Pinus tabulaeformis is a kind of pine tree, an evergreen coniferous tree of Pinaceae, endemic to China. Produced in Northeast China, Central Plains, Northwest China and Southwest China. Wood is rich in turpentine and resistant to corrosion. It is suitable for buildings, furniture, sleepers, columns, poles, man-made fibers and other materials, and has high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Chinese pine!
Growth habit of Pinus tabulaeformis
Pinus tabulaeformis is a light-loving, deep-rooted tree species, and likes dry and cold climate. It can grow well on acidic, neutral or calcareous loess with deep soil layer and good drainage. I was born in southern Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Sichuan, and I was born at an altitude of 100 ~ 2600 meters. Most of them are simple forests, and the vertical distribution gradually increases from east to west and from north to south. There are artificial forests in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces.
Seeding techniques of Pinus tabulaeformis
1. Seed collection: Pinus tabulaeformis, which is 30-50 years old, beautiful in tree shape, dry, strong in stress resistance and free from plant diseases and insect pests, is selected as the mother plant for seed collection. 10 Early cone ripening is the best season for seed collection. The collected cones are dried in a ventilated place. After cleaning the seeds, spray 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for disinfection. After drying, dry storage method was adopted.
2. Container seedling raising: Choose the place where the leeward is sunny and easy to operate as the seedling raising place. Nursery should be ploughed and made into low beds or flat beds. A nutrient bowl with a height of 10 cm and a diameter of 7 cm was used as a seedling container, and sandy loam and fermented cow and horse manure were used as substrates, after disinfection.
3. Accelerating germination and sowing: accelerate germination before sowing seeds of Pinus tabulaeformis. Seeds can be soaked in warm water at 45℃ for 24 hours, then taken out and covered with wet cloth, and sprayed with water every day. After a week, the seed coat can be used for sowing. Before sowing, arrange the nutrition pots neatly on the seedbed, then sow, each nutrition pot sows 5 to 7 seeds, after sowing, cover with plain sand soil, the soil thickness should be more than 2 cm, then spray water, and always keep the pot soil moist.
Disinfection of Pinus tabulaeformis nursery
1, quintozene: 4g of 75% quintozene is used per square meter of nursery, 5g of zineb. After the two drugs are mixed, they are mixed with12kg fine soil and covered when sowing. This method has special effects on the prevention and control of soil-borne anthracnose, damping-off disease and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
2. Formalin: 50 ml of formalin and 65,438+00 kg of water are evenly sprayed on the ground of every square meter of nursery, and then the straw bag or plastic film is covered, and the cover is opened for about 65,438+00 days to let out the gas. Cutting can be planted in 2 days, which has a good effect on controlling damping off, brown spot, angular leaf spot and anthracnose.
3. Bordeaux solution: 2.5 kilograms of Bordeaux solution and 65,438+00 grams of Gasalisan are sprayed on every square meter of nursery soil. Cutting can be planted when the soil is slightly dry, which has obvious effect on controlling black spot disease, spot disease, gray mold, rust disease, brown spot disease and anthracnose.
4. Carbendazim: Carbendazim can control a variety of fungal diseases, and has obvious effects on diseases caused by ascomycetes and fungi. Soil disinfection, 50% wettable powder, 65,438+0.5g per square meter, can prevent and control root rot, stem rot, leaf blight, gray leaf spot and so on. It can also be made into toxic soil and spread on the seedbed according to the ratio of 1∶20.
5. Ferrous sulfate: Treating soil with 3% solution, using 0.5 kg of liquid medicine per square meter, can prevent and treat conifer seedling blight, peach and plum leaf shrinkage disease, and can also treat iron-deficiency flower yellowing.
6. Mancozeb: Mancozeb is an organic sulfur bactericide with strong bactericidal power and can penetrate into plants. After decomposition in plants, it still has certain fertilizer efficiency. Dissolving 350 times mancozeb solution in 50% water, and pouring 3 kg diluent per square meter of nursery soil can prevent and control flower black spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew and damping off, and can also effectively prevent and control many bulb diseases.
7. Aseptic: Aseptic is effective, slag can be evenly mixed and scattered into tree holes, which can effectively prevent root diseases and underground pests. Soil disinfection should be carried out before sowing.
Seedling raising techniques of Pinus tabulaeformis
1. Soil preparation and bed making: Before soil preparation, apply 50 kilograms of ferrous sulfate, then turn over 20 centimeters with a shovel, and then level the bed. Border width 1.5 m, length 20-50 m, ridging as bed, planting seedlings at 65438 about 50 cm.
2. Dig a pit to plant seedlings: when planting Chinese pine, fix one row in each border, pit 30× 30cm, and leave 4-5cm of loose soil. If the soil ball is packed with straw rope, it can be untied. If it is packed with nylon rope and plastic, it must be untied to avoid the consequences of planting dead seedlings. After planting seedlings, level the border and water it. If the seedling leaves turn yellow, it is iron deficiency, and ferrous sulfate should be applied.
3. Fertilizer and water management: After planting Pinus tabulaeformis, water should be applied twice a week, then the soil should be loosened to keep moisture, and water should be poured again in early May. After that, if the weather is not dry, fertilizer can be applied once in June and ferrous sulfate can be applied once in August. Dig a hole in the edge of the plant and apply it. Weeding can be done once every 20 days, which requires careful and meticulous work. Generally, it is as deep as 4 to 5 cm, requiring even weeding, no loosening and clean weeding.
4. Shaping of Pinus tabulaeformis: Shaping and pruning is a necessary management technology, which aims to ensure that the tree shape of Pinus tabulaeformis is beautiful, neat, consistent and grows well, and will not affect the construction of public welfare facilities and people's lives in the city. What measures should be taken depends on the specific purpose, location, space occupation and artistic modeling of greening. Generally, it is inseparable from removing redundant branches, pests and diseases, and loosening long branches with inappropriate growth direction.
5. Pest control: The principle of "timely detection, active control and slight treatment" should be followed in the pest control of greening Pinus tabulaeformis, and drug control should be organized in time after pests and diseases are found in the growing season. In winter, the trunk should be painted white or sprayed with sulfur mixture to eliminate the eggs and pupae on the trunk.
Cold protection of Pinus tabulaeformis
1. Covering the soil for cold protection: Covering the soil for cold protection refers to burying the overwintering seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis in the soil all winter, so that the soil of the seedlings and seedbeds of Pinus tabulaeformis can keep a certain temperature, which is not affected by external unfavorable factors such as rapid temperature change. At the same time, it can reduce water transpiration and soil water evaporation of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, maintain a certain amount of soil water, help maintain water balance in seedlings, and effectively prevent freeze injury and death of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings caused by physiological drought.
2. Cover the seedbed with straw or weeds, wheat straw, etc. Prevent frostbite. In early winter, the soil should be covered when it freezes, and the thickness is slightly smaller than that of seedlings. When it snows for the first time, the grassland should be shaken to make the snow fall into the gap between the rows of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, so as to avoid further snowfall crushing the seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis. Weeding should be done 2 ~ 3 times before emergence in spring 1 week to avoid premature weeding and freezing damage to Chinese pine seedlings. Before covering with grass, if the seedbed is too dry, irrigation can be carried out to keep the soil moist, but irrigation is not suitable after the soil is frozen.
3. Obstacle prevention and cold prevention method: For evergreen conifer seedlings or some precious tree species and newly introduced broadleaf seedlings, when their growth is weak, obstacles can be used for cold prevention. In the cold-proof area and heel area, a whole bundle of straw is placed every 20 ~ 25 meters as a cold-proof barrier. The cold barrier should be removed twice 3 ~ 5 days before emergence in spring, and it is not advisable to remove it prematurely. Roadblocks can not only reduce the wind speed and reduce the chilling injury of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings, but also help to maintain soil moisture, increase snow and effectively prevent spring drought.
4. Winter irrigation cold-proof method: The test results in various places show that coniferous seedlings such as Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica can adopt winter irrigation cold-proof method. Mongolia and arborvitae. Plough the furrow (or border) into a deep furrow, cover both sides of the furrow (border) with ploughed soil, and irrigate both sides of the furrow (border) before the soil freezes, so as to keep sufficient water for Chinese pine seedlings and soil, so as to meet the small amount of water consumption during the overwintering of Chinese pine seedlings and avoid and alleviate the physiological drought phenomenon.
5. White coating cold-proof method: White coating cold-proof has certain effect on overwintering cold-proof of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. The specific method is to prepare 1: 1.5 Bordeaux solution with increased lime content, add paste emulsion and spray it on Chinese pine seedlings. Spraying time is about before the soil freezes. Throughout the winter, the appearance of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings is gray, which can not only reflect sunlight and prevent the temperature from changing sharply, but also block the stomata of leaves, inhibit transpiration, protect seedlings and prevent diseases.
6. Film cold-proof method: This cold-proof method is widely used in production. Seedbed seedlings such as spruce, fir, yew, arborvitae and juniper are used as sowing seedlings. It is simple and easy to support the seedbed into an arch with iron bars and bamboo pieces, cover it with plastic film to make a small arch shed, and bury it with soil around it. Plastic arch shed can be covered with thick grass curtain, which plays a role in preventing cold and keeping warm.
7. Chemical prevention and control method: use antifreeze to spray antifreeze before freezing, usually 3 ~ 5 times.