Cultivation and management techniques of Platycladus orientalis

With the gradual expansion of planting range of Platycladus orientalis in the buried hill area of Anhui Province, researchers have also formed new techniques for planting Platycladus orientalis. However, it is still necessary to fully grasp the living characteristics of Platycladus orientalis in combination with the actual situation in the buried hill area of Anhui Province, complete the planting work in the appropriate season, give full play to the advantages of technical means such as seedling raising, afforestation and planting, and adopt appropriate methods to improve the quality and benefit of Platycladus orientalis planting, so as to further improve the cultivation and management level of Platycladus orientalis.

Characteristics of Platycladus orientalis 1

Botanical characteristics 1. 1

Platycladus orientalis is a arboreal plant, its growth height can reach about 20m, and its breast height trunk can reach about 1m from the ground. The crown of young Platycladus orientalis trees is pointed and the adult trees are round. Bark is light gray with longitudinal cracks. The leaves are straight or oblique, forming a plane. Platycladus orientalis is a monoecious plant. The female flower is spherical, 2mm in diameter, and the male flower is yellow, round and 2mm in length. The cone length of Platycladus orientalis is 1.5 ~ 2.5 cm, the seed length can reach about 7mm, the flowering period can last for about 4 months, and the cone matures every year10 ~1month.

1.2 ecological characteristics

Platycladus orientalis has strong drought and high temperature resistance, likes light and has low requirements on soil quality. Whether the soil is acidic or slightly saline-alkali, it is suitable for the growth of Platycladus orientalis. The annual precipitation is 300 ~ 1600 mm and the temperature is 6 ~ 18℃, which are all suitable for the growth of Platycladus orientalis. Slightly acidic and alkaline soils are more suitable for young trees to grow. Young trees have a certain cold resistance, but they can't bear too much flooding. Therefore, during the growth of young Platycladus orientalis trees, it is necessary to improve the light conditions so that Platycladus orientalis can receive enough sunlight and grow healthily.

2 Cultivation techniques of Platycladus orientalis

2. 1 Platycladus orientalis seedling raising technology

2. 1. 1 Platycladus orientalis' land selection, soil preparation and fertilization tend to choose flat land with good drainage and fertility conditions to plant seedlings, while ensuring good irrigation conditions. You can't choose low-lying or high-viscosity soil, and you can't choose the windward position to plant Platycladus orientalis.

It is necessary to deeply plough and fertilize the soil in the nursery area to ensure that the soil fertility meets the requirements. Usually, about 25cm; Farmland can be cultivated in autumn; Shallow soil in spring is about 15cm. In the process of ploughing the soil in autumn, 2500 ~ 5000 kg/667 m2 of human manure should be applied together, and then the smoothness of the soil should be restored.

2. 1.2 seed germination treatment before sowing, it is necessary to improve the speed of seed germination, and corresponding technical means can be used for germination treatment. There are many empty grains in the seeds of Platycladus orientalis leaves, which can be washed away first. After that, the seeds were soaked in 0.3% ~ 0.5% copper sulfate solution for 2 hours, which could completely eliminate the diseases in the seeds and finally accelerate germination.

2. 1.3 Seeding of Platycladus orientalis can generally be completed in spring. But the climate in different regions is different, and the sowing time is different. Platycladus orientalis has a long growth cycle. In order to prolong the growth time of saplings, it can be sown in advance according to the climate of the planting area.

2. 1.4 After accelerated germination, the seeds managed by Platycladus orientalis in seedling stage can germinate about 10d after sowing, and enter the seedling stage about 20d, at which time irrigation can be carried out.

2. 1.5 seedling transplanting. Platycladus orientalis left the nursery two years later and transplanted in the next spring. In order to cultivate big green seedlings, it is necessary to transplant them for about three times to cultivate big seedlings with ideal birth conditions, and finally to plant them in the garden.

2.2 Platycladus orientalis planting techniques

2.2. 1 The depth and size of the pit shall be determined according to the specifications of the soil ball, and the pit diameter shall be 40 ~ 100 cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball. If the height of the soil ball is 40 cm, the depth of the pit should be 80 cm.

2.2.2 Gravel is put in the pit mainly to filter water, so as to provide high-quality water for plants. The gravel thickness should be kept at 10 ~ 15 cm.

2.2.3 Planting Platycladus orientalis in the soil type with high fertility and suitable acid and alkali can create a good soil environment for plants without using soil such as concrete. It is more suitable to plant Platycladus orientalis in the buried hill area when the temperature reaches 10 ~ 17℃, usually in March to April every year. Planting can be done through horizontal ditches, and areas with a length of 50cm, a width of 40cm and a height of 30cm can be excavated respectively to intercept the water storage soil. Then put about 20 seeds in each hole and cover it with 3cm thick soil, which can provide good growth conditions for seedlings. In the process of planting Platycladus orientalis, it is necessary to choose suitable planting methods according to the climate characteristics of different regions, so as to ensure the smooth growth of Platycladus orientalis in the buried hill area and obtain ideal planting effect.

2.2.4 matters needing attention in planting

2.2.4. 1 seedling treatment requires a comprehensive inspection of the damage of seedlings on site. If the seedling has a wound, first check whether there is soil near the wound. If it exists, it needs to be cleaned up. Then smooth it with a knife and other tools, and finally apply the medicine to the wound. The wounds on the roots of plants should be treated in the same way. In the process of seedling root system treatment, rooting powder can be used to spread soil balls. The dosage of rooting powder can be determined according to the size and survival rate of trees. Usually, trees with DBH around 10cm can use about 2 packets of rooting powder, and trees with DBH above 20cm can use about 4 packets.

Disinfection of soil in 2.2.4.2 needs to spread disinfectant evenly in into the pit. Pesticides can kill germs in the soil, prevent the roots of plants from being infected by germs in the soil, and affect the growth quality of the whole plant.

2.2.4.3 Scientific Soil Covering Association will put the prepared seedlings in the pit to ensure that the seedlings stand upright and cover the soil evenly. Note that during soil returning, it is necessary to compact the soil around the soil ball with a wooden stick, which can improve the tightness of contact between the soil and the soil ball, and then cover the soil. The thickness of covering soil is about 5 cm. If the soil is thin, the roots of plants will be exposed to the air. If the thickness is too large, it will also reduce the permeability of soil, and plants are more vulnerable to the negative impact of stagnant water.

In the process of fully replenishing water for planting in 2.2.4.4, it is necessary to irrigate in time to replenish water for roots. A steel pipe with a length of about 1m can be tied at the pipe head to ensure that the root fixing water is directly transported to the root and fully soaked. After the watering process is completed, the soil porosity will also increase. At this time, the seedlings should be straightened to avoid damage.

After sufficient watering, the stress capacity of 2.2.4.5 soil will be obviously reduced. At this time, it is necessary to fix the seedlings with the help of poles to avoid damage to the roots of plants for other reasons. Binding needs to be firm to achieve the expected fixing effect. In order to avoid seedling freezing injury, the prevention and control ability of seedling freezing injury can be strengthened by winding straw rope.

3 tending management of Platycladus orientalis

Usually, the tending management of Platycladus orientalis can be done manually. Scientific management of Platycladus orientalis young forest to mature forest can obviously improve the growth quality and growth ability of trees. Under the background of forest farm development, actively optimize the surrounding environment of plant planting area to achieve ecological balance.

3. 1 water and fertilizer management

During tending, we should fully understand and analyze the specific growth of young forests, ensure the completion of loosening soil and weeding in the early stage of planting, and do a good job in irrigation. The above process needs to last for about 3 years. In the specific operation, high-content nitrogen fertilizer should be selected as fertilizer to ensure the effective improvement of chlorophyll in seedlings, realize the regulation effect and enhance the water absorption effect of Platycladus orientalis on the whole level.

3.2 Tending and thinning

In forest farms, tending and thinning can comprehensively promote the smooth implementation of afforestation. Two-year thinning can be implemented in Platycladus orientalis artificial forest area, which can obviously improve the biodiversity of forest area. Through practice, tending higher than medium intensity is more suitable to improve the diversity of Platycladus orientalis and other plants, and proper thinning can also optimize the lighting conditions in forest areas. This can obviously improve the quality of artificial afforestation and maintain the diversity of forest areas. If it is found that the degradation of plants in forest areas poses a threat to the whole ecosystem, it is necessary to rebuild Platycladus orientalis. After two years of thinning of Platycladus orientalis, it can be clearly seen that the quantity and quality of plants have been improved. According to the experience of afforestation in recent years, efficient thinning can improve the diversity level of Platycladus orientalis, at the same time, it can also create more ideal lighting conditions, increase the temperature of forest areas and reduce the probability of pests and diseases.

4 pest control of Platycladus orientalis

4. 1 oriental arborvitae caterpillar

4. 1. 1 Agricultural prevention and control to improve the quality of forest management, select the right time to complete pruning and other processes. The bark of this pest can be girdled and burned during the wintering period, and large-scale larvae can also be culled artificially.

4. 1.2 Physical control uses the phototaxis characteristics of pests and uses black light to trap and kill them.

4. 1.3 biological control and utilization of natural enemies of pests, aiming at the occurrence amount

Small pests are killed, such as parasitic bees.

4. 1.4 chemical control If there are many larvae, measures should be taken to control them as soon as possible. 25% diflubenzuron No.3 was sprayed evenly, and the dosage was 23 ~ 45g/667m2, which could achieve ideal control effect. Attention should be paid to spraying chemicals under the conditions of good weather and low wind.

4.2 Platycladus orientalis leaf blight

The prevention and control measures of this kind of disease are as follows: first, remove the diseased leaves in autumn and winter, and thoroughly eliminate the germs. Focus on the total elimination of winter germs. 2. From May to August, spray 1: 1: 100 bordeaux every half month to prevent diseases. If plants are found to be initially infected, they need to be dug up to avoid large-scale infection. Thirdly, if the density of Platycladus orientalis is too high, it needs to be cut down properly to ensure good light transmission in the forest area and reduce the probability of diseases.

4.3 Leaf Blight of Platycladus orientalis

The prevention and control methods for this kind of diseases are as follows: First, pruning branches reasonably, optimizing and improving the growth conditions of Platycladus orientalis, and reducing the probability of pathogen infection. Secondly, the supply of fertilizer should be appropriately increased to provide good conditions for the growth of Platycladus orientalis. Third, at the peak of ascospores release, 40% carbendazim and other drugs can be used for control. Fourth, select seed types with high disease resistance to improve the resistance of seeds themselves.

5 abstract

With the continuous development of Platycladus orientalis cultivation technology, in the process of comprehensive cultivation of Platycladus orientalis, it is necessary to formulate a more perfect cultivation management plan according to specific cultivation areas, strengthen the application level of Platycladus orientalis cultivation technology, comprehensively improve the application and management level of Platycladus orientalis cultivation technology, and further provide effective protection for the construction and development of forestry resources.