Because children's skin is particularly delicate and has poor tolerance, burns are often more serious, and infections are more likely to cause complications. So it's best not to take medicine by yourself, but to go to the hospital as soon as possible.
First, remove the heat source and leave the scene quickly, such as soaking in water, spraying water, undressing or cutting, spraying water, and soaking limbs in cold water until the pain disappears. Don't burst the bubble.
It can be divided into first-degree burns (erythema, skin redness with burning tingling), second-degree burns (blistering and blistering in the affected area) and third-degree burns (necrosis and skin peeling). For a small area of mild burns, they can be treated at home. After cleaning the wound, Jing Wanhong and Bao Mei Run Burn Ointment can be applied externally. For large-area burns, it is advisable to send them to the hospital as soon as possible. The treatment of scald is the most important. First, shave the hair around the injured area and cut off the long nails. Wash the healthy skin around the wound with soapy water and clean water, and then scrub and disinfect it with 0. 1% bromogeramine solution or 75% alcohol. Rinse the wound with isotonic saline to remove foreign bodies and dirt. Protect small blisters from damage, and large blisters can be pulled out with empty needles. If the blister is broken or seriously polluted, it should be removed. The wound surface should be gently rolled open with gauze, covered with a layer of liquid paraffin gauze or a thin layer of vaseline gauze, added with multiple layers of degreasing gauze and cotton pad, and bandaged with uniform pressure. For burns, bandaging therapy and exposure therapy can also be used. Burns are often complicated with infection, so antibiotics should be added and tetanus antitoxin can be injected.
Cold therapy
In cold therapy, injured limbs are washed under running tap water, or soaked in big pots after burns. If there is no running water, the limbs can be soaked in well water or river water. Cold therapy can reduce local temperature, relieve wound pain, prevent continuous heat damage, and reduce exudation and edema. The duration of cold therapy is about 0.5 ~ 1 hour, which is based on the fact that there is no severe pain in the wound after stopping cold therapy. The water temperature is generally 15 ~ 20℃. If possible, put some ice cubes in the water to reduce the water temperature. Timely cold therapy can neutralize the residual heat invading the body, prevent the heat from continuing to penetrate, prevent the wound from deepening and reduce the depth of tissue burn.
Cold therapy can also relieve edema. After burn, skin capillaries expand rapidly, capillary permeability increases, and a large number of plasma-like substances seep out of blood vessels, forming edema or blisters. Cold therapy can make capillaries expand rapidly due to high temperature, reduce the exudation of plasma-like substances and relieve edema. So the sooner cold therapy is burned, the better. Don't worry about bacteria in the water. Burn wounds will be infected when they come into contact with raw water. Early cold therapy treatment should be carried out without hesitation to minimize the injury. Going to the hospital immediately can get the best treatment, but sometimes it will miss the golden time of wound treatment and cause irreversible damage to deep wounds.
Treatment of minor scald
If you only burn the surface, it looks red and does not blister, but it hurts. You should soak in clean cold water immediately, which will not only relieve the pain, but also reduce the swelling. Then rub some clean animal and vegetable oil, and you don't have to wrap it.
If you burn the dermis and blisters, try not to break them. You can rub the skin around the blisters with alcohol and then wrap it with a clean cloth. If the blisters are too big, or if the whole skin, including subcutaneous fat and muscle, is burnt, please ask a doctor for treatment.
Emergency treatment of burns and scalds
2004-3- 18 16:3 1:33
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Burns and scalds are common in daily life and wartime. Whether the on-site first aid treatment is timely and appropriate not only has an important impact on the future treatment, but also directly affects the life safety of the injured.
What should I do when I or others are burned or scalded?
1. Take off clothes that are on fire or soaked in hot water as soon as possible. If it is too late, you should lie down quickly and roll slowly to put out the fire. If there is cold water, immediately immerse the injured part in water to reduce the local temperature. Don't shout or beat the flame with your hands while running, so as not to promote burning or cause burns on your head, face, respiratory tract and hands.
2. In order to prevent the injured part from being damaged again, the clothes, pants, shoes and socks at the injured part should be cut off and not peeled off.
3. After removing the heat source, less serious limb burns can be soaked in cold water or ice water. This method can reduce the injury and pain, and the effect is good.
4. If the injured area is large, you should be sent to the hospital immediately. Attention should be paid to avoid infection of the injured part during transshipment, and the injured part can be simply wrapped with clean sheets and clothes to avoid oppression. For patients with respiratory tract burns or coma, special attention should be paid to keeping the respiratory tract unobstructed, and oxygen can be given if conditions permit. Pay attention to cold and dust prevention during transportation and prevent bumping. Not too fast.
5. Because children's burns and scalds are the most common items that are easy to cause burns, such as hot water bottles, stoves, boiling water, boiling soup, etc. Keep it out of children's reach, and educate children not to play with fire or inflammable and explosive materials to avoid burns.
How to do skin scald?
When scalded by boiling water, hot soup, hot oil, steam, etc. Flushing pain on skin and limbs, blistering on skin and limbs, exfoliation of epidermis. After scalding, it can be treated as follows: (1) Take off clothes, shoes and socks soaked in hydrothermal solution immediately, spray the wound with clean cold water or immerse it in clean cold water, apply a wet cold towel to the affected area, or apply vinegar to the scalded skin.
(2) Try not to scratch blisters or epidermis to avoid bacterial infection. In order to prevent blisters on the scald, you can wash and smear the affected area with vinegar, or wipe the affected area with egg white. If the blister has been scraped, you can cover the wound with sterile gauze and then send it to the hospital for treatment.
(3) Mild scald or small scald area can be coated with egg butter (the method of egg butter is: take 1 egg, remove the egg white, fry the yolk in a pot until it is burnt, and finally slowly boil out the egg butter, and use it after the egg butter is cooled). You can also use raw rhubarb (parched) to grind into fine powder, adjust it into egg white and apply it to the affected area.
16 1. What should I do if my throat is burning?
Pharyngeal burn is caused by swallowing boiled water, strong acid and strong alkali solution by mistake, which is more common in children. Pharyngeal burn can cause edema and blockage of throat mucosa, and even asphyxia in severe cases. The degree of scald is related to boiling water temperature, chemical concentration, drinking amount and staying time. The severely injured parts are generally lips, buccal mucosa, pharyngeal isthmus, posterior pharyngeal wall and epiglottis. Because the protective reflex of the child's throat is not perfect, he will not spit it out immediately after swallowing, but cry and shout, deepening inhalation, causing a wider range of burns. In case of burns caused by taking acid, alkali and other chemicals by mistake, the following emergency treatment methods can be adopted: if you take strong acid by mistake, you can use aluminum hydroxide gel, soapy water and milk to neutralize it, but you can't use baking soda to avoid producing carbon dioxide after taking it by mistake and bursting the imitated esophagus and stomach; If you take strong alkali by mistake, you can neutralize it with vinegar, orange juice and lemon juice. At the same time of perfusion of neutralizing liquid, milk, egg white, vegetable oil, batter and other liquids can be perfused to protect the mucosa of esophagus and stomach. After the above preliminary treatment, the wounded should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
162. How to deal with eye burns?
The human body usually has a unique natural protection response. For example, at the moment when the burn suddenly splashes, the eyes will naturally produce a rapid reflective eye closure action, so most of the eye burns are on the eyelids. When scalded, the eyelids are red and swollen, and sometimes blisters appear. Because boiling water, steam or boiling oil droplets are sterile at high temperature, there is no need to rinse when treating this scald. Generally, it is only necessary to apply chlortetracycline eye ointment or monascus eye ointment to the scald. If there are blisters, try not to prick them. The scald can be exposed without dressing, and will gradually heal after 3-5 days. If the imitator has a heavy eye friction and a lot of tears, white spots (black eyeballs) can be seen on the cornea, indicating that the cornea has been burned and must go to the hospital for treatment.
How to rescue burns?
Burn mainly refers to a kind of damage to human tissue caused by high temperature of flame, which is often caused by fire, house fire, forest fire clip, flammable explosion (gas, gasoline, kerosene) and so on. Mild and small area burns have little effect on human health, but severe burns will destroy human skin, make body fluids overflow and blood concentrate, which will not only cause unbearable pain, but also easily lead to shock, infection and even death. The first aid points for burns are as follows:
(1) Take off the burning clothes immediately or douse them with water. If there are puddles, ponds and streams, you can also use water to put out the fire. You can also lie down quickly and slowly roll the whole body to put out the fire. Pay attention to the fire on your body and don't run around, lest the wind help the fire and aggravate the burn; Don't beat with your hands when the fire is very strong, so as not to burn your fingers. In addition, when surrounded by fire, don't shout at will, so as not to inhale the flame and cause respiratory tract burns.
(2) After the fire is extinguished, the burn wound can be properly treated according to the treatment method of scald, and then the wound can be bandaged with clean gauze and handkerchief to prevent infection.
164. How to classify the severity of burns?
The severity of burn simulation is generally closely related to the area and depth of burn. At present, the three-degree and four-point method is widely used to judge the degree of burn and estimate the prognosis. I degree (erythema): local erythema and mild edema, no blisters, dryness and no infection. But the skin has a burning sensation. Generally, the symptoms subside in 2 ~ 3 days, and are cured in 3 ~ 5 days, with desquamation and no scar left.
Second degree (blister): it can be divided into shallow second degree burn and deep second degree burn;
(1) Shallow degree II: bullae, edema, severe pain and skin allergy. If there is no complicated infection, it will be cured in about 2 weeks, and there will be no scar and pigmentation in a short time. (2) Deep degree II: small blisters, obvious edema, pain and dull skin feeling. It usually heals in 3 ~ 4 weeks. It will leave a scar.
ⅲ degree (eschar): pale or brown skin, carbonized, dry, leather-like, mild skin pain, insensitive. Generally, the eschar falls off in 3 ~ 4 weeks, and the wound heals slowly. Most of them need skin grafting, and there may be scars or deformities after healing.
165. how to deal with minor burns in a small area?
Small-area mild burns refer to first-degree and shallow second-degree burns. This kind of scald is mostly caused by accidentally splashing boiling water on hands or feet, being scalded by steam when taking a bath, or splashing hot soup on your body when eating in summer. For burns like this, you can apply badger oil, scald ointment, green ointment and so on. When you reach the wound, it usually heals in 3 ~ 5 days. If necessary, you can go to the hospital and take medicine under the guidance of a doctor.
166. how to deal with the first aid of extensive burns?
Whether the emergency treatment of large area burns is accurate and timely will not only have an important impact on the future healing, but also affect the life safety of patients. Therefore, emergency treatment is necessary:
(1) Quickly find out whether there are life-threatening compound injuries, such as massive hemorrhage, asphyxia and open pneumothorax. If there is, rescue it quickly.
(2) Simply wrap the wound with dressing or surrounding clean sheets, clothes and other materials to prevent the wound from pollution and re-injury.
(3) Take sedative and analgesic drugs or intramuscular injection every day.
(4) Quickly send the patient to a nearby hospital for further treatment and treatment. On the way to the hospital, the patient's blood pressure, pulse and breathing should be closely observed.
167. What is chemical burn?
There are many substances that cause chemical burns, such as acids (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc. ) and alkali (such as ammonia, lime, soda ash and caustic soda). Acid can coagulate tissue proteins and dehydrate cells, so acid burns are generally shallow and dry scabs can be seen on the surface. But the burns caused by alkaline substances are different. Because alkaline ions can combine with tissue proteins to generate osmotic acidic proteins to acidify adipose tissues, the wounds caused by alkaline substances will gradually deepen and heal.
168. How to deal with chemical burns?
To race against time to rescue burns caused by chemicals, the specific methods are as follows. (1) Removal of chemical substances: The wounded should leave the scene as soon as possible, take off clothes contaminated by chemical substances quickly, and wash the wound with plenty of clean water such as tap water and well water for about half an hour.
(2) Use neutralizer: If the burn is caused by acidic substances, it can be neutralized by weak alkali (such as baking soda, soapy water and other solutions); If it is alkali burn, it can be neutralized with weak acid (such as vinegar, ammonium chloride and other solutions). However, neutralizer should not be used before washing with clear water, otherwise the heat released during neutralization reaction will deepen skin burn.
(3) Symptomatic treatment: The wound after cleaning and neutralization can be wrapped with sterile gauze and clean handkerchief to avoid bacterial infection. Due to the damage caused by strong acid and alkali, severe pain can be caused, and even shock can occur in severe cases. Analgesics and sedatives can be used as appropriate. In the process of rescue, we should always pay attention to the general changes of the wounded, such as breathing, pulse and consciousness. If there is any change, it is necessary to rescue the symptoms. After the above preliminary treatment, the wounded can be sent to hospital for treatment.
169. What is the severity of frostbite?
I was scalded by high-temperature oil, and half my arm was black and blistered. At that time, I was very calm, washing with cold water and applying toothpaste. This is the stupidest way, please don't try! Two hours later, the wound began to fester and yellow water flowed, and then the safflower oil left over from military training was used, which became worse a day later. I didn't have the money to go to the hospital, alone. There happened to be a pot of aloe at home, so I cut a piece with a small knife, peeled it and applied it to the burned area, and changed it every two or three hours. Results 10 days later, the arm recovered without leaving scars. What a miracle!
My sister was scalded by steamed bread, which was worse than boiling water. At first, it was also cold-treated. Later, it was used: 8 boiled eggs, the yolk was slowly baked in a wok to get oil, and then coated with baked egg oil. I don't remember how long it's been, but I haven't left any scars anyway. Rapid treatment can greatly alleviate the symptoms of burns and shorten the healing time! Rinse with plenty of cold water and keep the temperature low. This can avoid foaming. Just put some Jing Wanhong on it. If it is serious, please use ice and go to the hospital immediately. Just rub it with a fat photo. Rinse with cold water, and then go to the hospital to change the medicine. Rinse it with cold water first, and then I recommend a medicine, a spray, called "Get better soon". I used it without leaving a scar, but I forgot where this medicine was made. It is especially useful to apply toothpaste to burned areas. One thing you can and must do is cold compress, and the rest should be treated in the hospital. First, the first aid after scalding is divided into two steps: first, physical cooling is carried out, and the method is to wash or soak the scalded part with water immediately. Second, if possible, go to the hospital for treatment immediately. I think you can recommend a kind of scald medicine called Bao Mei, which has quite good curative effect, or leaves no scar after moist healing. Use Perfect Aloe Gel. Turn on the tap immediately and rinse it with cold water for half an hour. I am an electric welder. I iron clothes almost every day. If the weather is very hot, I will immediately apply the scald medicine with soap. There is a medicine called "Jingwanhong", which has a good effect. 1999 I used it when I was burned. It can relieve the pain, but it tastes a little irritating. It shouldn't matter if it's wrapped, but the key is that the effect is really good and it gets better quickly. I don't know if the general pharmacy has applied propolis quickly, just fine. Wipe it with vinegar as soon as it is light.
Severe cases should be sent to hospital immediately for treatment. Rinse with cold water first, and then use a medicine called "Bao Mei". The effect is very good. You can spare it at home. 1 The tube was accidentally burned. The best way is to put the burned part in cold water. If the burn is slight, first apply toothpaste to the burned area to relieve pain, and then go to the drugstore to buy some burn cream and the like. If it is serious, you should go to the hospital immediately, but remember not to bandage the wound with gauze. It is best if there is a military hospital nearby, because the military hospital has comprehensive treatment technology for burns and scalds, and the best way is to rub soybean oil. Pain relief, no foaming. You might as well try.