The ancient Egyptians believed that life would continue after death, and a complete corpse was a necessary place for the soul to inhabit the afterlife. Therefore, they are equally concerned about preserving their bodies after death and maintaining their health before death. Mummification is a unique tradition in ancient Egypt, and it is also a special legacy left by ancient Egyptian civilization to future generations.

Mummification technology is gradually accumulated and perfected in long-term practice. The ancient Egyptians left no record of mummification methods for future generations. Herodotus and Theodore Ju Lushi once talked about what they heard in their works. The detailed research and chemical analysis results confirmed their statement.

Mummification mainly uses sodium oxide produced in parts of Egypt, especially in Netron depression, to completely dry the body. The producer first sucks out the brain marrow through the nasal cavity and injects drugs to clean the brain. Then make an incision in the abdomen and take out organs such as lung, stomach and intestine, leaving only the heart and kidney in the body. Then wash the body cavity with coconut wine and mashed spices, fill it with resin, linen impregnated with resin and sawdust, and sew it as it is. The test questions should be completely buried in sodium oxide and dried. After 70 days, the producer took out the body, cleaned it, coated it with ointment and spices, wrapped it tightly with a lot of linen, and then coated it with resin. When dressing, start with fingers, toes, even limbs and the whole body. At the same time, special attention should be paid to prevent nails from falling off. The incision in the abdomen is covered with a dish, which symbolizes Horace's "perfect eyes". Mummies wrapped in this way maintain their shape before dehydration. Some mummies have a head and a special mask, which vividly shows the face of the deceased before his death. The dressing technique of mummies reached its peak in the 22nd dynasty. At that time, the internal organs of the body were put back into the body after treatment.

After drying, the internal organs taken from the corpse are also wrapped in linen, put into special jars or boxes, and stored in the tomb. Amulets and dung beetle statues (or scarabs) are usually placed on mummies and bandages to protect themselves. A dung beetles statue on the chest is engraved with a prayer, begging the soul not to testify against the dead on the scales of the underworld trial. The lungs, liver, stomach and intestines taken out of the body were protected by Horace's four sons. These are closely related to the religious beliefs of ancient Egyptians.

The whole mummification process lasted for 70 days, and it was expensive. In addition, there are various drugs, spices, evil spirits, amulets and so on. , only wrapped a corpse, sometimes with 1000 meters of high quality linen. Therefore, only kings, royalty, nobles and the rich can afford it, and the poor can only be simple and even sloppy. Herodotus talked about two other cheaper mummification methods. Although it is difficult to ensure physical integrity, it can give spiritual comfort to the poor. Moreover, perhaps it is because of these cheap mummification methods that the tradition of mummification can be spread and continued. It was not until the 4th century AD that Christianity ruled Egypt that the custom of mummies was abolished.

There was a group of people in ancient Egypt who made mummies as their profession. They have mastered this technology and passed it on from generation to generation. In ancient Egypt, mummification and related necessities undoubtedly formed a very important and large-scale industrial system. The existence of this industry shows that ancient Egyptians have mastered scientific knowledge in physics, chemistry and medicine. The sodium oxide they used as a desiccant was a mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, salt and sodium sulfide according to modern scientific analysis, indicating that the chemical action of these substances was known at that time.

The custom of mummifying in ancient Egypt gave them an opportunity to understand the structure of the human body. This had an important influence on the development of ancient Egyptian medicine, especially physiology and anatomy. This custom, coupled with favorable climatic conditions, has enabled hundreds of corpses to be preserved for thousands of years, many of which can be accurately dated. Today, experts can get a glimpse of people's physical condition and the prevalence of diseases through mummies. Mummification in ancient Egypt is the scene of cutting open the dead body, which is very common in society, so that Ptolemaic doctors and anatomists can successfully carry out the first systematic human anatomy in Egypt. At that time, in Greece and other parts of the world, autopsy was absolutely intolerable by religious concepts and public opinion.