Selection of Sanhong Honey Pomelo Planting Science Park
Choose a place that is sheltered from the wind and sunny, with deep soil layer, good drainage, loose and fertile soil, sufficient water, convenient transportation and no environmental pollution (far from industrial areas). The slope of the mountain should be 25? Below, it is advisable to sit on a low hill and gentle slope facing north to south.
Preparation before planting
According to different gardens, rationally plan communities, roads, septic tanks, pools and drainage systems, and make good preparations before planting, such as soil preparation, pit digging, base fertilizer application and soil improvement.
To apply base fertilizer, pigsty fertilizer is 40-50kg or cow dung 1 5kg (commercial organic fertilizer can also be used), and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer1kg, 0. Apply 5 kg of compound fertilizer to each hole. Fertilizer and topsoil should be fully mixed to form fertile soil, and a little lime should be added. Then after returning to the cave with fertile soil, a circular planting pier with a height of 20 ~ 30cm and a diameter of 60cm should be piled up.
Planting method
Planting quality directly affects the growth and 1 fruiting time after planting. In order to improve the quality of planting, the orchard needs to implement unified planning, contiguous planting, alternate arrangement according to a certain row ratio and reasonable close planting. The planting technology of Sanhong honey pomelo is close to that of traditional honey pomelo, so it is advisable to use large seedlings for planting.
The selection of planting time and specifications of improved varieties and strong seedlings requires that the leaves of pomelo seedlings are complete, thick and dark green, the roots are complete, the leaves and roots are free from pests and diseases, and the yellow-leaf pomelo seedlings cannot be selected. It can be planted after each new branch grows and before the next new branch grows. Generally speaking, spring planting should be done after the spring shoots are ripe (it is advisable to plant spring shoots in Zhixia before they are picked) or autumn planting should be done after the autumn shoots are ripe (about 10 month). The distance between mountain plants is 3m? 3m (60 plants per mu), 3m on the flat land? 4m (50 plants per mu).
The planting method is to classify the seedlings according to their size, plant the seedlings at the same level together, cut off the excessively long roots and the excessively dense branches, keep 3-4 main branches, and then plant the roots with soil. When planting, the rhizosphere soil should be carefully excavated, and the root groups should extend in all directions. After covering the soil, lift the seedlings up slightly, and cover them with fine soil after practical use. After planting, spray foot water and cover it with weeds or straw to ensure survival. Water 5 days after planting and 6 days after rain. Generally, chemical fertilizer should not be applied within 1 month after seedling planting.
Young tree management
After planting 1 month, topdressing should be done in time according to the growth of seedlings, but only thin and decomposed organic fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be topdressing to prevent new roots from being damaged. After that, topdressing 1 ~ 2 times a month, and the concentration can be gradually increased. Young trees mainly apply nitrogen fertilizer, so as to apply it frequently and thinly.
After survival, young trees should be cutted at a height of 50 cm from the ground to promote the generation of new branches, and then 3 ~ 5 new branches growing in different directions and evenly distributed should be left as main branches. In the future, three auxiliary branches will be cultivated on each main branch, and the corresponding side branches will be cultivated on each auxiliary branch, and each branch will be 15 ~ 23 cm long, which can be shaped by pulling wires with insufficient angles.
Sufficient fertilizer should be applied before each shoot, and attention should be paid to bud control and shaping at each shoot picking stage to promote the germination of new shoots to be more tidy and robust, so as to achieve the purposes of crown expansion, early fruiting and high yield.
Plastic trimming
After two years of planting, the lateral trunk shape is adopted uniformly, and the methods of supporting, pulling, hanging and controlling buds are adopted to make the crown ventilated and transparent, with many bore holes and thick mother branches. According to the growth trend of trees, increase nutrient accumulation in branches and promote early fruiting.
Scientific fertilization
Fertilization principle: advocate applying more organic fertilizer and applying inorganic fertilizer reasonably. And according to the leaves, orchard soil, honey pomelo phenology and other guidance fertilization. Fruit trees do not need chlorine fertilizer.
Fertilization method: mainly soil fertilization combined with foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted. Reasonable fertilization can meet the needs of pomelo trees for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements, and achieve the purpose of early fruit, high yield and high quality.
Apply quick-acting fertilizer before spring shoots germinate to promote spring shoots to come out earlier and more. In order to promote the number and uniformity of autumn shoots, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased before shooting, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied appropriately in the peak period of autumn shoots.
From the end of February to the beginning of March, 20~30 kg of pig manure was applied to the plants with accelerating germination fertilizer.
Fruit-keeping fertilizer is mainly topdressing outside the roots, spraying sea elf biostimulant (foliar type) or 0.3% urea +0.2% phosphorus and potassium source pool.
From the end of June to the beginning of July, 20~40 kilograms of pig manure was applied to the plants with strong fruit and fertilizer.
Before and after fruit picking, 40-60 kg manure+200 g urea+0.5 kg phosphate fertilizer was applied to fruit picking plants, usually in June+February, 5438.
water management
According to the water demand, climate and rainfall of pomelo trees in each growth period, the following points should be paid attention to in water management in each season:
Keep moist in spring: Spring is the period when pomelo trees germinate, bud and bloom. Only with proper moisture can pomelo buds germinate neatly and healthily and bloom normally.
At this time, there is more rain, so we should pay attention to drainage, not only to keep the soil moist, but also to prevent soil water accumulation.
Water in time during spring drought to prevent the development of branches and flowers from being affected by drought. However, in spring, the air humidity is high and it is in the tender stage, so we can only use pipeline or drip irrigation instead of sprinkler irrigation to avoid inducing diseases.
Pay attention to flood control and erosion prevention in summer: in early summer, honey pomelo is in the physiological fruit dropping period and the young fruit expanding period, which requires sufficient water supply, but it is afraid of being soaked and drought.
This is the season with the most concentrated rainfall, often accompanied by storms. If the water accumulated in the pomelo orchard is too long, it is easy to rot the roots, aggravate the physiological fruit drop, affect the fruit expansion and weaken the tree potential, and also cause soil erosion in the pomelo orchard. Therefore, it is necessary to build flood control ditches and drainage ditches to ensure that the orchard does not accumulate water.
In case of drought and high temperature in summer, irrigation should be done in time to meet the water demand of pomelo trees and pomelo fruits.
Anti-autumn drought: pomelo fruit expands rapidly in early autumn, and later it turns into water and sugar accumulation in juice cells, which is also the ejection period of autumn shoots and needs a lot of water.
If there is drought in the early stage, the sponge layer of pomelo fruit can't expand rapidly, and when it encounters heavy rain in the later stage, the water supply is sufficient, and the juice cells are filled with water quickly, which is easy to cause fruit cracking. If the late autumn comes early, it is easy to cause small fruit, less juice, low sugar and juice granulation.
Therefore, it is very important to ensure that pomelo trees can get the required water evenly in autumn. It is necessary to prevent delayed irrigation after a long drought, and sudden heavy rain after a long drought, causing a large number of fruits to crack. In autumn, the orchard is overgrown with weeds, so lawn mowers or manual mowing should be used, and herbicides should not be used to kill weeds.
Water control in winter: In winter, the root system and aboveground growth of grapefruit gradually weaken, which is the key period of flower bud differentiation. Controlling irrigation is beneficial to increase juice concentration and promote flower bud differentiation.
Irrigation once after fruit picking in winter is conducive to restoring tree vigor, and generally no irrigation is needed in the rest of the time. In case of early autumn and winter, pomelo leaves are dehydrated and rolled, so it can be properly irrigated, but the water supply should not be too much, so as not to cause winter shoot germination and affect flower bud differentiation.
Cultivation techniques of Sanhong honey pomelo 1. Pomelo Garden is built in sandy loam zone, sheltered from wind and sunshine, rich in water resources, deep soil layer, fertile soil, consistent garden height and row spacing of 3 meters? 3 meters, the planting method is triangular. Guanxi Sanhong honey pomelo can be planted all year round as long as the new buds are mature.
2. Selection of strong seedlings: select one-year-old grafted seedlings with developed roots and strong growth for planting. Under good management conditions, seedlings can quickly resume growth and crown formation is also faster.
3. The important measures to enlarge holes, improve soil fertility and improve site conditions are the basis of early fruiting, high quality and high yield. Generally, reaming and soil improvement are started in the second year after planting, and the best effect is achieved in the third year. The specific method is to symmetrically dig ditches with a depth of 60-70cm and a width of 40-50cm on the lower sides of the drip line of the tree crown, fill in one load of green manure and one load of burnt soil, 65,438+0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and appropriate amount of lime and topsoil, and apply them in layers to improve the soil by compaction.
4, reasonable pruning, appropriate girdling (cutting)
? Pruning principle: thinning branches, less pruning around the crown and more pruning in the inner room.
Pruning time: young pomelo trees are generally pruned twice, that is, summer pruning and winter pruning; Results Pomelo trees were pruned three times, namely spring pruning, summer pruning and winter pruning. Prune in February-March in spring, May-July in summer and half a month after fruit picking in winter, that is,10-1month.
Pruning method: no? One size fits all? This method, which is mainly based on thinning the peripheral branches, can be used for dense planting of crown. Open the skylight? The pruning method of. This method can effectively control the crown, promote the germination of inner cavity branches, and avoid the reduction of production due to cutting again. Redundant branches, dead branches, diseased branches and weak branches should be cut from the inner branches.
In late September, the method of girdling and girdling was adopted for pomelo trees with flourishing leaves and no or few flowers. The method of girdling (felling) is: girdling the trunk or main branches with a diameter of more than 6 cm, and girdling the bark (bark width is 1 cm) or girdling to xylem. After treatment, use 20ppm of 2,4? D+800 times thiophanate methyl treatment will not have adverse effects on tree vigor and yield. The method of girdling (cutting) can inhibit vegetative growth, promote flower bud differentiation, increase flower quantity and ensure yield.
5, scientific fertilization, improve quality.
Fertilization method: annular furrow application is adopted, and the fertilization times are in accordance with? Base fertilizer should be applied in autumn, germination accelerating fertilizer should be used with caution, and fruit protection and strong fruit fertilizer should be applied together? Fertilize 3-4 times a year. Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer is the supplement, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied. Apply 20-30 kg of pig manure to promote germination, and apply it from the end of February to the beginning of March. Fruit-keeping fertilizer is mainly topdressing outside the roots, spraying 0.3% urea +0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, applying 20-40 kg pig manure to strong fruit, and applying 40-60 kg manure +200 g urea +0.5% phosphate fertilizer to fruit-picking fertilizer.
6, reasonable fruit thinning,
Bagging material
First of all, stunted deformed fruits, small fruits and diseased fruits should be thinned out, and the leaf-fruit ratio is generally (160-200): 1. After fruit thinning and fruit setting,