Scope This standard specifies the technical requirements for the planning and design of citrus orchards, windbreaks, seedling planting, shaping and pruning, soil, fertilizer and water management, pest control, citrus orchard renewal and harvesting.

Second, the planning and design

1. Garden selection: Choose suitable microclimate conditions to facilitate the normal overwintering growth of citrus. Soil: PH≤8.2, soil thickness 1.0m or more, fertile soil, groundwater level below l.0m, and convenient irrigation and drainage.

2. The area of the orange orchard. In l0~50ha, it has a certain scale of operation.

3. Roads, forests, ditches and canals are matched, and low-voltage lines and pesticide pools are distributed reasonably. The main road is 3-5m wide, which is convenient for large vehicles to pass, and the branch road is 3m wide. The width of the field operation lane in the orange orchard is1.5-2m; Ditches, irrigation and drainage facilities; 5 2 m3 batching tanks/10 hectare.

4 warehouses, sites and other facilities. Warehouse and site: orange garden 350-400 square meters/10 hectare. Fruit sorter: equipped with 1 /20-30ha automatic grading fruit sorter. Mode of transportation: 20-30 hectares/agricultural transport vehicle/set. Plastic fruit basket: it can be equipped according to the average monthly harvest and market volume. General orange garden collocation 1500-2000/10ha.

Third, citrus windbreaks.

1. Function: improve the microclimate environment of citrus orchard and reduce the harm of cold wind to citrus.

1) slow down the wind speed and improve the temperature and humidity of the orange orchard.

2) Reduce the amount of fallen leaves and reduce the degree of freezing injury.

3) Enhance the tree vigor and improve the yield and quality of citrus.

2. Forest tree species. Tree species of windbreak forest: fast-growing trees should be the main species; You can choose the mixed forest belt of Ilex kudingcha (coral tree) and Metasequoia glyptostroboides or choose suitable tree species such as Ligustrum lucidum and Cinnamomum camphora. 3. Forest belt structure. Shelterbelt structure: 70-80% density windbreak forest has the best effect, and its protection range is roughly 10- 15 times of forest height. Forest belt setting: the main forest belt spacing is 150m (four rows of forest belts, with a width of about 6m), and the protection range is 10- 15 times of the forest height; The secondary forest belt is 70-75m, l-2 rows and 2-3m wide; The crosswind forest belts are 60m apart, parallel to citrus reticulata, and perpendicular to the main forest belt and the auxiliary forest belt, forming an E-shaped forest network.

4. Forest belt renewal. The renewal of orange garden belt depends on the growth situation, and the windbreak belt of orange garden that has lost or weakened its protective function should be updated in time. Improper management, resulting in the loss of trees, should be replanted.

Fourthly, the cultivation and colonization of orange seedlings.

1. Generally, shell rootstocks with strong cold resistance are the main rootstocks, and citron can also be used as rootstocks.

2. Cultivate improved varieties and strong seedlings. Orange seedlings should be pure in variety. The rootstock is suitable, the grafting healing is good, and the root system is developed, with a certain height and thickness. The stem diameter of annual seedlings is above 17.5px, and 2 13 branches is suitable. Citrus seedlings should be free from serious pests and quarantine pests. Planting seedlings in the orange orchard, or planting orange trees and big seedlings in the planned dense planting garden, is convenient for early production.

3. Plan close planting and reasonable planting ① Close planting should be planned in the early stage of citrus orchard, with 3-4 times of conventional density to realize early fruit and high yield. The conventional planting density is generally 3X3.5m(63 plants/mu) or 3X3m(76 plants/mu). ② Cultivation methods. Seedlings can be planted in planting ditches or holes, and the depth of the ditch or hole is about 0.8m. Sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer or calcium superphosphate should be layered in the lower layer of the planting ditch or hole. Generally, 30-40kg organic fertilizer+1-1.5kg phosphate fertilizer is applied to holes. Sparse trees are transplanted to the border as cushions to improve the planting height and expand the root system. ③ Planting time. Suitable for planting in spring, usually above 3/ 4/before orange buds germinate.

Five, young soil fertilizer and water management and pruning

1. Improvement of topsoil in orange orchard. In order to meet a large amount of green manure needed for soil improvement in orange orchards in a short time, green manure should be planted among young trees as much as possible and deeply ploughed once a year to meet the needs of soil improvement and increase the application of organic matter every year.

2. Fertilize frequently, apply more nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer, give priority to popularization, and focus on bamboo shoots in spring, summer and autumn. Generally, the amount of nitrogen applied per plant is 0.25-0.5 kg per year (March-July), and the amount of phosphate fertilizer is 0. 1-0.2 kg in spring. Stop applying nitrogen fertilizer after August to avoid germination in late autumn. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed in late autumn to promote the maturity of autumn shoots and enhance the cold resistance.

3. Reasonable irrigation and drainage to ensure water supply. Generally speaking, it should be dry but not wet during the shoot control period, and it should be wet during the shoot release period. Early in the day, we should cooperate with fertilization and irrigation. At the end of childhood, fertilization should be applied in autumn and winter to promote water control and flower bud differentiation.

4. plastic surgery and pruning in infancy. The focus of adolescent plastic surgery is to cultivate a good dental crown skeleton, so that the number and distribution of main branches and auxiliary branches are appropriate. In the first year of young tree planting, the top of the tree was cut at the height of 45- 1250px, and three main branches with vigorous growth and uniform distribution were selected from the upper part. Then, choose 2-3 auxiliary branches with staggered directions on each main branch to fill the gaps between the main branches and make the branches evenly distributed. Young trees grow vigorously, so pruning should be as light as possible. Thinning will lead to fast growth and early fruit. By smearing and releasing buds, the new shoots in spring, summer and autumn are ensured to be neat, dense, uniform and full, so that the crown is short and compact and the branches are greatly increased, which creates conditions for early fruit and high yield.

6. Soil, fertilizer and water management and plastic pruning at the initial stage of results. The first fruiting period is the period from the beginning to the complete fruiting of citrus trees. Generally, the main task of the first fruiting period is to increase yield and improve quality as soon as possible, while continuing to expand canopy and root system. Therefore, cultivation measures should advocate control, that is, control vigorous growth, ensure fruit as much as possible and improve quality; It is also necessary to promote the continuous expansion of the crown and root system. Young trees often have large fruits, thick skin, late coloring and light taste. We should solve this problem by improving illumination, promoting fruit growth and controlling vigorous growth. The main measures during this period are as follows:

1. Properly control nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization in summer. Fertilization amount: 5-7-year-old (65,438+027 plants per mu) or (65,438+048 plants) warm orange orchards, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per mu is 55-70 respectively; 30~