Fruit tree experts are busy all year round, going to the fields to guide fruit farmers to prune.
No matter the trunk shape and Y-shaped new tree shape being popularized now, they should be trimmed according to the specifications, and the happy shape pruning of peach trees should also be standardized.
One is the period of pruning peach trees all year round.
Pruning of peach trees is generally divided into dormancy (winter) pruning and growth (summer) pruning. Pruning in winter can generally be carried out after defoliation in winter 15 days and before germination in the next year. However, considering many factors, such as peeling in winter, dry wound and freezing injury of branches and buds, early spring pruning is better in the Yellow River basin and northern and southern regions of China. Pruning can be done at any time during the growing season as needed.
Pruning began to be considered after defoliation in winter. This is the winter pruning training in Feixian County.
Second, the method of pruning peach trees all year round.
1, long tip pruning
When pruning in winter, 1 year-old branches are mainly thinning and throwing branches, which are basically not short. Most of the 1 annual branches left after pruning during dormancy are medium-long fruit branches, which are relatively long. Therefore, compared with the traditional short branch pruning, it is called long branch pruning and single branch regeneration in fruit tree cultivation.
When pruning in winter, 1 year-old branches are mainly thinning and throwing branches, which are basically not short. Most of the 1 annual branches left after pruning during dormancy are medium-long fruit branches, which are relatively long. Therefore, compared with the traditional short branch pruning, it is called long branch pruning and single branch regeneration in fruit tree cultivation.
The fruit branches are not cut short, which is the application of pruning the long tips of Y-shaped peach trees.
After light cutting and long release, the germination rate and branching ability are high, but the growth of branches is not strong and the total growth is large, which can disperse nutrients and promote branching and flowering. For young trees and flourishing trees, the application of light cutting and long release can alleviate the growth potential and be beneficial to early fruiting. Throwing planting can reduce the vegetative growth of new shoots, alleviate the growth potential of trees and promote the reproductive growth of trees. The research and popularization of peach tree pruning method is a major change in peach tree cultivation technology in China.
This is the application of long tip pruning in trunk modeling.
Pruning peaches with long tips is very fruity.
This method has been popularized in Lao Xu for 15 years, and the effect is good, but it still needs to be worked hard.
2. Shortcuts
Short cutting is to cut off part of annual branches to enhance branching ability, reduce branching position and enhance the growth potential of new shoots. According to the degree of cutting, it can be divided into light cutting, medium cutting, heavy cutting and extremely heavy cutting. At present, peach tree pruning is always long branch pruning, and short cutting is often used to eliminate competitive branches. Through the application of this method, the competitive advantage is eliminated, the grade difference is widened, and the bearing branches are cultivated directly on the main branches.
Competing branches on a heavy and short trunk
In summer, the main branches of peach trees are cut short.
3, refinement
Cutting branches completely from the base is called thinning, which is also called thinning. Thinning is mainly to make the density of branches moderate and evenly distributed, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown, and enhance the ability of new shoot development and flower bud differentiation. Generally, branches that are too dense, overlapping, crossing, competitive and infested are thinned.
In summer, competitive branches with serious shading are removed to solve the problem of ventilation and light transmission.
Sparse and dense fruit branches
4. Shrinkage and shearing
For the bearing perennial branches, cutting off a part from the 2-3-year-old branches is called "shrinkage cutting", also called "retraction", which can adjust the growth, rationally use the space, get through the light, renew and rejuvenate.
Retract the fruiting branches and concentrate nutrition.
Retract fruiting branch group
As a result, the branch retracts.
Step 5: Wipe the bud to sprout.
After the peach buds germinate, it is called bud wiping to wipe off the excess buds at the top and the competitive clustered buds under the cutting saw. When the bud grows to 5 cm after germination, it is called germination to pick off the bud in time. Generally, two branches can be removed, leaving one, and the angle and direction can be adjusted according to the requirements of shaping. For young trees, the extended branches should be removed from the weak branches, and the back branches should be removed to make the weak branches disappear completely. Brush sprouting can reduce useless branches, save tree nutrients, improve lighting conditions and reduce serious injuries caused by thinning branches in winter.
Erase too many buds to reduce the workload of summer pruning.
6, coring and pruning (removal)
In the growing season, the tender part of the front end of the growing new shoot is cut off by hand or scissors to limit the elongation and growth of the new shoot. The main purpose of coring pruning is to control vegetative growth in time and promote the germination and growth of secondary and tertiary branches of trees. It is often used for rapid shaping of young trees and regeneration of branches to promote the transformation of trees from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Pruning in growing season must be the part of new shoots that is not completely lignified, especially in rainy areas or seasons. Pruning lignified parts in growing season is likely to cause gummosis. Peach trees in northern varieties generally begin to branch when the new shoots grow to 20-30cm, and the new shoots on the back generally start to branch at around 15-20cm.
The core of vigorous part is to control vigorous growth and promote branching.
Step 7 get the branches
In the early stage of semi-lignification of new shoots, touching the upright branches with hands from the base to the top and twisting the branches without damaging the xylem is called taking branches or stroking them. Taking branches can hinder nutrient transport, slow down growth potential, and benefit nutrient accumulation, thus achieving the purpose of flowering and fruiting.