1, topping (also called topping)
Denucleation refers to the removal of the top or bud tip of the growing shoots. The purpose of coring is to restrain its height, dwarf the plant and increase the number of branches, thus forming a plump and sturdy plant shape. Picking the core will also inhibit growth and delay flowering.
2. Pruning (light pruning and heavy pruning)
(1) light pruning can be carried out during plant dormancy or growth period. Light pruning only cuts off diseased branches, insect branches, overlapping branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and over-flourishing branches, so that the interior of the plant is ventilated and transparent, the branches are evenly distributed, the nutrients are concentrated on the effective branches, and the growth and flowering are promoted.
(2) Heavy pruning (short pruning) is to cut short most branches. Generally, it is carried out during plant dormancy or when the growth potential is low. If you cut it again when the growth potential is strong, it will easily hurt its vitality, have poor growth and recover its growth potential very slowly. Re-cutting can cut off the upper part near the base of the plant to lower the starting point of new branches and dwarf the plant.
Pay attention to the direction of leaving buds when pruning, and leave inner buds when new branches need to grow upwards; When you want to spread the new branches, leave the lateral buds. The incision should be inclined to prevent water from rotting. The remaining buds should be cut on the other side, which is higher than the remaining buds 1 cm, neither too high nor too low. If the whole branch is cut off, it should be close to the bifurcation, and no residual piles can be left.
3, picking leaves, jumping hard to pick flowers and fruits.
(1) Leaf picking is to remove leaves that are aging, consume nutrients or are too dense, as well as leaves that affect the illumination of flower buds. Pick some leaves to promote the growth of new leaves and buds. For example, removing old leaves of white orchids and hibiscus flowers can promote the growth of new leaves and flower buds.
Some flowers go through dormancy, the leaves are disordered, the size of the leaves is irregular, and the length of the petiole is also very different, so the disproportionate leaves should be sorted out.
(2) Bud thinning is to remove the overgrown buds. There are too many buds on a single plant, insufficient nutrition supply and small flower density, which is not conducive to viewing.
Sparse buds can make the flowering period neat and consistent. For example, the smaller or larger buds of rhododendron are removed, leaving buds of the same size, and the flowers will be neat and consistent when they bloom. Of course, when thinning buds, we should pay attention to the uniform distribution of flowers on the whole plant to avoid forming gaps. Cherish the buds and stagger the flowering period. For example, carnations can stagger the flowering period by picking off buds, so as to prolong the flowering time and meet the demand for flowers in different periods. In order to make the main bud have sufficient nutrition supply, the lateral buds should be peeled off after bud formation. If the flowers with large leaves and good shape of Chinese rose are cultivated in a centralized way, 2 ~ 3 lateral buds should be peeled off from the edge of the main bud.
(3) Picking flowers refers to removing residual flowers and incomplete and stiff flowers. After the azalea blooms, the residual flowers remain for a long time, which affects the growth of buds and branches and needs to be removed in time.
(4) Picking fruits means picking too many small fruits to ensure that the remaining fruits can get enough nutrition.
Step 4 nip the bud
Bud wiping is to wipe off the young lateral buds on the branches. Its purpose is to reduce excessive lateral branches, thus reducing nutrient loss and making the remaining branches thrive.
The above methods are not independent of each other in the process of use. In practical use, the two are integrated and complement each other. Plants should pay attention to the characteristics of each plant when modeling. For plants with soft branches, such as potted clover, it can be made to droop like a waterfall, or it can be made into hemispherical potted plants, or it can be made into various shapes by binding. Shrub plants such as Lonicera Lushan can be pruned into spheres or low shrubs. However, the shape of plum blossom can only be achieved by pruning instead of binding, which will make plum blossom lose its unique pride.