Bosporus Strait is 3 1.5km long, 3,200m at its widest point, 550m at its narrowest point, with an average depth of 62m and the deepest point of1/8 m. In the middle of the strait, there is a torrent flowing from the Black Sea to Marathi, and there is a countercurrent under the water surface to bring salty seawater from Marathi to the Black Sea. Because fish travel to and from the Black Sea through the Strait seasonally, the fishery in the Strait area is quite rich. Trees are lush on both sides of the strait, and village villas are dotted. In the narrowest part of the strait, two military forts were built on both sides of the strait. Anadolu Castle in Asia was built in 1390, and Thrace Castle in Europe was built in 1452. Two cable-stayed bridges span the Strait, one of which is called Bosphorus Strait Bridge, which was built in 1973 and has a total length of1074m. The second bridge, Sultan Mohammad the Conqueror, was built in 1988 with a total length of 1090 meters. At present, the Turkish government is preparing to build an 8-kilometer-long undersea tunnel in BOT mode in four years, connecting Topkapa in the west bank and Pasha in Shidra in the east bank, thus connecting Ankara with Europe through Yvonne Stampur.
In Greek, Bosphorus means "crossing Oxford", that is, the place where cattle can wade, which originated from Greek mythology. According to legend, Zeus, the Lord of gods, fell in love with the princess of King Peragos, but this secret was discovered by his wife Hera. So Zeus turned Io into a white heifer to escape Hera's revenge. Love me wading across the Bosphorus to find shelter.
Jinjiaowan, located at the southern end of the Strait, is one of the largest natural seaports in the world. Jinjiao Bay is a freshwater bay, named after reflecting golden sunlight to the surrounding slopes.
If you swim across the Strait from southwest to northeast by yacht, tourists will marvel at the beautiful scenery on both sides. Some famous buildings in Europe include: Doyle marbach Che Palace, a western-style building built in the19th century, the tomb of Barbaros Hayfang Laiting, a naval general in the White Stone Ketash Square, the naval museum, and the Art Museum. Cheraung Palace, Yerdez Palace, Yvonne Mosque in Ortak, Bosphorus Bridge, Thrace Castle, Sultan Mehmet Bridge, Trabia Hotel, Thrace Forest and the entrance to the Black Sea Strait.
The scenic spots in Asia include: General chams Mosque (across the sea from Doyle's marbach Palace), Baiyifang Palace, Songlinpo, Egyptian Governor's Office, Kuerle Naval Academy, Anadolu Castle, Lusen in Arnado and the entrance to the Black Sea Strait.
Bosphorus witnessed the vicissitudes of Asia Minor and Thrace for thousands of years. 184 1 year, European powers concluded the Straits Convention with the Ottoman Empire in London according to the law of the jungle, aiming at preventing Russia from seizing the Straits passage. In World War I, the Ottoman Empire was defeated and lost control of the Straits. 1923 On July 24th, Turkey and its allies signed the Lausanne Peace Treaty in Switzerland. The Peace Treaty stipulates that the Strait: the narrow strips on both sides of the Galibolu Peninsula, canakkale and Bosphorus Strait are designated as unarmed zones. Turkey can be armed in the war. Organize the "international straits Management Committee" to study and control the passage of foreign warships through the Strait in wartime and peacetime according to the principles of the resolutions of the Peace Conference. From 65438 to 0936, Turkey, Britain, France, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Greece, Germany and Yugoslavia signed the Montreux Convention. According to this agreement, the international straits Management Committee was dissolved and the management of the Straits was returned to Turkey. The convention stipulates that: in a state of war or threatened by aggression, Turkey may prohibit warships of any country from passing through the strait; In peacetime, merchant ships can freely pass through the strait, but in wartime, merchant ships at war with Turkey cannot pass through the strait; In peacetime, the Black Sea Fleet (in principle, the Black Sea Fleet of Soviet Russia) can sail to the Mediterranean Sea via this strait. The Montreux Convention remains the basis of international law for Turkey to manage the Straits.
The Da Daniil Strait connects Marmarahi and the Aegean Sea, with a total length of 64 kilometers, the widest point of 6.4 kilometers, the narrowest point of 1.6 kilometers, and the average water depth of 55 meters. The narrowest part in the middle is the deepest, reaching 92 meters. On the surface of the water, there is a torrent flowing from Malahi to the Aegean Sea, and another compensatory undercurrent brings back more salt water. Important ports along the coast are Glibolu, Ajabad and canakkale. Many famous castles stand on both sides. There are many kinds of fish swimming between the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. Da Daniil Strait is the gateway of the Mediterranean Sea to Yvonne Stembull and the Black Sea.
In 480 BC, Zexas I of the Persian Empire (son of Darius I) built a pontoon bridge here and went to Greece. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, crossed the Strait in this way when he went to Persia in 334 BC. During the First World War, the famous Battle of Da Daniil broke out here. Britain agreed to send troops to Turkey at the appeal of Russian military commander Archduke Nikolai, and chose the Da Daniil Strait as the target to reduce the pressure on Russia in the Caucasus. 1965438+February, 2005 16, British commander Hamilton commanded British ships to shell the beachhead position of the Turkish army to cover the landing of the Marines, but the Turkish army stubbornly blocked it, but failed. Three battleships of the British navy were sunk, three suffered heavy losses, and the rest retreated to the high seas. On April 25th, under the cover of heavy artillery fire, the British army took turns to attack the Galibolu Peninsula, and was repeatedly repelled by the Turkish Army 19 Division under the command of General Mustafa Kemal. The battle came to a deadlock. In September, the troops of Britain and its allies began to retreat in stages. Throughout the campaign, there were 16 divisions of British, Australian, New Zealand, Indian and French troops participating in the war. In the Allies, in addition to the heavy losses of the fleet, the British suffered more than 265,438+0,000 casualties. The battle had a great political impact, and the whole world got the impression that the allies were incompetent militarily, so British Prime Minister Asquith stepped down. Mustafa Kemal is called "the savior of yvonne Stamper". A memorial tower was erected on the Galibolu Peninsula for this battle.