Divergent thinking, also known as diffuse thinking, radiating thinking, and different thinking. It is a way of thinking that explores multiple answers from different directions, approaches and angles, and ultimately achieves a satisfactory solution to the problem. The following is the case and method of divergent thinking form that I brought to you. I hope you like it!
Cases of divergent thinking form
1. Three-dimensional thinking
Thinking When asking questions, jump out of the limitations of points, lines, and planes and think three-dimensionally.
Three-dimensional greening: The roof garden increases the green area, reduces the occupied area, improves the environment, and purifies the air.
Three-dimensional agriculture and intercropping: such as mung beans in corn fields, peanuts in sorghum fields, etc.
Three-dimensional forest: shrubs are planted under tall trees, grass is planted under shrubs, and edible fungi are planted under grass. .
Three-dimensional fishery: Cage fish farming makes full use of the water surface and water bodies
Three-dimensional development resources: coal, stone, development products
What else can you come up with? What is the three-dimensional thinking form?
2. Planar thinking
The divergent thinking form characterized by conceiving two-dimensional plane figures, such as using a pen and a piece of paper to draw the center and circumference of a circle one by one.
This kind of discontinuous graphics is difficult to draw in one stroke.
3. Reverse thinking
Go against the usual way of thinking. The method of thinking about a problem from the opposite direction is also called reverse thinking. Because among many things in the objective world, A can produce B, and B can also produce A. For example: chemical energy can produce electrical energy. Accordingly, Italian scientist Volta invented the voltaic battery in 1800. In turn, electrical energy can also produce chemical energy. Through electrolysis, British chemist David discovered seven elements including potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, and boron in 1807.
For example, the pitch of the speaking voice can cause corresponding vibrations of the metal sheet, and conversely, the vibration of the metal sheet can also cause changes in the pitch of the voice. Edison invented and manufactured the world's first phonograph while improving the telephone.
So how to do reverse thinking?
1) Think reversely based on the conditions for the dependence of things. For example, if a child falls into the water, rescuing the person from the water is to get the person out of the water. , Sima Guang saved people by breaking the vat and letting the water escape from the people. This is reverse thinking.
2) Think backwards about the development process of things. For example, when people go up the stairs, they are walking, while the elevator is like walking on the road and people are not moving.
3) Think backwards about the position of things, such as carrying out the "If I were so-and-so" activity.
4) Thinking backwards about the outcome of things. It is said that the great Russian writer Tolstoy devised this question:
There once was a farmer who left some cows after his death. , he wrote in his suicide note: The wife gets half of all the cows plus half a head; the eldest son gets half of the remaining cows plus half a head, which is exactly half of what the wife gets; the second son gets half of the remaining cows plus half a head. , exactly half of the eldest son's; the eldest daughter's share of the last remaining half plus half a head is exactly equal to half of the cattle received by the second son. As a result, not a single cow was killed, and not a single cow was left. I asked the farmer how many cows he had left?
In commercial marketing operations, reverse thinking is often applied: For example, those in the watch business I like to say that my watch is accurate, but a watch manufacturer said that their watch is not accurate enough and will have an error of 1 second every day. Not only did I not lose customers, but everyone recognized it and enthusiastically bought it; Use 8 matches to make 2 squares and 4 triangles (Matches cannot be bent or broken).
Generally, when making a triangle in a square, it is easy to start with the diagonal, but the length of the diagonal is greater than the side length of the square, so if you think about it the other way around and form a triangle with the same side length, then Just move diagonally.
4. Lateral thinking (bypass thinking)
A way of thinking that solves problems by being inspired by things that are far away from the problem.
Example 1: At the end of the 19th century, the French horticulturist Moniere thought of the example of cement reinforcement from the intertwined roots of plants.
When a person is thinking hard about a certain problem, a dominant focus is formed in the brain. Once inspired by other things, it is easy to produce reactions related to this dominant focus to solve the problem. question.
5. Lateral thinking
A form of thinking relative to vertical thinking. Vertical thinking is convergent thinking that goes straight up and down based on logical reasoning. Lateral thinking is when vertical thinking is frustrated, looking for answers to questions laterally. Just as time is one-dimensional and space is multi-dimensional, lateral thinking and vertical thinking represent the complementarity of one-dimensional and multi-dimensional. The British scholar de Bono first proposed the concept of lateral thinking. His purpose in creating the concept of lateral thinking was to propose complementary and opposing thinking methods to address the shortcomings of vertical thinking.
6. Multi-channel thinking
When solving problems, you do not go all the way to the dark side, but think from multiple angles and aspects. This is the most common form of divergent thinking (reverse, reverse, Lateral and lateral thinking are special forms of this).
7. Combination thinking
Start from a certain thing, use it as a divergence point, and connect as many other (or some) things as possible to form a new value (or additional value) way of thinking about new things.
The first major combination was Newton’s combination of Kepler’s three laws of celestial motion and Galileo’s laws of vertical and horizontal motion of objects, thus creating classical mechanics and triggering a technological revolution marked by the steam engine; The second major combination was Maxwell's combination of Faraday's electromagnetic induction theory and the mathematical methods of Lagrange and Hamilton, creating a more complete electromagnetic theory, thus triggering a technological revolution marked by generators and electric motors; the third The great combination was that Dirac combined Einstein's theory of relativity and Schrodinger's equation, created relative quantum mechanics, and triggered a new technological revolution marked by atomic energy technology and electronic computer technology. So Einstein said: Combination seems to be the essential feature of creative thinking.
There are numerous examples of combinatorial creation in science, business, and other industries. Of course, the combination is not a random combination, it must be an organic and optimal combination that follows certain scientific laws. The information intersection method created by Xu Guotai, the Chinese thinking devil, is a very good tool for combinatorial thinking.
Training methods for divergent thinking
1. General method
Material divergence method - use as many materials as possible on a certain item as a divergence point , imagine its many uses.
Functional divergence method-starting from the function of something and imagining various possibilities for obtaining that function.
Structural divergence method - taking the structure of something as the divergence point and imagining various possibilities of using the structure.
Form divergence method-take the form of things as the divergence point and imagine various possibilities for using a certain form.
Combination and divergence method - take something as the divergence point and combine it with as many other things as possible to form new things.
Method divergence method-take a certain method as the divergence point and imagine various possibilities of using the method.
Causal divergence method - taking the result of the development of a certain thing as the divergence point, inferring various causes of the result, or inferring various possible results from the causes.
2. Hypothetical speculation method
Regardless of whether the hypothetical problem is randomly selected or limited, it should involve situations that are contrary to the facts and are temporarily impossible. or objects and states that do not exist in reality.
Most of the concepts derived from the hypothesis and speculation method may be unrealistic, absurd, and unfeasible. This is not important. What is important is that some concepts can become reasonable and useful after transformation. thoughts.
3. Collective divergent thinking
Divergent thinking not only requires the use of all our own brains, but sometimes also requires the use of unlimited resources around us to brainstorm. Collective divergent thinking can take different forms, such as what we often jokingly call the Zhuge Liang Meeting. In terms of design, we usually use brainstorming. Everyone expresses his or her own ideas regardless of the possibility. As long as he can explain it clearly, it can be recognized and adopted by everyone, and finally a conclusion is drawn. This method is called brainstorming.
4. Divergent thinking and logical thinking
Divergent thinking is like a tree. Thinking itself seems to be nothing, but it is actually the ability to transfer analogies. If something is the trunk of a tree, then its branches, leaves, rhizomes, etc. are the results of the migration of thinking. The stronger the migration analogy ability, the more lush the natural branches, leaves, rhizomes, etc. will be. The nutrition here is the knowledge and cognition accumulated by a person in life. Naturally, the deeper this accumulation, the more accurate and inclusive the transferred deep cognition will be. The divergence of thinking does not rely on any medium, but it must have a cause, that is to say, there must be a triggering event. Migration requires the activity of people's thinking, because some things have no obvious relationship, so people must first make assumptions and then demonstrate them in practice. This method is very effective for entering the field of philosophy, because the breadth and depth of philosophical discussions cannot be explained by other fields. Philosophy is used to explain other fields, so if you want to enter philosophy, you must start with assumptions. This is a supplement to the characteristics of divergent thinking. It is based on nothing, but it must be proven in practice later, and then its scope of application can be demonstrated to clearly distinguish the value and limitations of the result. Divergent thinking mainly relies on analogies, causes, processes, results, etc., but attention should be paid to summary and accumulation, so that divergent thinking will become broader and richer in the future. Divergent thinking usually relies on logical thinking to establish connections, because To make the migration results as objective and correct as possible, try not to perceive the connection relationship when it is not possible.
Logical argument has universal applicability to the non-perceptual category. Therefore, when something involves a wide range of things, some of its branches may be directly inferred using divergent thinking and migration analogies, while others may only be diverged after theoretical derivation using logical thinking. The value of divergent thinking depends more on a person's own experience, experience and understanding of life and human nature. Only when these contents continue to be enriched will the value of divergent thinking become higher and higher and its manifestation more and more obvious. Therefore, divergent thinking itself must rely on people's life accumulation and thinking vitality to reflect its value. If people have nothing, then divergent thinking will be empty and will not grow. Therefore, this requires that people should pay attention to life, be naive, and be calm when encountering problems. Calmness is the beginning of everything going well. To make the migration results as accurate and objective as possible, you need to be calm, so divergent thinking requires mental training to a large extent. When analyzing anything, you must have both a personal identity and a passer-by attitude.
Logical thinking
Like a bamboo pole. The extension of each section, interlocking with each other. The main application of logical thinking is in building relationships. In addition to the physical realm, there should also be one in the spiritual realm. In reality, it is mainly used for scientific derivation, science calculations, etc. Between the souls, the main thing is to grasp the degree of emotion. Sometimes you may not be able to see it for a while. That is because the changes in emotional issues are not regular in detail, but the general direction will not change. It’s just that the process methods are different, which is why psychology is prone to errors when encountering specific problems. Psychology can only draw conclusions on a universal and normal level, and it is impossible to make precise and accurate judgments about a specific person. Therefore, psychological logical thinking is mainly about grasping the degree of emotion. As for the precise and specific trends, several possibilities for its existence should be deduced based on the severity of the degree. Logical thinking does not have high requirements on life accumulation. In terms of thinking vitality, sometimes it even requires stubbornness and perseverance. The advantage lies in the rigor and continuity of argumentation.