Latin name Rosa. Rosaceae
[scientific classification]
Field: Plant kingdom
Phylum: Angiosperms (Magnolia)
Class: Magnolianae
Target: Rosales.
Family: Rosaceae.
Subdivision; Rosasubfamily
Alias wild rose, wild rose, thorn rose, thorn rose, wild rose, rose.
Rosaceae
The low hills, streams, forest margins and shrubs originated in the Yellow River valley and south of China are widely cultivated in China, and also distributed in Korea and Japan. Wild roses are naturally distributed in streams, roadsides, gardens, corners and other places. They are often densely clustered and covered with bright branches. After light rain or morning dew, the petals are red and soaked, and the scenery is quite good.
Roses are mainly distributed in China people's literary works, daily life and spoken language, generally referring to yellow roses and wild roses. Strictly speaking, except for a few roses and Muxianghua, the genus Rosa is all called roses, and each kind of rose has adjectives in front of it, such as dwarf rose, Tibetan rose and multi-glandular lobular rose. There are about 200 species of this genus in the world, with great variation and many varieties, and there are many horticultural species, which are mostly produced in temperate, subtropical and tropical mountainous areas in the northern hemisphere.
Morphological characteristics of deciduous shrubs. Plants are clustered, spreading or climbing, branchlets are slender, not erect, usually prickly and glabrous. Leaves alternate, odd pinnate compound leaves, 5-9 leaflets, obovate or elliptic, sharp apex, sharply serrated edges, pubescent on both sides, pubescent or glandular hairs on leaf axis and stalk; Stipules are connate with the base of leaf axis, with toothed edges and glandular hairs. Conical cymes are formed from many flowers, with a flower diameter of 2~3cm. There are 5 petals, the apex is slightly concave, the wild rose is single petal, and there are also double petal cultivated varieties. Flowers are red, white, pink, yellow, purple, black and other colors, most of which are red, and Huang Qiangwei is the top grade with fragrance. It blooms once a year from May to June. The fruit is nearly spherical, reddish-brown or purple-brown, about 6mm in diameter, smooth and hairless.
Growth habit Rosa likes sunshine, is tolerant to semi-shade and cold, and can overwinter in the open field in most parts of northern China. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, but it grows well in deep, loose, fertile and moist soil with smooth drainage, and can also grow normally in cohesive soil. Not resistant to water and humidity, avoiding water accumulation. When planting new plants, decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied. In the first year or two after frost planting, base fertilizer can be applied once a year in late autumn to facilitate growth and flowering. Strong germination, pruning resistance and pollution resistance.
The main varieties commonly cultivated are: pink rose, with large flower shape, single petal, pink or rose red, and multiple flowers clustered in an umbrella house; Lotus roses, double flowers, pink to pink, mostly clustered; Seven Sisters, double flower, dark pink, often 7 ~ 10 flowers clustered together, with fragrance; Bai Yutang, white, double, often clustered with 7 ~ 10 flowers.
Propagation and cultivation of roses
type
Seeds can be used to raise seedlings, but in production, cuttings are often used to raise seedlings in the same year, which is easy to survive. Rare varieties are not easy to cut, and can be propagated by layering or grafting. Asexual seedlings can bloom in the same year. For the seedlings used as potted flowers, the older branches of fine varieties should be selected, and the seedlings should be raised by layering method, and the main buds should be trimmed and artificially dwarfed. For seedlings used as cut flowers, we should choose varieties that can form mother branches and have large and bright flowers.
cultivate
There are many similarities between rose cultivation and rose cultivation, but it is more extensive than rose management. Plant spacing should not be less than 2m. From germination in early spring to flowering period, water 3 ~ 4 times as appropriate according to weather conditions to keep the soil moist. If the drought at this time will greatly reduce the number of flowers, then the summer drought will be watered 2 ~ 3 times. Pay attention to timely drainage and flood control in rainy season. Because roses are afraid of waterlogging, waterlogging is easy to rot their roots. Water should be poured 2 ~ 3 times in autumn as appropriate. Be careful not to accumulate water in the roots of plants when watering all year round. Apply 1 ~ 2 times pancake fertilizer and water in bud stage, with good color and lasting flowering period.
Pruning is an indispensable and important process in rose landscaping. If it is not trimmed properly, it will grow into a pile of thorns and be uneven, which will not only cause many pests and diseases, but also be unsightly. Generally speaking, adult plants are pruned once a year in spring before germination. The pruning amount should be moderate. Generally, the main branch (main vine) can be kept within 1.5m, and the rest can be cut off. It is enough to leave 3 ~ 5 buds at the base of each lateral branch. At the same time, thinning dead branches, weak branches, pests and diseases, cutting off branches that are too old and too dense, promoting the germination of new branches and constantly updating old plants can flourish every year.
The longer plants grow, the more flowers they bloom, and the more nutrients they need. Every winter, it is necessary to fertilize the soil 1 time to keep the shoots and buds lush and beautiful. Cultivate potted flowers and pay more attention to pruning and shaping. Because of the large flower yield, cut flowers need to be fertilized 1~2 times a week in flower season. Pay attention to cultivating mother branches and cutting off buds on weak branches.
Pests and diseases and their control
There are few pests and diseases of wild roses, and insect pests such as sawfly, rose sawfly, scale insect, aphid, scorched leaf disease, canker and black spot often occur in artificial cultivation. In addition to spraying with liquid medicine, it should be used in coordination with other flowers and trees, and it is not advisable to plant too much in one place. Every winter, pruning old branches and dense branches frequently, keeping light and good ventilation can reduce pests and diseases.
The Application of Rose and Flower Language
App application
In Rosaceae, the rose, the Chinese rose and the Chinese rose flower stand in three pillars. Roses are strong, bloom in early summer, and the flowers are lush, bright and fragrant. It can be used for vertical greening, arranging flower walls, flower gates, flower galleries, flower stands, flower lattices, flower styles, green corridors and green pavilions, embellishing slopes and pool slopes, and decorating building walls or flower fences. It is also an excellent rootstock for grafting Chinese rose. In addition, Rosa davurica has high economic value, from which aromatic oil and essence can be extracted. The seeds and roots of wild roses can also be used as medicine.
Arima
The flower language of roses represents beautiful love and missing love. Blooming roses make people yearn for love, but love is not just a beautiful dream. Although the flowers will fade, the favorite in my heart will never fade. Roses are the beginning of love and the oath of love. All kinds of rose words are: red rose stands for love; Pink roses represent vows of love; White roses represent pure love; Huang Qiangwei stands for eternal smile; A deep red rose means that I just want to be with you; Pink roses represent that I want to spend my life with you; Cerrito represents the memory of love; Wild roses represent romantic love and so on.
A work of singing roses
Sing on a rose
Xie Tiao in Southern and Northern Dynasties
Dwarf trees are better than leaves, and the light fragrance increases from the initial calyx of communication, and the rest are still red.
New flowers are contrary to the sun, so flowers follow the wind. Who wants to expect micro-bundles?
Ode to a rose poem
Jiang Hong in Southern and Northern Dynasties
When the family is a rose, the branches and leaves are too dense. If you don't shake the incense, it will be chaotic.
Spring boudoir can't be quiet, open the box and go to Feiming. Quchi floating mining, inclined bank Leyi one.
Or smell the sound and come to see you when I get it. And to be clear, let the rest be right or wrong.
rose
Tang Zhu Qingyu
Hanging frame around, dense, floating in the clear summer. Green saves the thorn, red falls sad.
Bees must be tired of powder, and butterflies' wings are bright. The rain looks good, and the feeling is worth it.
rose
Tang Qiji
It is like a rose, with beauty and thorns. The incense is high and the moss is red.
Go and see the idle people, and the butterfly will come in in the sunshine. Put the peony for a few days, and the sales will rest until the dust settles.
[Rosa multiflora]
Don Dumu
The leaves are soft and the rain is intoxicating.
Is Zhang still there? Lazy in the wind, not gathering at night.
Song of red roses
Tangwanggu
Xia Hong spilt orangutan blood, while Grandma Yaochi basked in immortals.
In the evening, it is striking, and the machine of Shu is colorful and suspicious.
The fragrance of the childe pavilion touches people, and the flowers are full of spirits.
Giurossi should be jealous when she sees it. The scenery is new every year.
[Huang Qiangwei]
Song Hongshi
Bronze finches receive red warmth, and Jinmen gives bow clothes. If there is no fiber on the bone, it must be thin when it is taken off.
[Huang Qiangwei]
Zhang Qing zhong ying
Get the rose seed, a new makeup Taoist. When the spring breeze comes here, it seems disgusting.
Bamboo helps the dew, and the wall covers the sunset. The strip is self-supporting and has several flowers.
[Rosa multiflora]
Don Dumu
The leaves are soft and the rain is intoxicating.
Is Zhang still there? Lazy in the wind, not gathering at night.