Begonia is one of the flowers and trees with high ornamental value because of its soft branches, luxuriant leaves, many flowers and swaying trees. It is often planted by the lake, stream or in front of buildings in gardens, and can be planted in pairs, rows or single trees.
It can also be used as a potted plant for viewing.
Begonia is a small deciduous tree, 5 meters high.
The branches are stretched and purple when they are young.
The leaves are ovoid or ovoid, 4 ~ 8 cm long, the base is wedge-shaped, the serrations are dark or nearly entire, the quality is thick, the surface is shiny, and the petioles and edges are often purplish red.
More than 4 ~ 7 flowers are clustered at the top of branchlets, fresh rose red, calyx purple, pedicel slender and drooping, purple.
Fruit obovate, purple.
The flowering period is April-May, and the fruit maturity is 9-65438+1October.
There are varieties such as double-petal begonia and white-petal begonia.
Begonia likes sunshine and is not tolerant of shade, so it is suitable for planting in the south of the building.
Cold tolerance is not strong.
Suitable for deep and fertile clay loam.
Begonia is a jointed branch, which is not dry enough, and the branches are long and short. Short branches are flower branches, usually in the middle of the trunk or main branch. Long branches are vegetative branches, which are usually distributed in the upper part of the crown and can be used to expand the crown.
The terminal flower buds are mixed buds, which differentiate in summer and autumn.
It grows twice a year, germinates in early April, blooms and leaves in mid-April, and shoots at the same time. Spring shoots grow at the peak in the first half of June, stop growing from the end of June to the beginning of July, and flower buds differentiate from July to August. Autumn shoots grow in early August and fall leaves in11~ 65438+February.
Under natural growth conditions, Malus pendula branches and its crown is vacuum, which is very suitable for whole cutting into vacuum layers. The plastic zone varies from 80 ~ 120cm, with 3 ~ 4 branches as a layer, which develops in layers, and the main branches gradually decrease from bottom to top.
After the seedlings survive grafting, they should be cultured in the middle stem for 1 ~ 2 years. When the height of the plastic band is above 1 ~ 1.3 meters, the top of the seedling should be cut off, and the new buds germinated by cutting buds should be cultured into the middle stem extension branches, and then 3 ~ 4 new buds germinated by axillary buds should be selected in turn to be cultured into the first layer of skeleton branches.
In the second year, 2 ~ 3 secondary main branches were cultured on the extension branches of the middle trunk in the same way as the second layer skeleton branches, and the middle trunk was cut off. In this case, the inclined middle trunk is not cut off, and a few side branches on the main branch are selected.
In the third year, 1 ~ 2 lateral branches were selected as skeleton branches on the secondary main branches.
It is required that there is a certain distance between the main branches on the middle trunk, and the evacuation is distributed on the middle trunk and cannot overlap each other.
Usually, when there is no special contradiction between big branches, don't remove them easily.
After the skeleton of Malus pendula is basically formed, the main task is to cultivate the secondary branches and their upper branches, form a large flower branch group, and bloom in large numbers.
At first, this kind of branches is small in number and large in space, so it is generally not suitable for short cutting, but suitable for long-term growth and natural growth.
In the second year, 2 ~ 3 long branches can be produced at the top, and medium and short branches can be formed in the middle.
With the increase of secondary branches, it is necessary to trim them properly to promote the buds at the base to sprout branches gradually and prevent baldness at the back.
The specific method is to cut off 1 ~ 2 long branches at the top of the secondary lateral branches, and cut short the long branches under the mouth, so that they can continue to form long branches and expand the crown.
The branch back is short and the medium-sized flower branch is too long, so the top can be cut off appropriately.
You can usually make it smoke and bloom.
In the future, the long branches at the tip and the short branches at the back will be treated in this way every year, so that the small lateral branches or large flower branches will be retracted and updated alternately every year, which can generally be maintained within a certain range and should not be expanded too fast.
After several years, when the branches are aging, healthy branches can be selected from the base or nearby as regenerated branches, and the old branches can be gradually retracted alternately.