Newts often live in cracks in bark, rotten wood or fallen leaves, and like wet and dark environment. If they are at home, they are usually in the bathroom.
morphological character
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Newt (2 pieces)
Insect length 10- 16 mm, 2-2. 5 mm wide, narrow and flat body, nearly square chest, nine abdomen, dark brown, shiny appearance. The adult's forelegs are short and truncated, and the leathery body has veins and no hind wings. The hip plate is large, the tail section is small, and the back of the front chest back plate is not narrow; The back of the middle chest backboard was cut off. The three pairs of feet are similar, the hock joint is three joints, and there are a pair of unsegmented tail whiskers at the end of the abdomen, which are hard and iron-shaped. Generally, the tail of male insects is longer than that of female insects, and there is a tooth on the inside of the tail. Once disturbed, it will crawl quickly and rush into soil cracks or brick weeds. It is an omnivorous insect.
Living habits
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Newt (2 pieces)
Newt is a kind of insect that gradually metamorphoses. Nymphs are similar to adults, but the small antenna nodes of nymphs are few and oval, which often occur in soil cracks around mushroom beds. Female insects have the habit of protecting eggs and have a wide range of food. Generally, they feed on flowers, leaves and decaying animal and plant residues, and they can also prey on small insects. Mayflies don't sleep during the day and come out at night, so they are agile. In summer, you can see them preying on small moths under the light, and often use tail iron to lift their prey into their mouths. Mayflies like to live under weeds, bricks and rotten wood with moist soil and rich organic matter. According to our observation on indoor rearing, salamanders can also harm Pleurotus ostreatus and like to eat straw mushrooms. In the straw mushroom bed, it can not only eat mycelium and fruiting body, but also eat rotten mushroom residue and mushroom fly larvae in the culture medium. ? [ 1]?
1. One-year life history: Japanese salamander overwinters as adults and nymphs in the soil of northern Jiangxi, and the overwintering adults begin to move, feed and reproduce in late April or early May of the following year. Spawning begins from mid-May to late June. Two generations can occur in this area throughout the year.
2. Activity: Japanese salamander is a nocturnal insect, which hides in the ground or in the litter or the bracts of cotton bolls during the day and comes out in cloudy days or in the evening. The female worm has a pile of ten eggs, and has a strong habit of protecting eggs. Once they are frequently frightened or encounter inappropriate situations, they will move their eggs or eat them. Adults have phototaxis.
3. Predation: As the most common predatory natural enemy insect in sugarcane field, Zaostinkbug has the characteristics of strong adaptability to the environment, relatively long life span, many kinds of predatory pests and wide range of insect states, and has great application potential. ? [2]? According to the indoor determination (1987), it can prey on 46 kinds of insects and many pests of cotton, such as black cutworm, cotton bollworm, cotton bridge builder, Jin Gangzuan Ding Dian, Spodoptera litura, red bollworm, short-fronted locust, cotton aphid and so on. In particular, the cotton aphid preys heavily, and an adult Japanese salamander can prey on cotton aphid 179.20 every day on average, up to 275 at most.
Reproductive characteristics
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Newt (5 pieces)
Development belongs to gradual transformation. 1 generation occurs in 1 year. Eggs are fertile, and females can lay up to 90 eggs. Oval, white. Nymphs are 4 ~ 5 years old, and their appearance is similar to that of adults, but their tails are thin and spike-shaped. Wing buds appear at the second instar and overwinter as eggs. Female insects have the habit of protecting eggs and raising young. Female insects lay eggs in caves under rocks or soil, and then lie on or guard the eggs. Young nymphs live with their mother.
Subspecies distribution
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There are nearly 2000 known species in the world.
earwig
, abundant in tropical and subtropical regions, the species number decreases from temperate zone to cold zone, but it is also distributed in the mountains above 5000 meters above sea level in Himalayan region. China Distribution: Beijing, Hubei, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Tibet and Xinjiang. 2 1 1 species have been recorded in China. There are 65,438+00 families and more than 65,438+0,000 species of Dermatoptera in the world. There are 42 known species in Taiwan Province province, and the common species are about 10 to 25mm long, but no China people are engaged in related taxonomic research. ? [3]?
Shared species
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1, Chinese name: Japanese salamander
Corn-eating salamander
Latin scientific name: Rabidula De Haan.
Class: Insecta
Order: Tinea cutis
Family: salamander family
Functional class: predatory natural enemies
Host insects: black cutworm, cotton bollworm, cotton bridge builder, Jin Gangzuan Ding Dian, Spodoptera litura, red bollworm, short-fronted negative locust and cotton aphid.
Host crop: cotton
2. Chinese name: crab salamander
Latin scientific name: Titan
earwig
Class: Insecta
Objective: Dermatoptera: Crab: 400 species.
This kind of salamander has short feet, most of them lack hind wings, and some species don't even have short and hard front wings. Many species are dark, with dark brown, black or red with yellow or red spots. Antennas are less than 20 nodes, and there are a pair of short abdominal tail pliers, but males can be asymmetrical.
3. Chinese name: common salamander Latin scientific name: Auricularia auricula
Class: Insecta
Order: Tinea cutis
Family: Coccidae.
Number of species: 450
This slender salamander is changeable in appearance, but it is usually dark brown or dark brown, with dull feet and linear antennae. The tail pliers of male salamander abdomen are highly curved, while the tail pliers of female salamander abdomen are relatively straight.
4. Chinese name: red salamander Latin scientific name: Labidura riparia
Class: Insecta
Order: Tinea cutis
Family: salamander family
Number of species: 75
Also known as the long-legged salamander, it is an active species with reddish brown because of its long antennae. They usually have wings, although some species have no wings. Common species have dark stripes on the back plate and wing sheath of the chest.
Newts protect eggs.
It is only a rumor that salamanders breed in their ears, and there is no scientific basis.
The reason is:
1 No matter how vicious the worm is, it can only bite through the eardrum and the soft tissue in the ear, but will not enter the brain, because there are hard bones around the brain to protect it. In other words, the brain grows in a cavity surrounded by many bones.
This rumor only comes from the literal translation of the English name of the earworm, so named because the wings of the earworm look like human ears when they are completely open.
Newt's nest is usually under the stone or in the soil, so it is impossible to get into mammals. The clips on their tails are only used for protection, predation and mating.
Preventive and control measures
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Epiphyllum diagram
(a) agricultural control: on the basis of understanding and mastering the life habits of salamanders, the following control measures can be taken; 1, clean up the garbage such as bricks, leaves, weeds and waste around the mushroom bed; 2. Try not to use unhurried manure around the mushroom bed, and appropriately reduce the bran in the straw mushroom culture material to achieve uniform decomposition during fermentation; 3. Drain water around the mushroom bed, fill the ditch with water, and cut off the foreign insect source.
(2) chemical control. According to the experiment, the more effective method is: every square meter 1,13g of mushroom powder, mixed with dry fine soil for 20 times, sprayed on the bed surface and ridges in time after spraying water on the mushroom bed to kill insects. 2. Hang dichlorvos cotton balls in the shed, one for every two. 5 meters, put down the film for closed fumigation, which can achieve the purpose of avoiding insects and reducing harm. 3. When serious, put a piece of aluminum phosphide (about 3. 3g) When Volvariella volvacea is in full bloom, it is covered with plastic film every 2-3m2 on the surface of the culture medium immediately, and then it is compacted around. After 29 hours, the film is uncovered and ventilated, which can not only kill pests in the mushroom bed, but also not affect the growth of Volvariella volvacea. ? [ 1]?
Indoor prevention and control methods
Try to keep the house dry, especially the bathroom clean. You can buy a bottle of insecticide aerosol and spray it when you see it!
However, I suggest you do a good job in indoor hygiene. As long as you keep good indoor hygiene, this kind of bug won't settle in your home.
Its governance should emphasize prevention and comprehensive management.
1, pay attention to the cleanliness of the home. 2, physical and mechanical prevention: control the atmosphere, lighting.
3. Chemical control: spray methyl pyridinethione or methyl bromide for fumigation (fumigation is very harmful to human body, so pay attention to ventilation in time after fumigation, and it is dangerous to enter after the smoke dissipates, so use it with caution).
4. Biological control: controlling pests through pathogenic microorganisms or natural enemies.