Hongmei, also known as Gongfenmei. Corolla pink, disc-shaped, double. There are many cultivated varieties. It belongs to Rosaceae and Sakura. Small deciduous trees.

Hongmei likes light, warm and humid climate and is cold-resistant. The soil is fertile and loose sandy loam, rich in humus, sticky, with poor drainage and easy to rot and die. Therefore, plums should be planted in sunny, dry and well-ventilated places.

Prunus mume is usually propagated by grafting, because it is often difficult for seedlings to convey the excellent characters of the female parent. There are two kinds of grafting: branch grafting and bud grafting. Grafting is carried out in February and March in spring or autumn (10-165438+1October). Peach rootstock is easy to survive, but its life span is short. The scion is selected from the middle part of the robust branches of fine varieties, with a length of 5 ~ 6 cm, leaving 2 ~ 3 buds, which can be cut or split. The scion should be inserted into the rootstock, and the cambium of the two should be closely connected. The scion must be inserted into the bottom of the rootstock incision, leaving no gap. Then use plastic film strips to bind from left to right, and then use film strips to wrap the rootstock incision from bottom to top, so that the joints will not get wet by rain.

It is best to shade the grafting part to the north, only the cut of the scion head is exposed, and all the others are covered with soil. After the cuttings survive, the rootstock buds germinate with the growth of the buds, so the buds should be smeared as soon as possible. Bud grafting was carried out in the first half of August, and the bud in the middle of the new shoot was not suitable for use. Keep the petiole and remove the leaves in the bud. The operation method is to pinch the base of the scion by hand and cut upward from the lower part of the scion 1 cm. The scion should be slightly lignified, and the bud is located in the center of the scion. To prevent the scion from drying, you can put it on a wet towel. When the rootstock is 3 ~ 5 cm from the ground, it should be connected in an upright position, preferably on the north side where the sun cannot shine directly.

The first knife cuts the slightly woody part vertically by 2 cm, and the second knife leaves the cut part 1b3 ~ 1b2. Insert the grafted bud into the incision, the rootstock and the cambered surface of the grafted bud must be closely connected, and then bind the grafted bud uniformly and forcefully with plastic film strips from the lower part of the bud. Do not wrap the grafted bud, but leave no gap at the incision interface to prevent rainwater from entering. About 10 ~ 15 days after bud grafting, the surviving petioles shed yellow, and the surviving petioles shed black. In the spring of the second year after bud grafting, the bound plastic film strip is peeled off before bud elongation, and the rootstock is cut from the joint above 1 cm, and the rootstock is smoothed at any time. Plum piles are produced in Suzhou area, and the old roots of plum can be connected with fine varieties of ornamental plum or grafted. Huizhou, Anhui Province and other places use layering method to breed, and the effect is also very good.

Upper basin process

Choice of pot: Red plum should use purple sand pottery pot or glazed pottery pot, generally not too shallow. Inclined and curved dry pots are mostly medium-deep manger pots or round pots, square pots and hexagonal pots. Cliff-style thousand pots.

Soil: Red plum is not strict with soil, and loose, permeable and humus-rich loam is better. Frozen and brittle pond soil mixed with 30 ~ 40% rice bran ash is often used as culture soil for potted plants.

Planting; Plum blossom should be held in11~ 65438+February, or after flowering. Generally, the seeds should be planted obliquely, which is convenient for modeling. Before planting, you can trim it once. Base fertilizer can be placed on the basin bottom.

Attitude control technology

Processing: Red plum modeling mostly adopts "rough binding and fine shearing". When the diameter of the trunk reaches 1 cm, it can be climbed and tied, and the lateral branches can also be roughly tied, with brown silk or metal wire, and the rest can be trimmed. For the newly born flower branches every year, according to the needs of modeling, brown silk can also be used for climbing and binding. The processing of trunk and big branches should be in winter, and the processing of new branches should be in autumn and September. Be careful not to hurt the bud.

Tree shape: The ancients had many evaluation criteria for the shape of red plum. For example, "Mei wins with rhyme, with high lattice, oblique and thin, with old branches strange, more expensive". "Plums are four expensive: expensive and rare, not expensive and complicated; Your old age is not expensive; Your thinness is not expensive and fat; Is it expensive to drive? " "Mei takes pleasure as beauty, but straight is without posture; Take beauty as beauty, and the law has no scenery; Sparse is beautiful, and secret is stateless. " And the bonsai of red plum in China is modeled according to the above principles. Generally speaking, the trunk should be inclined and the branches and leaves should be sparse, but not just sparse. It should be sparse and dense, and the density should be appropriate and picturesque.

There are many traditional styles of red plum bonsai in various schools of bonsai in China, and the common ones are as follows:

1. Youlong style: It is the traditional style of Huizhou bonsai, that is, the trunk is S-shaped from the base to the top, like a Youlong, and the lateral branches are all bent from the convex corners of the trunk, which are symmetrical left and right, on the same plane, which is very interesting.

2. Three-table style: it is also the traditional style of Huizhou school. The trunk is 2-3 bends, and the upper part has three branches and leaves, which are staggered in height and distinct in layers. Each piece is made into a horizontal steamed bun, which is dignified and steady.

3. Dry type: It is the traditional style of Su-pai bonsai. Split the thick and shapeless plum piles, remove some xylem and carve them to achieve the effect of "dead wood meets spring".

4. Knot: It is the traditional style of Yangpai bonsai. It is to tie or circle the trunk at the seedling stage of Mei. After a long time, it will form a knot, which looks quaint.

5. Downwind style: It is also the traditional style of Yang school, that is, all branches of Mei are tied to the same side, just like the effect of the wind blowing flags.

6. Pendulous style: it is also the traditional style of Yang school, that is, all the side branches of plum blossoms are tied into pendulous shapes, which has a unique charm. The above traditional production styles are for reference only. Today, the shape of plum bonsai is more about climbing and pruning plum plants to make an eclectic natural style.

Daily maintenance management:

It should be placed in a sunny and ventilated place. Keep the basin soil moist at ordinary times. Don't do it or water it to prevent water from accumulating in the basin. May to June. That is, the flower bud differentiation and formation period. To "withhold water", let the soil dry until the old leaves are slightly curled, and then water it when the new buds shrink. Repeat this several times, destroy the growth point of new branches, stop elongation, increase flower bud development, and then resume normal watering. Pay attention to the season and growth period when fertilizing. When turning the pot, put bone meal and decomposed bean cake crumbs at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer, apply cake fertilizer water 1 ~ 2 times as topdressing before flower bud formation in the middle and late May, and then apply 1 ~ 2 times in the early August. After autumn, continue to fertilize for 2 ~ 3 times, and put it in the greenhouse in winter. Spring Festival can blossom early. Pruning of plum blossom bonsai is very important. After flowering every year, cut the old branches short, leaving only 3 ~ 4 buds, and pay attention to make the buds grow outward, so as to bloom intensively in the early spring of the next year. Pruning can also be combined with shaping. Cross branches, parallel branches, overlapping branches, long branches and weak branches that affect the beauty of the tree should be cut off. Combined with turning pots, we should cut off dead roots and shorten the roots of elders. And replace 1/2 old soil. Cultivate fertile soil to promote growth.