Papaya likes a hot and dry climate. At high temperature, it not only grows fast and prosperously, but also has high sugar content and dark meat color. Slow growth at low temperature, low sugar content and light meat color. The optimum growth temperature is 26-32℃, and the monthly minimum temperature is above 65438 06℃. The growth, fruiting, yield and quality can be normal. Young organs are easily frozen below 5℃ and will die when they encounter frost. Above 35℃, it tends to be male, leading to intermittent fruiting.
Papaya has strong drought resistance, weak moisture resistance, poor drainage and easy root rot, so loam or sandy loam with loose soil, deep soil layer, rich organic matter, low groundwater level, convenient irrigation and drainage, soil pH value of 6-6.5 and good ventilation should be selected. Papaya plants have large leaves and weak wind resistance, so they should avoid the wind and like sunshine, especially in sunny places. 1. Sowing season: Frost often occurs from mid-October to mid-October every year. In order to bear fruit early and prolong the harvest period, sowing is usually carried out from June 10 to June 1 1, so sunny days should be chosen.
2. Soak the seeds to accelerate germination: blanch the seeds with water at 55℃, naturally cool them, disinfect them with 800 times thiophanate methyl for 15 minutes, then wash them with clean water, soak them in clean water for 10 hour, wrap them with wet cloth, accelerate germination at about 35℃, and spray warm water once a day.
3. Seedling raising: In order to improve the seedling rate and make the seedlings robust, Miao Zhuang 1 should be used as the substrate for plug seedling raising, and a film should be covered above the plug to increase the temperature of the seedbed and promote soil breaking. Uncover the film after breaking ground. When the roots of the seedlings are covered with substrate, they are transplanted into a large seedling bag or nutrition cup prepared in advance to raise seedlings, and the soil of the seedlings can be kept in a semi-dry and semi-wet state until it is dry. Build an arched shed on the seedbed, keep it warm with transparent film, and cover it with a film or straw when there is frost to prevent the seedlings from freezing. 1. Nutritional requirements: the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5: 6: 5 in vegetative growth period and 4: 8: 8 in reproductive growth period. The fertilization position should be at the outer edge of the crown, and it is better to spray foliar fertilizer on cloudy days or in the evening.
(1) Growth-promoting fertilizer: new roots will grow 20 days after planting, and water fertilizer or 5‰ urea can be sprayed and fertilized every 10- 15 days, with quick-acting fertilizer as the main fertilizer.
(2) Flower-forcing fertilizer: heavy fertilizer should be applied in time before and after budding to meet the needs of flower bud formation. Nitrogen fertilizer is still the main fertilizer, P and K fertilizers should be applied appropriately, and foliar topdressing should be carried out with flowering essence. (3) Strong fruit fertilizer: In order to meet the needs of fruit development and top fruit setting at fruit stalks, applying heavy fertilizer once a month requires high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and applying organic fertilizers, such as cooked bran and organic bio-fertilizer, and spraying sweet fruit essence on leaves, which is beneficial to improve yield and fruit quality.
2. Water management: the growth and development of papaya need sufficient water, but it is also forbidden to accumulate water and high groundwater level, so as not to cause accumulated water to drain the roots. So we should do a good job of irrigation and drainage. In Meizhou, there is usually more rain in spring and summer, so we should pay attention to deep ditch drainage. Autumn is the full fruit season, so you should irrigate frequently.
3. Thinning branches, flowers and fruits: After planting, the lateral buds should be removed in time, leaving only 65,438+0-2 fruits in each axil. Generally, the fruit setting rate of female plants is high, leaving one fruit. Bisexual plants have obvious intermittent fruits, and some fruits can be left. The remaining flowers and fruits should be thinned in time to facilitate the need of nutrient concentration in the early development of fruits. Fruit thinning should be carried out in a sunny afternoon. At the same time, malformed fruits and pests should be picked in time, and dead old leaves should be removed together with petioles. If there are male plants in the field, they should be cut down as soon as possible.
4, cold and antifreeze: when the cold current and frost come, cover the top of papaya with straw, and the stem is also covered with straw. Meanwhile, straw, weeds, etc. They are piled up in the air inlet of the orchard, covered with soil and used for smoking. Topdressing papaya with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and spraying biological fertilizer.
5. Wind disaster and post-disaster recovery
(1) prevention of wind damage: a, choose a sheltered area for farming; B set up windbreaks, erect columns, and set up windbreaks around papaya appropriately. During the initial recovery, each plant will use three thick bamboos, which will be inserted into a triangle, and the trunk will be wrapped with thick hemp rope plastic belt. Selecting and planting dwarf varieties. D using inverted culture. E pay attention to drainage to prevent plants from being washed and lodging in soft soil.
(2) Disaster treatment: Park A should be drained as soon as possible to avoid root rot. B Fertilize with 0.5% urea aqueous solution or spray on the leaves. C. If the inclination of the plant is too large or the leaves fall off seriously, the plant should be properly supported with supports, and the fruit should be covered with newspapers to avoid sunburn.