Primary-gaudy: for example, rural large pieces of cloth, pop songs, etc.

Implicit: such as Tang poetry and Song poetry;

Advanced-melodramatic: such as Picasso's paintings;

Top pathology: such as foot binding, goldfish, Taihu stone, sick plum, pug;

The first layer is "gaudy". Zhang Yimou's Hero, Xiaogang Feng's The Banquet, rural big flower bed sheets and pop songs are all gaudy, simple and clear, and have the widest mass base, which is the first level of aesthetics.

The second layer is "hidden". Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties is the most typical representative. We need to appreciate its beauty slowly, but we can't understand it directly. For example, Li Bai's "seeing friends off": "You must leave me here and float away, like a loose aquatic plant, stretching for hundreds of miles."

It's simple: as soon as I broke up, I left by boat. It doesn't sound like much, but from a poetic point of view, it's a famous pair of flowing water. The previous sentence and the next sentence are in neat opposition, and their meanings are connected. It's called mobility. Yeah. Its beauty is implicit, which is the second level of aesthetics.

The third layer is "melodramatic". This is the state of contemporary art. For example, typical Picasso paintings are sometimes difficult to understand. It is said that the Queen of England said, "I really can't see which way the face of the person he painted is facing?"

The fourth layer is "morbid". When aesthetics reaches the top of the pyramid, as long as it enters the "morbid" level, it will be inverted pyramid-shaped, suddenly released and then become the most popular thing.

Foot-binding is the first thing in morbid aesthetics, which is hard for people to accept today, but people before the Qing Dynasty regarded it as beauty. Li Yu of A Qing Dynasty also taught people how to appreciate foot binding in Suiyuan. Most of the men in A Dream of Red Mansions have feminine beauty. And women have a morbid beauty. Jia Baoyu is like a girl and Lin Daiyu is like a patient, which is the aesthetic interest pursued by China people in culture.

Extended data:

Ma Weidou said his collection way:

In Ma Weidou's decades of collection career, he has knowledge, luck and times, and he naturally has some advantages, but this advantage is not much, nor is it blindly greedy. Most of the time, Ma Weidou had to "shed some blood".

In his early years, a trafficker sold Ma Weidou a pair of Huang Huali round-backed chairs. Traffickers collected 1 000 yuan and prepared to pay 4000 yuan. Ma Weidou judged that the price of these chairs in the Hongkong market at that time was about 8000 to 1000 yuan, so he immediately reached a deal with the dealer. Ma Weidou thinks that you should let others make money. In his view, the disadvantage of paying more money is that this order seems to suffer, and the advantage is long-term business.

Make a good relationship with the trafficker, and let him earn satisfactory money, so that the passage in Ma Weidou will be smooth. Traffickers, after all, are not experienced appraisers, and there are always fish that slip through the net. For example, he bought a cup for 10 yuan, and Ma Weidou gave him 20 yuan. He thinks that the profits have doubled, and he can make money by giving him 12 yuan, but it is short-sighted to continue like this for a long time. Because antique dealers receive antiques, the first thing they think of is someone who can pay a lot of money to maximize their value, so it doesn't hurt to play dumb at first and eat more money.

Ma Weidou received so many good things because he didn't care about that little money at first, and the dealers who often deal with Ma Weidou thought it was good, so he always provided Ma Weidou with valuable information and informed Ma Weidou of everything. Sometimes dealers see good things, but the money is not enough, so they directly find Ma Weidou to introduce them to him, and the dealers get some benefits from it, thus saving Ma Weidou a sum of money.

In the early days of collection, especially in the era when information was not smooth, Ma Weidou felt that the value of everything was not equal to the value of information. It doesn't matter whether something is expensive or cheap. What matters is information, so you can always know who has good things.

I often see people ask, where did Ma Weidou get so much money to buy antiques? In fact, this problem was mentioned as early as 10 years ago when Ma Weidou was interviewed by Wang Xiaofeng, a senior editor of Sanlian Life Weekly in March 2008. However, many people don't notice or forget that the title of this issue is "A Generation Rising on the Flat Land", and Mr. Ma Weidou holds a black cat as the cover.

Ma Weidou said that when he was an editor in a publishing house, he started to do medicinal materials business, and selling Chinese medicinal materials was a profiteering industry. In the middle and late 1980s, Ma Weidou earned 70,000 to 80,000 yuan a month, and all the money he earned from selling medicinal materials was used to buy antiques. At that time, in the publishing house, Ma Weidou was afraid to tell people that he was in the herbal medicine business. Others thought Ma Weidou was very rich, but he didn't understand where it came from.

Today, Ma Weidou misses the time when she went shopping for cultural relics in 1980s. She often goes to Shanxi and Hebei Province. Someone leads the way, and there are treasures everywhere. You can find them when you bend over. Not now, every step is thunder. For example, when I went there, it was a virgin land, and the forest was full of fresh mushrooms, which were picked casually. Now, mushrooms are still everywhere, but they are all poisonous mushrooms.

There is one thing that many people don't know. In this interview, Ma Weidou revealed for the first time that he was the first person to buy container cultural relics from abroad.

Ma Weidou talks about the original video of China people's aesthetics-CCTV.