main observation object. When the field of view ① changes to the field of view ②

When, the operation method is.

(3) The picture on the right is the rendering of two students A and B using a microscope to observe human oral epithelial cells:

Do you think the observation effect of your classmates is good? Another student's poor effect was due to the fact that there was

in the mounting film. In order to avoid the abnormal situation in this student's field of vision,

when covering the cover slip.

33. The two devices A and B in the picture below represent the respiration of seeds and photosynthesis of seedlings respectively. Please answer the questions according to the picture. (6 points)

(1) Add an appropriate amount of water to A. After a period of time, ① the respiration of the seeds

(fill in to strengthen or weaken); ② the photosynthesis of the seedlings (Fill in to strengthen or weaken), the reason is.

(2) If the funnel and glass tube in A are completely blocked, the respiration of the seeds and the photosynthesis of the seedlings will (fill in strengthen or weaken). The reason is

(3) Plant photosynthesis and respiration are interdependent and simultaneously maintain the relative balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the biosphere. What should we do to keep the air in our living environment always fresh? Please give your suggestions.

34. A student explored "the changes of steamed buns in the mouth". The operating steps, experimental phenomena and experimental conclusions are as follows: (6 points)

The operating steps are shown in the figure :

Experimental phenomenon: The solution in the test tube does not change blue.

Experimental conclusion: The sweetness of steamed buns is related to tooth chewing, tongue stirring and saliva secretion.

(1) There are several errors in the design and operation of the experiment.

Please point out and correct them.

(3 points)

(2) Is the experimental phenomenon described by the student consistent with the experimental phenomenon he conducted?

If it does not match, please re-describe the experimental phenomenon.

(3) Are the student’s experimental conclusions reliable? .

35. On May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan. The disaster was so serious that a large number of injured people needed blood transfusions, and the local blood bank was in short supply. When one party was in trouble, all parties supported it. People of all ethnic groups across the country bravely donated blood, ensuring blood supply for the wounded in the disaster area. Please answer the following questions about blood donation procedures, precautions and blood transfusion principles: (6 points)

(1) Why is it necessary to have a physical examination before donating blood? .

(2) You cannot drink a lot of water before donating blood. The reason is:

(3) The purpose of washing both arms before blood collection is.

(4) Why is blood type identification required before blood transfusion?

There are four people A, B, C, and D who are ready to donate blood. The doctor tests the blood of these four people with type A and type B standard serum respectively. The results are as shown in the figure below: Please judge A The blood types of the four people are , B, C, and D in order.

(5) In the face of the earthquake disaster, how do you feel when you see people bravely donating blood?

36. On December 31, 2007, the State Council issued a notice requiring that from June 1, 2008, the production, sale and use of plastic shopping bags with a thickness less than 0.025 mm will be banned nationwide. Currently, supermarkets, shops, bazaars and other commodity retail venues implement a paid use system for plastic bags, and plastic shopping bags are not allowed to be provided for free.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions: (6 points)

(1) The real purpose of the government’s “plastic restriction” is.

(2) Some people imagine producing a new type of material to make shopping bags to replace the current plastic bags. What characteristics do you think this new material should have? Please come up with your ideas. (2 points)

(3) Some people use incineration to dispose of plastic bags. Is this a good idea?

Why?

(4) What methods do you think should be adopted to deal with plastic bags in the soil?

37. In January 2008, rare ice and snow weather occurred in southern my country. The 160,000 migratory birds in East Dongting Lake have nowhere to find food. They are hungry and cold, and their lives are in danger. After the ice disaster, repeated monitoring by the Hunan Provincial Forestry Department showed that migratory birds did not die on a large scale and the population was normal. This has to do with the structure of the birds themselves and the hard work of the sanctuary staff. Please answer the following questions based on the above information: (6 points)

(1) Based on the knowledge you have, what structural features of birds do you think can allow it to maintain its height and height in a cold environment? Constant body temperature? (3 points)

①, can be kept warm.

②, strong breathing ability and sufficient oxygen supply.

③, large production capacity.

(2) If you were a staff member of a bird sanctuary, what measures would you take to ensure that migratory birds do not freeze, starve, or be killed? (3 points)

38. The steps for making sweet wine at home are as follows:

① Mix the koji powder and glutinous rice evenly ② Compact the glutinous rice and dig a small hole, pour in Pour some cold boiled water ③ Rinse the glutinous rice with cold boiled water once and cool it to 30℃ ④ Soak the glutinous rice in water for a day and night, wash it clean ⑤ Put the glutinous rice in a container, cover it, wrap it with a towel and put it in a warm place ⑥ Pour the glutinous rice into the steamer and cook (the above containers, towels, etc. must be sterilized). (6 points)

Please answer the following questions according to the production process:

(1) Please write down the sequence of the production process (indicated by code numbers and arrows) (2 points)< /p>

(2) The main bacterial species contained in distiller’s yeast are.

(3) There are bubbles on the surface of the sweet wine. What gas is this caused by?

(4) Someone made sweet wine according to the process. A few days later, they found that the sweet wine was not produced and the glutinous rice became moldy. Please analyze the possible reasons? (2 points)

39. Geranium purpurea is a health-care vegetable, and vegetable farmers often propagate it by cuttings. Different methods of handling cutting materials will affect the survival rate of the cuttings. When dealing with stem cuttings, do you make a horizontal incision underneath the stem? Or cut diagonally? Please design an experiment to explore which treatment method is more likely to make the stem segments survive. (7 points)

(1) The experimental variable is .

The assumption made in (2) is .

(3) Experimental steps: ① Prepare 20 well-growing branches of Geranium purpurea, cut them into stem segments with 2 nodes remaining, and process the leaves of the stem segments and the incisions above the stem segments as required. ② Divide the stem segments prepared above into two equal parts and label them A and B respectively. Cut the lower part of the stem section of group A into . Cut the lower part of the stem section of group B into . ③ Insert the stem segments of the two groups into sandy soil as required and cultivate them under environmental conditions.

(4) Observation and recording: Observe the stem segments of groups A and B regularly every day to see which group grows new leaves first, and keep records.

(5) Conclusion from the prediction results: (2 points)

40. After the 8.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan on May 12, 2008, the "People's Daily" reported on May On the 18th, the knowledge on animal disease prevention and control after the earthquake was introduced, as shown in the picture below. Please answer the question based on the information in the picture: (5 points)

(1) Picture A tells us that once the epidemic is confirmed, isolation, isolation and other measures should be taken immediately according to regulations. This is a preventive measure for infectious diseases. .

(2) According to Figure B, this is a preventive measure for infectious diseases.

(3) Figure C informs: Once an epidemic occurs, compulsory measures must be taken in the area where the epidemic occurs to increase the disease immunity rate.

Biology reference answers and scoring opinions?

1. Multiple choice questions (***40 points, 1 point for each question from 1 to 20, 2 points for each question from 21 to 30 points)

2. Non-choice questions (31-40 questions, ***60 points)

31. (6 points) (1) (2 points) (2) (2 points) C→E→D→A

(3) (2 points) The content of toxic substances in small fish is less than that of big fish< /p>

32. (6 points) (1) ④ and ① ⑥ (2) Move the mounting plate parallel to the left

(3) B bubbles touch one side of the cover glass first water droplets, and then slowly lower the other side

33. (6 points) (1) ① Strengthen ② Strengthen seed respiration and provide more carbon dioxide for the seedlings

(2 ) Weakened hypoxia leads to weakened respiration of seeds and reduced carbon dioxide provided to seedlings

(3) ① Develop new environmentally friendly energy sources (such as wind energy, solar energy) ② Reduce carbon dioxide emissions

③ Vigorously plant trees, protect vegetation, etc. (Answer any point, it is reasonable)

34. (6 points) (1) (3 points) ① No controlled experiment ② Iodine solution should not be used in the first ③ Step by step, the iodine solution should be added at the end

③The 37°C water bath should be maintained for 10 minutes instead of 1 minute

(2) It does not comply with step ③The solution in the test tube changes after adding iodine solution Blue, after 1 minute in the water bath in step 5, the blue color faded slightly (it is okay if the solution in the test tube is blue) (3) Unreliable

35. (6 points) (1) Only the body Only blood from healthy people can be transfused to the wounded (2) Drinking water affects the quality of donated blood

(3) Reduce infection at the blood collection puncture site and blood contamination

(4) Blood transfusion The principle should be to transfuse blood of the same type, O type, A type, B type, AB type

(5) Catastrophes unite people's hearts, and the Chinese people are united as one. If one side is in trouble, all parties will support it, no matter how great the difficulty

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It can all be overcome (reasonable enough)

36. (6 points) (1) Reduce soil pollution (reasonable enough) (2) (2 points) ① In a short time Internal degradation (decomposition)

② Does not cause pollution to the soil ③ Can make full use of farm waste (such as straw, etc.)

④ After decomposition, it can promote the growth of plants, etc. (any answer Two points, other answers are reasonable)

(3) If not done well, it will cause air pollution (4) Manual picking and centralized harmless treatment

37. (6 points) (1) (3 points) ① Covered with feathers ② There are air sacs in the body

③ The ratio of heart to body weight is large, the number of beats per heart is high, or the heart has four chambers and non-mixed circulation

(2) (3 points) ① Artificial feeding (such as corn, rice, etc.) at regular times and fixed points ② Establishing temporary cold shelters (stations)

③ Strengthening artificial patrols of the lake to prevent hunting and timely treatment of frostbitten migratory birds Treatment

38. (6 points) (1) (2 points) ④→⑥→③→①→②→⑤ (2) Yeast (3) Carbon dioxide

(4 ) (2 points) ① Frequently opening the container may lead to bacterial infection ② The utensils are not strictly sterilized ③ The utensils are not tightly covered

④The distiller’s yeast contains miscellaneous bacteria, etc. (Answer any one, other answers are reasonable)

39. (7 points) (1) The direction of the incision below the stem segment (2) The oblique (or horizontal) incision below the stem segment is easier to survive

(3) Horizontal incision ( Oblique incision) Oblique incision (horizontal incision) Same and appropriate

(4) (2 points) ① If the oblique incision group grows new leaves before the horizontal incision group, the stems of the oblique incision will ② If the horizontal cut group grows new leaves before the oblique cut group, the horizontal cut stem segments are easy to survive; ③ If the horizontal cut group and the oblique cut group grow new leaves at the same time, then the stem segments below the stem segments Whether the incision is horizontal or oblique, it does not affect the survival of the cuttings.

(1 point for one correct answer, 2 points for more than 2 correct answers)

40. (5 points) (1) Deeply bury and control the source of infection (2) Cut off the transmission route (3) Immunize the threatened area (or vaccination)