(Latin: Rhopalocera；; English: Butterfly)
butterfly
An insect. Butterflies, moths and butterflies are all classified as LEPIDOPTERA. There are thousands of species in the world today that belong to this category. They evolved by feeding on flowering plants and pollinated from Cretaceous. They are the last creatures in the evolution of insects.
Lepidoptera hammerhorn suborder, commonly known as butterfly. Also known as "Hu Die". In the past, butterflies were considered as a general term, but now zoology thinks that butterflies are a kind of.
Butterflies are commonly known as "butterflies". There are about 65,438+04,000 species in the world, most of which are distributed in America, especially in the Amazon River basin, and all over the world except the cold regions of the North and South poles. In Asia, Taiwan Province Province is also famous for its wide variety of butterflies. Butterflies are usually brightly colored, with various spots on their wings and bodies, and a pair of rod-shaped or hammer-shaped tentacles on their heads. The largest butterfly can spread its wings up to 24 cm, and the smallest is only 1.6 cm. Big butterflies attract people's attention, and some people collect all kinds of butterfly specimens. In the United States, "butterfly watching" migration, like "bird watching", has become an activity, attracting many people to participate. There are many kinds of butterflies that are the main pests of agriculture and fruit trees.
Butterfly suborder) 4 is the general name of 4 families 14000 species of insects. Together with moths and butterflies, they form LEPIDOPTERA. Almost all over the world.
Similar to moths, wings, body and feet are covered with dusty scales, which fall at the touch. Unlike moths, butterflies move during the day and have bright colors or eye-catching patterns. Perhaps the most striking difference between the two is that the antenna of the butterfly is rod-shaped, and its wings are folded perpendicular to its back at rest. The life cycle of this scale wing is divided into four stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa and adult. Most butterfly larvae and adults feed on plants and usually only eat specific parts of specific species of plants.
The four butterfly families are: Papilionidae, such as white butterfly or Huang Die, which is famous for migrating in groups; Papilionidae, such as Papilionidae, Papilionidae (Papilionidae is sometimes painted as [Papilionidae]); ; Papilionidae, including blue-gray butterfly, copper butterfly, swallow-gray butterfly, gray butterfly and salamander butterfly (salamander butterfly is more common in tropical America, and sometimes placed in [Leo butterfly family]); ; Nymphalidae is a hairy-legged butterfly. Nymphalidae is the largest and most diverse family, and some experts divide it into several families. This kind of butterfly includes some common butterflies, such as Admiral Nymphalia, Nymphalia, Monarch Butterfly, Spotted Butterfly and Red Nymphalia Butterfly.
[Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics
The end of the antenna is very thick, and its wings are Palaechrysophanus hippothoe, a butterfly. Wide, wings stand on the back when resting. Butterfly antenna is rod-shaped, and each node at the end of the antenna is thick and hammer-shaped. The body and wings are flattened by scaly hairs. The abdomen is slender. Butterflies are active during the day. In LEPIDOPTERA 158 family, butterflies have 18 family. Butterfly adults feed on pollen and nectar; Some larvae are phytophagous and harmful to trees and crops. Some larvae eat aphids, which are beneficial insects. Butterflies have colorful wings, and people often regard them as ornamental insects.
The difference between butterflies and moths
Butterfly characteristics: 1. The scales on the front of most butterflies' wings are brightly colored, and the wings are not fluffy. The roots of the hind wings of a few butterflies in Nymphalidae are obviously plush.
2. Most butterflies have rod-shaped antennae with enlarged tips.
The way butterflies rest, their four wings are folded and stand upright on their backs.
4. Butterfly has sparse hair on its trunk (compared with moths)
5. The most essential difference between butterfly and moth is that the root of the hind wing visible on the ventral surface of butterfly is curved, which helps to improve the flying speed, because butterflies generally fly faster than moths in the daytime.
Moth characteristics: 1. Most moths are active at night and their colors are dim.
2. Most moths have a needle-like bend at the top of their antennae or the whole antennae are feathered, and a few butterflies (Papilionidae) are similar to butterflies because of their daytime activities.
Most moths flatten their wings to rest.
4. The trunk hair of moths is generally thick, just like moths of Chrysomyidae are easily confused with hummingbirds during flight.
5. The essential pruning of moths and butterflies is that the roots of ventral hind wings are smooth and the radian is very small, which is related to the slow flight speed of moths at night.
Their similarities:
It is easy to think of moths as butterflies.
Difference:
Butterflies have only two kinds of antennae: the head has a pair of rod-shaped or hammer-shaped antennae.
Moths have various antennae, which is their biggest difference.
[Edit this paragraph] Development process
The development of a butterfly has to undergo complete transformation, that is, it has to go through four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult.
egg
Butterfly eggs are generally round or oval, with a waxy shell on the surface to prevent water evaporation, and a fine hole at one end, which is the channel for sperm to enter. The egg size of different kinds of butterflies varies greatly. Butterflies usually lay eggs on the leaves of plants that larvae like to eat to prepare food for larvae.
larva
After hatching, larvae mainly eat food and eat many plant leaves. Larvae have various shapes, including carnivores and caterpillars. Butterflies mainly harm agriculture in the larval stage. As the larva grows, it usually goes through several molts.
pupa
Larvae will become pupae when they mature. The pupae of butterflies don't spin silk to make cocoons. Generally, larvae fix themselves in the hidden place on the back of plant leaves with a few filaments, and then they will gradually harden and become pupae.
imago
When adults are sexually mature, they break out of their cocoons, but it takes some time for their wings to dry and harden. At this time, butterflies can't avoid natural enemies, which is a dangerous period. Butterflies can fly after spreading their wings. Butterflies' front and back wings are not synchronized, so the butterflies fluctuate greatly and have a beautiful posture when flying. The so-called "dancing" comes from the flying of butterflies. Adults feed on nectar, and some species also eat tree juice and minerals dissolved in water. Generally, adult butterflies die before winter comes after mating and spawning, but some species migrate to the south for the winter, and the migrating butterflies are spectacular. At present, the more famous butterfly wintering places are Mexico in the United States and Yunnan in China.
[Edit this paragraph] Distribution scope
There are 17000 recorded butterfly species in the world, and China accounts for about 1300. South America has the largest number of butterflies in the Amazon River basin, followed by Southeast Asia. The most beautiful and ornamental butterflies in the world are mostly produced in South America, Brazil, Peru and other countries. Most of the internationally protected species are distributed in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and other countries. Different humidity and humidity environments and different plant communities have been formed in the same area and at different altitudes, and many different butterfly populations have been formed accordingly. Yunnan Province in China is a good example. In Asia, Taiwan Province Province is also famous for its wide variety of butterflies. Butterflies are usually brightly colored, with various spots on their wings and bodies, and a pair of rod-shaped or hammer-shaped antennae on their heads (this is the main difference from moths, which have diverse antennae). The largest butterfly can spread its wings up to 24 cm, and the smallest is only 1.6 cm. Big butterflies attract people's attention, and some people collect all kinds of butterfly specimens. In the United States, "butterfly watching" migration, like "bird watching", has become a new activity, attracting many people to participate. However, many kinds of butterflies are the main pests of agriculture and fruit trees.
[Edit this paragraph] Natural enemies
The main natural enemies of butterflies are:
* Ants: Ants attack defenseless butterfly larvae.
* Beetles
Birds: Some butterflies have eye-shaped eyes on their wings, which can also confuse birds.
* Flies
Lizards, frogs and toads
* Mantis
* Spiders
* wasps, parasitic bees
[Edit this paragraph] category
According to the characteristics and evolutionary degree of butterflies, butterflies in the world can be divided into 2 families, 17 families, as follows:
★ Butterfly Superidea [Hesperidin]
Butterfly department
☆ Monogamous cuisine.
☆ Sparidae.
★ Papilionidae (Papilionidae) [Papilioidea]
Papilionidae
☆ sericidae
☆ Pteridae.
Papilionidae, Papilionidae
Stinkbug Branch.
☆ Stonefishes
☆ Butterfly of Papilionidae
☆ Sphagidae
☆ Red-crowned crane of Papilionidae
☆ Morphinae, Papilionidae
☆ nymphalidae
☆ Lepidoptera moth family
☆ Acroptera of Papilionidae
☆ Seriphidae, Papilionidae
In the above classification, there are no five families of medium and large butterflies, butterflies, butterflies, sleeve butterflies and butterflies distributed in China. Papilionidae and Papilionidae are the butterflies with the most aesthetic and economic value, followed by Papilionidae, Papilionidae, Seriphidae, Papilionidae and Papilionidae.
According to the ecological environment, butterflies can also be divided into the following categories: forest butterflies, swamp butterflies, forest grassland butterflies and agricultural plant butterflies.
Butterfly species in China
There are many kinds of butterflies in China, especially in subtropical areas. Common themes are:
Papilionidae: The undergraduate butterfly is a medium to large beautiful butterfly species. Black, yellow and white are often used as the background color, decorated with red, blue, green and yellow stripes, and some varieties have brilliant metallic luster of blue, green and yellow.
The hind wings generally have a tail band, which is more graceful. Mostly produced in tropical and subtropical areas, eating rutaceae and Rosaceae. Sometimes it is harmful, such as Huang Die and Jade Butterfly.
The lower lip whiskers of most adults (except Papilio) degenerated; The end of the antenna gradually thickens. There is a big thorn inside the tibiofibular joint of the forefoot and a symmetrical claw 1 pair at the end.
The front and rear wings are approximately triangular; The middle chamber of the wings is closed. The anterior wing R vein is 5-branched, with R4 and R5*** stalks; M 1 and r veins are not * * * peduncle; Most species have transverse veins at the base (cu-a), and vein A has two veins (2A and 3A). Hook-shaped transverse shoulder vein (H) exists in the shoulder of the posterior wing; The outer edge is corrugated; The inner edge contracted, and the side was obviously exposed to the abdomen at rest, with only 1 vein A (2a); Most species of M3 veins extend as caudate protrusions, and some species have more than two caudate protrusions or no caudate protrusions.
Papilionidae: Papilionidae is a small to medium-sized butterfly species. Often white and yellow, decorated with black, red and yellow stripes, most kinds of wings are pink. White butterflies and Pi Na butterflies are harmful to cruciferous vegetables, while tree butterflies are harmful to fruit trees.
There is a middle pad (sucker) between the two claws at the end of the forelimb of the adult Papilio, so it can stay on the surface of smooth vertical objects such as upright glass.
The front and rear wings are similar to sui circles; The middle chamber of the wings is closed. There are 3 ~ 5 branches of R vein in the forelegs. R2 and R3 in the forelegs of most species often merge, and R4 and R5 in some species also merge. M 1 and r pulse * * * stem; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The posterior wing has transverse shoulder vein (H); The outer edge of the wing is blunt and round; At rest, the abdomen is not visible on the side, and the inner edge of the hind wing is developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).
Nymphalidae is a small to medium-sized butterfly species, and a few species are large, with more than 5,000 known species, making it the largest butterfly family. Rich colors and different shapes. The forelimbs are degenerated, without claws, and the wings are folded on the back. Easy to identify. Rice butterfly larvae harm rice and bamboo, and the front wings have two eyeliner, such as sun and moon, so it is also called sun and moon butterfly. It is a small and medium-sized butterfly species, and a few are large ones. Rich colors and different shapes.
The lower lip of Nymphalidae adults must be particularly thick; The antenna end is obviously thickened; Some kinds of diaphragm are particularly thick and developed; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. Male tarsal joint, female with 4 ~ 5 tarsal joints, all claws degenerated.
The wing shape of the butterfly is rich and varied, and there are great differences among genera. The front wings are mostly triangular; The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; The R pulse is 5 branches, and R2 to R5*** stems; M 1 and r veins are not * * * peduncle; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly round or triangular; Some species have serrated edges; The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; There is a well-developed transverse shoulder vein (H) in the shoulder; The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).
Papilionidae: a small butterfly of the genus Papilionidae. The front of the wings is mainly gray, brown and black. Some kinds of wings have brilliant metallic luster of purple, blue and green. The colors and stripes on the front and back of the wings are completely different, and the colors on the back are rich and varied.
The antenna of adult Papilio has many white rings; The forefoot has degenerated, but it can still be used for walking. Male forefoot is mostly hock and claw-shaped, and rarely segmented. Women have two to five hocks on their forefeet.
The front wings of undergraduate butterflies are mostly triangular; The intermediate chamber is closed or open; 3-4 branches of R vein, R4-R5*** peduncle; M 1 and r pulse * * * stem; There is no bifurcation at the bottom of pulse a (with or without 3A merging into 2A). The hind wings are nearly ovoid; The intermediate chamber is closed or open; There is no transverse shoulder vein in the shoulder area; The buttock area at the inner edge is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).
Most larvae are phytophagous, and a few can prey on mites or aphids.
Seriphidae: Most of them are of medium size, white or waxy yellow. Adult silkworm butterflies have short antennae and rod-shaped ends. The lower lip must be short; Hairy body. The wings are nearly round, and the scales on the wing surface are rare (the scales are seed-like), translucent, with black, red or yellow markings, and the markings are mostly annular. There are only 4 R veins, 2 A veins and no transverse gluteal vein in the anterior wing. There is no caudate process in the posterior wing, but there is 1 A vein.
All kinds of undergraduate courses are produced in high mountains, with strong cold resistance, and some fly up and down the snow line close to the ground, which is slow and easy to catch. .
Amathusiidae: Most undergraduate butterflies belong to medium to large butterfly species. Often taupe, tan as the main color, decorated with black and white stripes. Most of the colors are yellow, gray, brown and dark brown, and a few are deep purple. There are big spots on the wings. The terminal part gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. Male tarsal joint, female with 4 ~ 5 tarsal joints, all claws degenerated.
The two wings are large and the worm is small; The front wing is approximately triangular; The middle cavity is closed, and the back angle protrudes outward; The anterior wing has 4 to 5 R veins, and R2 to R5*** are long stalks; M 1 and r veins are not * * * peduncle; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly round; The middle chamber is open; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); The buttock area of the inner edge is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A), and there are often many annular markings on the wings near the sub-outer edge.
Nymphalidae: A large and gorgeous butterfly species, with wide wings that spread 75-200mm. Often dominated by black and white, decorated with red, white, black, blue and other colors, and some varieties have brilliant purple-blue metallic luster.
Papilio: A medium or large species with a black body, white spots on the head and abdomen, bright wings and gregarious habits. Often dominated by black and white, decorated with red, white, black, blue and other colors, and some varieties have brilliant purple-blue metallic luster. The end of the antenna of the adult butterfly gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. Male forefoot is hock joint, female has 4 ~ 5 hock joints, and all claws are degenerated; There are often many white spots on the chest side; The male has a retractable long-haired pinch at the end of the abdomen.
The front and rear wings are approximately triangular; The middle chamber of the wings is closed. 5 branches of R veins in the anterior wing, with * * * stalks from R3 to R5; M 1 and r pulse * * * short handle; The anterior wing A vein is bifurcated at the base (3A merges into 2A). The hind wing is triangular, and there is a short transverse shoulder vein (H) on the shoulder. There are two pulses a (2A and 3a); Some species of male butterflies have fragrant scales or prominent fragrant scales.
Butterfly species in other areas
Butterfly family
Butterfly family
Most undergraduate butterflies belong to small and medium-sized butterfly species. Often taupe, dark brown as the main tone, and decorated with black and white stripes.
The antenna end of butterfly adults gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. The male has only one hock joint, the female has 4 ~ 5 hocks, and all the claws are degenerated.
The front wing is a circular triangle; The middle chamber is closed; The base of Sc vein in the anterior wing is often enlarged, and the base of some kinds of Cu vein and A vein is also enlarged. 5 branches of R vein, R3 to R5*** peduncle; M 1 and r veins are not * * * peduncle; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly round; The middle chamber is closed; There is a well-developed transverse shoulder vein (H) in the shoulder. The buttock area at the inner edge is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A), and there are often many eye-shaped annular markings on the opposite sides of the two wings near the sub-outer edge.
Papilionidae
Acraeidae
The undergraduate course is divided from Nymphalidae, and the adults are similar to the species of Papilionidae, so it is also called Nymphalidae. Adults are small and medium-sized butterflies. Brown or red with black and white stripes.
The antenna end of the adult butterfly gradually thickens, but it is not obvious; The forefoot degenerates and does not need to contract. The male has only one hock, while the female has five hocks. The claws are all degenerated, and the middle and rear paws are asymmetrical. After mating, the female has a triangular buttock cover at the end of her abdomen.
The front wing of the adult is narrow and oval, which is obviously longer than the rear wing. The middle chamber is closed; The R pulse is 5 branches, and R2 to R5*** stems; M 1 and r veins are not * * * peduncle; There are only 1 pulse (2A) in one pulse. The hind wings are nearly ovoid; The middle chamber is closed; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); M 1 and Rs*** short handle; There are two veins (2A and 3A) on the inside of buttocks.
Corallinae
Libya Section
There are only ten kinds of butterflies in the world. It is a small and medium-sized butterfly species and the earliest butterfly species found on the earth so far.
The lower lip of an adult of the coracoid family must be particularly long, reaching more than twice the length of the head; Male forefoot degenerates without contraction, with hocks at the end and completely degenerated claws; The front legs of females are normal.
The front wing is triangular; The end of ventricle was sealed by weak transverse vein; There are 5 branches of R pulse, R3 to R5*** pedicles, M 1 and R pulse are not * * * pedicles, and M2 pulse is obviously prominent, exceeding the apex angle; The bottom of pulse a is bifurcated (3A merges into 2A). The tail is polygonal; The end of ventricle was sealed by weak transverse vein; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).
Cucurbitaceae
Riodinico
Undergraduate butterfly is a small butterfly. Mainly in red, brown and black, decorated with white stripes, the colors and stripes before and after the wings are similar.
There are many white rings on the antenna of Hemiptera adults; Male forefoot degenerates without contraction, with hocks at the end and completely degenerated claws; Women's front legs are normal.
The front wings of undergraduate butterflies are mostly triangular; The middle chamber is closed; 5 branches of R vein, R3 to R5*** peduncle; M 1 and r pulse * * * stem; The bottom of pulse a is bifurcated (3A merges into 2A). The hind wings are nearly ovoid; The middle chamber is closed; There is a well-developed transverse shoulder vein (H) in the shoulder. The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).
Butterfly family
Butterfly family
There are many kinds of butterflies in the undergraduate course. Adult belongs to Fluttershy species, which is one of the most special forms and living habits.
The end of the antenna of Papilionidae is a pointed hook; The forelegs of both male and female adults are normal.
The front wing of the adult is in the shape of a long and narrow Yangtze River Delta. The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; R pulse has five branches, all of which extend directly from the middle cavity in parallel; There are two pulses (2A and 3A) in pulse A .. The rear wing is mostly triangular; The intermediate chamber is opened or closed; 2 to 3 M-type veins; The shoulder region has a transverse shoulder vein (h); The gluteal region of the inner margin is well developed, with two A veins (2A and 3A).
About 600 species, about 32 species from Taiwan Province province.
This kind of branch is the most ornamental and medium-sized.
Bright colors, most of which have tail-shaped protrusions.
About 3500 species, about 73 species in Taiwan Province province.
Its appearance is different.
The staple food is animal carcasses, tree sap, animal excrement and so on. Very little nectar is sucked away.
About 1000 species, about 33 species are from Taiwan Province province.
Generally medium size, mainly white, yellow or orange,
He looked vulnerable when flying.
About 5,500 species, about 100 species in Taiwan Province Province.
Very small, but beautiful,
Its habits and feeding habits are very complicated.
About 450 species, about 18 species in Taiwan Province province.
There are beautiful spots on the whole body and wings of undergraduate course.
It is a warning color and has a deterrent effect.
About 2500 species, about 4 1 species in Taiwan Province province.
Adults have eye-shaped patterns on their wings and like dark environments.
Suck rotten fruit, tree sap or corpse juice.
About 3000 species, about 56 species are from Taiwan Province province.
This one is the least like a butterfly, short and fat,
Flying fast, the posture of staying is different from that of ordinary butterflies.
It is common in middle and low altitude areas, with about 1 species in Taiwan Province Province.
Larvae takes bamboo as the host, and there is little difference between male and female butterflies.
It is huge, flying slowly and not easily confused with other butterflies.
It is easy to see in mountainous areas, and there are about 1 species in Taiwan Province Province.
Larvae take Machilus heterophylla and Pu Shu as hosts, also known as Tiangoudie. Male and female butterflies are very similar, so it is difficult to tell them apart.
[Edit this paragraph] Living habits
raise
After the butterfly larvae hatch by biting the eggshell, some species take a break and eat the host plants directly; Some species (such as the red-eyed bamboo butterfly) feed on eggshells first, and then on plants; Some species also need to feed on the shed old epidermis every time, such as Pieris rapae and Pieris rapae.
The feeding objects of butterfly larvae are different according to different insect species, and most larvae like to eat leaves; Some species, such as pink butterfly, orange-spotted pink butterfly and other flower buds; There are also some species that feed on young pods or young fruits, such as the pod gray butterfly that feeds on young pods and the gardenia gray butterfly that feeds on young gardenia fruits. In addition, in Papilionidae, several kinds of larvae are carnivorous. For example, Papilionidae is addicted to coffee scales, and Papilionidae specializes in feeding on bamboo aphids. This carnivorous species is a rare beneficial insect among butterflies.
Larvae that feed on plant leaves, such as the first instar, often eat mesophyll on the back of leaves and leave the upper epidermis to form transparent spots similar to glass windows. Later, larvae feed on leaves, or nibble inward from the edge of leaves; As the bug grows up, it eats more and more. When the insect population density on a plant is high, the whole plant will be eaten up.
Activities and habitats
The activities and habitat habits of butterfly larvae are also different due to different insect species. Judging from the activity time, the general species usually come out for activities at sunset in the morning and evening. However, some species (such as Pieris rapae, etc. ) During the day, some species (such as many butterfly larvae) move at night.
According to the activity law, the feeding and perching activities of the first instar larvae of many social species are consistent (more obvious in the first and second instars); Gather together to feed or inhabit, such as the Chinese tiger butterfly. Some butterflies, such as the larvae of nettle butterflies, often spin silk among nettles in dozens of groups, hiding in them like spiders to resist foreign enemies, and at the same time foraging and inhabiting, which is quite regular. The habitat of butterfly larvae is generally hidden, so it is not easy to find individual larvae in the wild.
Some butterfly larvae often live in seclusion by decorating the leaves of their nests. There are different ways to decorate leaves from one to several, each with its own style or skill. Banana butterfly larvae can stick the edge folds of banana leaves to the nest for seclusion, while rice butterflies often connect several leaves together to build nests inside. Larvae with nesting habits or web-building habits feed near their habitats and never go far. When disturbed, they immediately retreat to their nests to hide, which is completely different from the habitat habits of ordinary butterflies.
Water is an important part of organism's metabolism. Therefore, we can often see butterflies stopping on the wet ground to absorb water, especially the slightly salty water, which can attract them to drink. At noon on a hot summer day, when the scorching sun is in the sky, all kinds of butterflies gather there to absorb water on sunken mountain roads and streams.
[Edit this paragraph] Aquaculture Collection
1. Breeding of butterflies.
The larvae, adults, eggs and pupae of high-quality butterflies collected from the wild can be moved indoors for reproduction. Butterfly breeding rooms are generally made of wood or bamboo, and cage rooms are covered with 16- 18 mesh copper wires, iron wires or nylon wires to prevent escape. If insect cages are used, the cage height is1.8-2m. Because butterflies have to go through larvae ... when adults are collected from the wild to reproduce, they have to mate with each other to lay eggs. Butterflies are used to mating in flight, so they need to prepare a large space. After mating, females like to lay eggs on leaves, fruit surfaces, smooth branches or rough gaps. When breeding indoors, they should prepare spawning grounds according to the different habits of butterflies everywhere, such as shredded paper, straw, dry branches, gauze and so on. In the egg stage, we should pay attention to moisturizing, too dry will reduce the hatching rate of eggs. The effect is good. After eggs hatch into larvae, most of them feed on leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. They can be collected in the wild. In order to keep the freshness of feed, the stems of plants can be inserted into water containers or wrapped with wet cotton balls. The feeding density is 0.5-2 per 10 cm2. For insect species with nail residue, the population density should be less or raised separately. Larvae developed to 5000. Folding paper strips, shriveled paper balls, straw and small adaptive cavities carved on wooden boards can satisfy the pupation of larvae. They should be placed in dark and humid soil. Butterflies are pupated adults and need food. Including natural food and artificial feed, water, honey juice, syrup and milk are commonly used liquid foods. The concentration of sugar water or honey juice for butterflies is 1%- 10%. Liquid food can be directly put into containers such as feeding cups and butterflies, or absorbent cotton with weak absorption can be dipped into feeding liquid and put into bottles. Butterflies can be fed with protruding absorbent cotton and so on. Artificial feed suitable for different butterfly tastes can also be made by yourself. For example, Papilio uses vinegar sugar, glucose, dry yeast, high protein, filter paper powder, orange leaves and so on. Preservatives were added.
2. Wild collection of butterflies:
Collecting butterflies in the wild requires insect nets, poison bottles, tweezers and triangular paper bags. Insect-catching nets can be made by themselves. The shape is a net ring with a diameter of 33 cm bent with iron wire, with appropriate sections left at both ends, bent at right angles and fixed on the net handle. The wind handle is a wooden stick with a length of 60- 100 cm and a thickness of 1.5 cm, and the net bag can be made of white fine-mesh gauze. Cover your mouth with a white cloth and put it on the net. The poison bottle is made of toxic gas containing 5- 10g potassium hydride or dichlorvos as toxic distillate. Cover with sawdust and pour with gypsum. Use hot gypsum powder and clear water to make gypsum, which should not be too thick or too thin when pasted. Peach leaves can also be collected by indigenous methods. After stirring, put 0.5kg into each bottle, and the compaction is about 60% of the bottle height. Spray water evenly to form lumps, and then cover gypsum powder with cut kraft paper. It is best to drop 1-2 drops of dichlorvos on peach leaves.
If rare butterflies are found in the wild, quickly open the net mouth to trap butterflies, then swing the lower part of the net bag with the net mouth facing down and throw it into the net circle with the butterflies. For example, a big butterfly can pinch its chest from outside the net and gently put it into a prepared triangular bag, indicating the collection place and date. For example, if it is a non-toxic bottle, you can directly pinch the breast of a butterfly with your fingers, and then gently clip it into a triangular bag with tweezers. Don't touch your wings to keep it.
[Edit this paragraph] Butterfly Specimen Making
To make butterfly specimens, you must first prepare the following utensils:
Insect needle Insect needle is an essential product for making acupuncture insect specimens. Because of the different sizes of insects, the thickness of insect needles used is also different. Insect needles are usually 38 mm long and numbered 00,0, 1, 2,3,4,5,6,7, etc. No.00 stainless steel products with a diameter of 0.3 mm, which are thickened in turn and excellent in elasticity have the best quality. Needle-inserted butterfly specimens are often purchased with three numbers: 5, 3, 1.
The third stage can be made of wooden boards, with a length of 12cm, a width of 4cm and a height of 2.4cm. The first stage is 0.8cm, the second stage is 1.6cm and the third stage is 2.4cm.. In the middle of each level, there is a small hole the thickness of a 5 # insect needle, which is used for inserting pins. The third stage is used to insert specimens, which can make all specimens and their labels highly uniform.
Wings Wings are made of cork. There is a cork trough on the board. One of the two plates beside the groove is movable to adjust the width of the groove according to the size of the worm. If there is no such wing plate, it can also be made of hard foam.
When making specimens for storage, the softener must be softened before it can spread its wings and straighten its posture, because the insect's body is extremely brittle and will break when touched. Softening agent is an essential tool for making dry specimens. In mass production, a suitable softener can be modified with a glass dryer, that is, put a layer of washed wet sand at the bottom of the softener, add a few drops of carbolic acid to prevent mildew, put a piece of absorbent paper on the sand, and then put the triangular paper bag vertically into the softener. At room temperature for a few days or so (shorter in summer), the butterfly's body can remain soft. At this time, it is necessary to spread its wings and adjust its posture. If it is left for too long, the specimen will turn black and affect the color. If there is no dryer, you can replace all kinds of containers with lids.
In addition, labels, laminated paper, pins, tweezers and so on are needed.
Now we're going to make the specimen officially.
Firstly, according to the size of the insect, choose the appropriate insect needle, insert it from the center of the butterfly's chest and back, leaving a length of 8 mm, and then align the quasi-wing plate vertically into the middle of the slot, so that the insect's back is parallel to the wing plate. Then use a small insect needle or tweezers to pull or pinch the thicker veins of the left and right front wings and pull them forward until the rear edge of the front wings is perpendicular to the body. Then, press the pre-folded transparent finger pressing strip so that the rear edge of the front finger coincides with the crease on the finger pressing strip. In order to make the wood look natural, the plastic butterfly wings at the base of the wings can be fiddled with insect needles, and the feet, tentacles and touch parts can also be slightly arranged. Finally, check whether the specimen is made correctly and whether there is any error. If there is no mistake, put the specimen in an oven at 40℃ and dry it in a ventilated and dry place for about two weeks, so that it can dry itself. After the specimen is made, the original records should be made carefully.
[Edit this paragraph] Name source
Butterflies are called butterflies.
The etymology of 1 and butterfly comes from the old English butler, which consists of butter and fleoge.
There is a long-standing saying that butterflies like to steal cream and milk, so people say that they are elves with colorful wings and like to steal cream, so they are called butterflies. The above legend is also reflected in milchdieb, one of the German names of butterflies, which is equivalent to milk-thief in English.
Another explanation is that "butter" refers to the color of butterflies. The fly originally refers to a flying insect, and the word butterfly may first refer to a sulfur yellow (the wings are closer to cream color when closed) pink butterfly in southern Europe after winter. The male butterfly's front wings are orange, which brings warm light when flying. It is called butter-colored fly. The word butterfly gradually evolved to refer to all kinds of butterflies.
After aging, some silks form webs or cocoons and pupate. Some burrow into wet soil, become pupae, and then feather into butterflies.