Choose loam or sandy loam with fertile soil, slightly acidic to neutral soil, deep soil layer, relatively calm wind, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation (slope < 15) to build the garden. Sandy soil, gravel and soil with insufficient water are too barren or poor in water and fertilizer conservation, which are generally not suitable for garden construction.

Proper planning should be carried out after land selection, including road system, irrigation and drainage system, shelter forest, residential area and forest sections (communities). Living area is 2-4 hectares. In the construction of shelter forest, Congo 12, Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus microphylla and other fast-growing wind-resistant tree species were selected. Generally, the forest width is 6m, and the row spacing of shelterbelt is 1 m× 2m. The distance between forest edges is 5-6 meters.

When a garden is built on an uncultivated garden, after weeds and trees are cleared, sufficient tillage and ploughing are carried out to make the soil fine and soft. In order to do a good job of soil and water conservation, a garden with a width of 2-2.5 meters should be built around the mountain (inclined inward 15); To build a garden on the flat land, it is advisable to take the east-west direction and open shallow ditches between rows to facilitate irrigation and drainage.

Plant spacing is 4×4m or 4×5m, and several different varieties of pollinated trees are planted in the same variety orchard. Dig a pit of 80× 80× 70 cm, add 25kg of organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate 1kg. It can be planted in other periods except11-February when the temperature is low and it is not suitable for planting. If irrigation is convenient, it is best to plant it in March-April in spring, because the growth in that year is large and the fruit can come out earlier. When planting, the soil ball should be slightly higher than the ground. After planting, spray root water, cover grass to keep moisture, and erect small bamboo poles to prevent wind. Carambola seedlings are afraid of the sun, and the trunk can be wrapped with straw when planting.

(2) Raising seedlings

June 5438+ 10 Buy local sour or sweet carambola fruits, take out the seeds, wash and dry them, soak them in carbendazim for disinfection before sowing, and then sow them on a sand bed to raise acres to prevent rodents. When seedlings emerge in about 20 days and the height of seedlings is 10- 15 cm, transplant seedling bags and use shading nets to shade them. Organic fertilizer and topsoil are mixed according to the ratio of 1:4. After transplanting, apply dilute nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate potassium fertilizer once every 10 day. Check and cut off the sprouting tillers on the trunk every month. When the trunk is 0.7- 1. Ocm is thick, grafting can be carried out in March-11month, but March-April is better. Full-grown, lignified 1 -2-year-old branches are selected as scions, and grafting can be carried out in 20 days by cutting and splitting. Cutting off the swollen buds and putting on the film are beneficial to the germination and elongation of the buds, and often erase the sprouting tillers growing on the rootstock. After the grafting survives, it can grow for 30 days and leave the nursery.

(3) shaping and pruning

1, pruning small trees

After survival, cut off the stems at 60-80cm, and cut off the sprouting strips at the base of the trunk. Select 4-6 branches from the sprouted branches to form the main branch. The branches of carambola are thin and tough and can be supported by bamboo poles. The main branches and auxiliary branches are evenly distributed by hanging strings, and the crown arranged layer by layer is cultivated. When the auxiliary main branch is led out from the main branch, it should be bent down from small to small. Young trees should keep branches as much as possible, only cut short and long vegetative branches, and the height of trees should be controlled below 3 meters.

2. Prune the result tree

Trim 3 times a year:

The first time: in February and March, when the old leaves wither after the fruit is harvested in winter, the dead branches, over-flourishing branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and old branches are cut short or cut off.

The second time: from May to June, about 40 days before sprouting, cut off too long branches, too dense and delicate branches, combined with fruit thinning.

The third time: September -65438+ 10, the method is the same as the second time, combined with fruit thinning. In the process of pruning, try to keep the middle and lower branches, and do not cut off the inner branches from the base, but leave 2cm branches. For fruit trees under the age of 10, the twigs bearing fruit at the base should be cut off, the branches at the top of the crown should be thinned out, and the excessively long branches should be cut short. 10- 15-year-old trees sparse a large number of overgrowth branches at the top to prevent overgrowth from causing topping.

(4) Fertilization

1, young trees are fertilized

Generally, it is thin and diligent. After the plant survives, human and animal manure or urea liquid fertilizer with a small amount of potassium fertilizer is applied once a month. In late June, 65438+February, combined with hole expansion, organic fertilizer l0kg and calcium superphosphate 0.5kg were applied to enhance the tree vigor and improve the cold resistance of plants.

2. Fertilizing fruit trees (young fruit trees)

① Promote shoots, strengthen shoots and promote flowers.

It was carried out before the last batch of fruits were harvested, and it was applied in March, with organic fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer, 25kg/ plant. If septic tanks can be built in combination with pig raising, adding calcium superphosphate and green manure, the application effect will be better. The dosage of chemical fertilizer is 0.5kg, and the compound fertilizer is 0.5kg urea/plant. After application, it is irrigated once every 10 day.

② Strong flower and fruit fertilizer

In May and June, when the fruit has a big thumb and droops strictly, it should be fermented with calcium superphosphate, peanut cake and human excrement according to the ratio of 1: 2: 100, each plant 15-20kg, and water 1 times, or 0.5kg per plant.

③ Strong fruit promotes flower fertilizer.

From late July to early August, when the fruit sets and blooms for the second time, each plant uses 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of potassium fertilizer. At this time, the weather is hot and the sun is strong, so fertilization should be carried out in the evening. If the weather is dry, it should be irrigated or watered thoroughly.

④ ripening promoting fertilizer

In order to make fruits mature early and improve quality, apply 1 quick-acting compound fertilizer 20 days before each fruit ripens, and reduce irrigation appropriately.

⑤ Winter fertilizer

Apply11-65438+February heavy fertilizer, combined with hole expansion, mainly organic fertilizer. Apply organic fertilizer 30kg calcium superphosphate 1kg potassium fertilizer 0.5kg/ plant.

The carambola enters the fruiting period, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth will be carried out at the same time in May-165438+ 10 every year, which requires a lot of fertilizers and needs continuous fertilization. At this time, 80% of the annual fertilization amount should be applied, mainly organic fertilizer, with appropriate chemical fertilizer. Results The fertilization amount of trees increased with the increase of yield. Generally, per 50 kg of fruit, rhizosphere application of 1 kg peanut cake, 0.5 kg urea, 0.5 kg potassium chloride (or potassium sulfate), 0.5 kg calcium superphosphate, 0.5 kg lime and 50 kg soil miscellaneous fertilizer.