I was born in the valley jungle at an altitude of 180 ~ 1900 meters. Originated in Antilles, it is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions. There are two main types: purple fruit and yellow fruit. The plant life span is about 20 years, and the economic life span is generally 8 ~ 10 years.
Fruit can be eaten raw, and can also be used as vegetables and feed. Taking medicine has exciting and strong effects. Fruit pulp is juicy. Adding heavy calcium carbonate and sugar can make a fragrant and delicious drink, and can also be added to other drinks to improve the quality of the drink. Seed oil can be used in food, soap and paint manufacturing. Flowers are large and beautiful, without fragrance, and can be used as garden ornamental plants. In other areas outside China, Egg Fruit has the reputation of "king of juice" and "cash cow".
What is the difference between egg yolk and egg yolk?
Egg fruit is the usual passion fruit, which has the title of "king of juice" and has two varieties of yellow and purple; Egg yolk fruit is orange yellow, and the flesh color is close to egg yolk, hence the name.
There are more differences between the two colors of eggs.
When yellow seeds mature, the peel is bright yellow, the fruit shape is large, and the circular and star-shaped spots are obvious, with an average single fruit of 80-100g. The fruit juice content is high, up to 45%. Purple seed fruit is small, oval, and the star point is not obvious. The weight of a single fruit is 40-60g, and the fruit juice has strong fragrance and high sweetness, but the fruit juice content is low, with an average of 30%.
Egg yolk has more external characteristics.
The fruit is obovate, about 8 cm long, yellow when ripe, with egg-yellow flesh and taste like egg-yellow, hence the name egg-yellow fruit; 2-4 seeds are oval.
Related terms:
Passion fruit yolk fruit
gingkgo
Passion fruit
Latin scientific name
Delicious passion fruit
Another name
Pomegranate, passion fruit, passion fruit, rattan pomegranate
boundary
plant kingdom
door
Vascular endothelial cell
summary
Magnolia
subclass
Primitive perianth subclass
eye
Lateral fetal membrane seating order
suborder
camellia
The branch of academic or vocational research.
passifloraceae
belong to
passion flower
morphological character
Eggs and fruits (3 pieces)
Herbaceous vines, about 6 meters long; Stems with fine stripes, glabrous. The leaves are papery, 6- 13cm long and 8- 13cm wide, the base is wedge-shaped or heart-shaped, palmately 3-lobed, the middle leaf is ovoid, the lobes on both sides are oval, there are concave glands at the edge of the lobes, and there are 1-2 cup-shaped glands at the base of the proximal curve, without hair. Cymes degenerate, leaving only 1 flower, opposite to tendrils. Flowers are fragrant, about 4 cm in diameter; Pedicel 4-4.5 cm long; Bracts are green, broadly ovoid or rhombic, long 1- 1.2 cm, with irregular serrations at the edges; 5 sepals, green outside, green and white inside, 2.5-3 cm long, with 1 horn appendage at the top outside; 5 petals, equal to sepals; The outer crown lobes have 4-5 whorls, the outer 2 whorls are filiform, about the same length as petals, the base is light green, the middle is purple, the top is white, and the inner 3 whorls are narrowly triangular, about 2 mm long; The inner crown is wrinkle-free, the whole top is torn irregularly, and the height is about1-1.2mm; Disk membranous, ca. 4 mm high; The length of pistil and gynophore is 1- 1.2 cm; Stamens 5, filaments separate, base connate, 5-6 mm long, flat; Anthers oblong, 5-6 mm long, yellow-green; Ovary obovoid, about 8 mm long, pubescent; Style, flat rod-shaped, stigma kidney-shaped. Berries are ovoid, with a diameter of 3-4 cm, a longitudinal diameter of 5-7 cm and a transverse diameter of 4-6 cm. They are hairless, purple when they are mature, green when they are young and purple when they are mature. The weight of a single fruit is 60- 120 g, the shell is tough and the flesh is yellow. Fruit skin is tough and smooth. The pulp is full of yellow juice, which looks like raw egg yolk. The content of fruit juice is about 40%, and the juice yield is 28% ~ 33%. [ 1-2]?
growing environment
temperature
The optimum growth temperature of eggs is 20℃ ~ 30℃. Generally, it grows well at a temperature not lower than 0℃. When it reaches -2℃, plants will be seriously injured and even die. The area with an annual average temperature of 65438 08℃ is the most suitable for planting and easy to obtain high yield. Therefore, it is widely distributed in warm and humid areas in southern China, especially in Hainan. [2]?
moisture
Generally, when the annual rainfall is between 1500 ~ 2000mm, and the distribution is uniform, the eggs and fruits grow best, while the planting area for commercial development should not be less than1000 mm. Eggs and fruits are drought-tolerant, but in case of drought, they should be irrigated. Too dry soil will affect the development of vines and fruits. In severe cases, branches will wither, fruits will not develop and fruit will drop. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season. [3]?
illuminate
As a tropical fruit, the fruit likes plenty of sunshine to promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of branches and vines. Long-term sunshine conditions are conducive to eggplant flowering. In the area with annual sunshine hours of 2300 ~ 2800 hours, eggplant grows well, accumulates more nutrients, and the branches and vines grow fast, bearing fruit early and yielding high. The most suitable growth temperature is 20℃ ~ 30℃, generally not lower than 0℃ for good growth. When it reaches -2℃, plants will be seriously injured and even die.
land
Eggs and fruits have strong adaptability and low requirements for soil. The loam layer produced in a large area is at least 0.5 meters, with fertile and loose soil and good drainage, and the soil pH value is 5.5 ~ 6.5.
Species distribution
Eggs and fruits (2 pieces)
Cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan and Taiwan Province provinces, it sometimes escapes in the valley jungle at an altitude of180-1900m. It is native to the large and small Antilles and is widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions.
Variety classification
Yellow egg fruit
Characteristics: when ripe, the peel is bright yellow, the fruit shape is large, and the round and star-shaped spots are obvious, with an average single fruit of 80-100g. The fruit juice content is high, up to 45%, and the pH is ≈ 2.3.
Advantages: the yellow egg fruit grows vigorously, with many flowers, high yield and strong disease resistance.
Disadvantages: Cross pollination of different plants can bear fruit, and artificial pollination can ensure yield. If you don't resist cold, you will freeze to death. With high acidity and light aroma, it is generally used as industrial raw materials and processed fruit juice, which is not suitable for fresh food.
Identification: the tendrils are purple, the stems are obviously purple, and the peel is yellow when the fruit is ripe.
Purple egg fruit
The fruit shape is small, egg-shaped and the star point is not obvious. The weight of a single fruit is 40-60g, and the fruit juice has strong fragrance and high sweetness, which is suitable for fresh eating, but the fruit juice content is low, with an average of 30%. This variety is cold-tolerant and heat-tolerant, but its disease resistance is weak, its growth is weak and its yield is low.
Characteristics: Tendrils and branchlets are green, without purple, and only the mature pericarp is purple or even purple-black.
Purple egg fruit
It is a hybrid of high-quality yellow and purple eggs and fruits.
Characteristics: The skin is purple-red, the star-shaped spots are obvious, the fruit shape is large and rectangular, the weight of a single fruit is100-130g, and it has strong cold and disease resistance and vigorous growth. You don't need artificial pollination, you can pollinate yourself. The content of fruit juice is as high as 40%, the color is orange and yellow, the taste is very fragrant, and the sugar content reaches 2 1%, which is suitable for fresh eating and processing.
breeding method
Propagation by seeds and ramets.
Seed propagation
8- 1 1 The fruit will be harvested by stages when it matures at the end of the month. Choose a big and full fruit as a seed. Remove peel and pulp, take out seeds, wash, dry and store. Sow in March of the following spring. The seeds are evenly spread on the seedbed, covered with 2 cm fine soil, watered and moisturized, and the seedlings can be planted 1 year.
Select seeds
Mother trees with strong growth, neat and large fruits, consistent maturity and strong stress resistance are selected to collect seeds, and autumn mature fruits are the best. When the fruits are fully ripe, pick them, leave them indoors for a period of time to make them fully ripe, take out the seeds in the fruits, wash them, dry them in the sun and store them for sowing.
sow seeds
Eggs and fruits can be directly broadcast, but in order to facilitate early management, cultivate strong seedlings and sow them early, they are generally transplanted seedlings, which can be sown from spring to May, and the sowing time is 0.5-0.7 kg per mu. Before sowing, seeds can be soaked in clear water for 24-28 hours, or soaked in "920" and "carbendazim" to achieve the purpose of disinfection, breaking dormancy and improving germination rate. Germination is accelerated for 2-3 days after soaking, and seeds can be sown when 80% are white. The plot with good water and fertilizer conditions in the seedbed should be flat, fine and compacted, and it should be used as a wet surface, with a width of 1 m and a length of 4 ~ 6 meters. The soil of seedbed is best disinfected, and it can be watered with carbendazim and Dixintong. After sowing, cover 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm of original fine soil, manure, sawdust, etc., cover with permeable membrane (tile or arch), remove the tile membrane after emergence, and pay attention to ventilation and cooling arch membrane to prevent seedlings from being burned at high temperature.
Control pests and rodents after emergence. Water according to soil moisture and pull out weeds. When 2 ~ 3 leaves of seedlings are fully spread, thinning should be carried out. Combined with bagging, the bagged seedlings in heel and heel should be watered, because the bagged seedlings are easy to dry out.
The standard of strong seedlings: the height of seedlings is 25cm, the stem diameter is 0.6 ~ 0.8cm, the leaves are green but not dark green, the root system is developed and there are many white roots.
fissiparity
Digging out and planting differentiated seedlings germinated from plant roots. Open holes according to the row spacing and plant spacing of 30cm× 30cm, and plant 1 plant in each hole.
cultivation techniques
Choose land to build a garden.
Choose the right plot to build the garden, and the eggs don't need much soil. It is suggested that the gentle slope, terrace or flat land with rich organic matter, good drainage, deep soil layer, pH value of 5.5 ~ 6.5, convenient transportation and protection should be selected. After site selection, it should be erected in time. Eggplant is a vine fruit tree, which should be erected in time, such as hedge frame, shed frame, T-frame or simple bamboo pole support. , you can choose large scaffolding for yard planting. Scaffolding materials can be wooden columns, iron wires, bamboo columns, cement columns, stone columns, etc. The general height of scaffolding is1.8 ~ 2.5m.. According to the row spacing of (2~3) m× (3 ~ 4) m plants, the hole size is 70cm× 70cm× 70cm, and it is appropriate to plant 750 ~ 1 0,050 plants /hm2. If the density after the wet season is 1.2× 1.5m, 65438 can be reserved according to the tree condition. Planting should generally be carried out on cloudy days or sunny days after rain. When planting, fill the soil in layers and compact it, and straighten the root system. Appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam can be mixed evenly to make planting soil or covering soil. After planting, water the roots and cover them with film or straw.
Field planting
Planting time: depending on the height of seedlings, seedlings can be planted when the height is more than 25 cm, and plots with watering conditions can be planted as soon as possible. It is best to wait until the rainy season begins in 5 ~ 6 days. Because of the dry weather, the plants planted before the rainy season should be watered once every 10 ~ 15 days to keep the soil moist.
Planting density: Eggs are vine fruit trees with long branches, which are suitable for greenhouse planting, with row spacing of 2 meters and plant spacing of 2-3 meters, with about 200 plants per mu; The row spacing of single-row hedgerow cultivation is 1.7- 1.8m, and the plant spacing is 3.5-4m, about 0/00 plants per mu.
Tiantuan management
The seedling height of the seedling feeder is about 8 cm, and the dense and weak seedlings are removed occasionally, and the interval is 4-5 cm 1 seedling. After planting in the field, intertillage weeds four times a year, and apply fertilizer 1 time in autumn and spring, with manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizers. The stems and vines are more than 30 centimeters long, and the vines are climbing. During the pregnancy to the result, if the weather is dry, water should be poured in time.
Water and fertilizer management
Eggs like humidity, but they are afraid of drought. When it accumulates water, it should be drained in time. Irrigation should be done frequently during drought, especially in the fruit-bearing period, which requires a lot of water and should be filled with enough water. Scientific fertilization. In the early stage of the new species, nitrogen fertilizer was mainly mixed with peanut bran water, and each plant was sprayed with 0.2% urea and 15% peanut bran water or 15 kg human excrement twice a month. Fertilization amount increases with the growth of seedlings, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed. In order to promote early growth and rapid growth, watering is started twice 7 days after planting, with an interval of 7 days, and each bag is watered with 60 kilograms; After entering the production period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to promote flower bud differentiation, and 0.5 kg compound fertilizer and 0. 1 kg potassium fertilizer should be applied to each plant. Winter fertilizer is applied after fruit picking, mainly farm manure, with 20 kg of farm manure and 0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer applied to each plant. The fruit expands rapidly within 15 days after flowering, so the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, especially the application of potassium fertilizer to promote the rapid expansion of the fruit. Every year, the two sides of the tree alternate.
Plastic trimming
Shelf: After the seedlings resume growth, wipe off the side buds in time to make the main vine thicker, when the main vine grows to 50- 1500px. Pillars should be set to guide the shelves.
Pruning of 1-2-year-old trees: compound pruning method (double-layer four-feature shaping method) is mainly adopted. When the main vine grows to 70-2000px, two lateral vines are picked and put on the shelves respectively as the first main vine; When the plant grows to 150-4000px, two lateral vines are set aside from each lateral vine as the main branches of the second layer, which are respectively pulled in opposite directions to form a double-layer four-branch shape. During this period, the lateral branches below 2000px and between 80 and 4000 px should sprout, and all sprouted branches should be thinned or erased.
Pruning of adult trees: In order to prevent the crown from being too dense, prune as soon as possible after picking the fruit, but avoid pruning again. After harvesting the last batch of fruits in winter, all the fruiting branches are pruned from the base, leaving 3- 150px.
Freeze in winter
In areas with low temperatures, attention should be paid to cold and antifreeze, which can be covered with straw mats, orange stalks and films. At the same time, the delicate autumn leaves are cut off, most branches are shortened to the crown, and the incision is covered with film to avoid freezing the whole plant.
Fruit harvesting
Timely harvesting, harvesting after the fruit turns purple or yellow, or picking up fresh fallen fruit from the ground after the fruit matures and falls off naturally. Eggs and fruits will naturally fall to the ground when they are ripe, so they should be picked in time, and it is best to clean them within 3 days after they fall to the ground, otherwise the fruits will rot easily in the sun and rain. The time required for fruit ripening varies with the flowering period. Generally, flowers that bloom in May-June mature in 40-60 days after flowering, flowers that bloom in July-August mature in 60-80 days, flowers that bloom in September mature in 80-90 days, and flowers that bloom on or after 10 mature in more than 90 days. Egg fruit is a tropical vine evergreen fruit tree with a life span of 8- 10 years. The skin is thick and hard, which can be used for feed and pectin extraction. The fruit is spherical or rectangular, with yellow juice and black seeds, and contains protein, fat, sugar, vitamins and amino acids. Rich in nutrition, sweet and sour, with the fragrance of pomegranate, banana, strawberry, lemon, mango, sour plum and other fruits. Rich flavor and pleasant aroma, it can be eaten fresh and processed, and can be processed into fruit juice, sherbet, sour plum and so on. Fruit is very resistant to storage and transportation.
control of insect
The main diseases are seedling damping-off, epidemic disease, mosaic virus disease, stem rot and so on.
Prevention and control methods:
1. Choose clean soil for planting, keep soil water content in the field, prevent water accumulation, stay away from all kinds of melons, solanaceous vegetables and bananas, and remove burned diseased leaves and branches in time.
2. Drug control
Seedling blight: 800 times in Ku Ling and 800- 1000 times in seedling field; Epidemic disease: shikao 1000-2000 times solution, propineb 600-800 times solution. Mosaic virus disease: Xiao Ye Huang Jue 1000- 1500 times, Virin 1500-2000 times, fungicide 2000-2500 times. Stem rot: carbendazim 500-800 times solution.
primary pest
The main pests are liriomyza sativae, thrips and mites.
Control methods: Liriomyza sativae: 2,500-3,000 times of semi-latent yellow, and 6,000-10,000 times of abamectin. Thrips: 3000 times the good news. Mites: red and white mites 3000-4000 times, mites 1500-3000 times.
preventive measure
Give priority to prevention, supplemented by comprehensive control, advocate ecological control, and control pests and diseases at the initial stage of the disease.
Note: The above pesticides are forbidden to be used 30 days before fruit picking, otherwise it will be harmful to human health after eating.
Main value
Edible
Egg fruit contains 17 kinds of amino acids, and is rich in protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, SOD enzyme, microfiber and so on 165 kinds of substances beneficial to human body. Also known as the king of VC (vitamin) in fruits, it has a unique taste.
nutritional ingredient
The benefits of eating eggs and fruits:
Natural and pure, rich and sweet, sweet and sour, quenching thirst; Refreshing, relaxing bowels and preventing colorectal cancer; Bushen fitness, detoxification and beauty; Hangover relieving, liver protecting and fatigue relieving; It can lower cholesterol for hypertension and hyperglycemia; Is effective for oral ulcer, periodontitis and pharyngolaryngitis; Can be used for treating colitis and gastrointestinal diseases; Regulating blood sugar helps to prevent diabetes; Form strong bones and relieve osteoporosis; Improve human immunity and prevent diseases.
The efficacy and function of eggs
1. Eggs and fruits are rich in vitamins, microfiber, protein and other hundreds of elements that are very beneficial to human body. Their taste and fragrance are extremely wonderful, which can enhance human resistance and improve immunity, especially suitable for children and pregnant women.
Secondly, the microfibers contained in the eggs can enter the tiny parts of the human stomach for deep cleaning and detoxification, but will not cause any damage to the intestinal wall, and have the effects of improving the absorption function of the human body, conditioning the intestinal tract and strengthening the stomach;
Third, because the egg fruit can enhance the digestion and absorption function, make the human body defecate normally, and will not block the intestine, so it is also very beneficial to relieve constipation symptoms;
Fourthly, beauty beauty is not only rich in nutrition, but also gives people a sense of satiety, thus reducing people's intake of other high-calorie foods and helping to improve the nutritional absorption structure of human body, especially the Vc contained in it, which has beauty beauty and anti-aging effects.
Medicinal value
Sexual taste
Sweet; Acid; gender equality
Meridian tropism
Heart; Large intestine meridian
Functional indication
Clearing lung and moistening dryness; Tranquilize the nerves and relieve pain; Blood stops dysentery. Main cough; Dry throat; Hissing; Constipation; Insomnia; Dysmenorrhea; Joint pain; dysentery
dosage
Oral administration: decoction 10- 15g.
Various exhibitions
Compendium of Xinhua Materia Medica: Fruit: Sweet, sour and flat in nature. Has the effects of tranquilizing mind, calming heart, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. Used for dysentery, dysmenorrhea and insomnia.
Additional prescription
Treatment of exogenous wind-heat cough: 9 grams of stem and leaf, 9 grams of eight-character flower, 9 grams of loquat leaf, decoction. (Xichang Chinese herbal medicine)
Treatment of madness (mental disorder): lotus root 1 5-25g, pig heart 1 tablet (with buckle sand1g).
Treatment of insomnia: Polygonum perfoliatum fruit15g, Agrimonia pilosa 30g. Cook clothes.
Abdominal pain during menstruation: lotus seed meat 1-2, Cynanchum atratum 10g. Soak clothes.
Treatment of dysentery and fishy pain: lotus root and boxing ginseng each10g.
Fracture treatment: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb 15g. 30 grams of loquat leaves. Root bark and root of Dipsacus asperata 15g. Mash cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, mix with wine, and apply to the affected area.
Deep cleaning
Microfiber can penetrate into the smallest part of the stomach and intestines, absorb harmful substances in the body through its active genes, and completely discharge them, and can improve the composition of flora in the intestine, thus playing a barrier role in protecting the stomach from absorbing harmful substances. Passion fruit can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms in the digestive tract. The combination of passion fruit and passion fruit has a significant effect on eliminating toxins in the body, regulating the intestine, strengthening the stomach and improving the body's nutrient absorption function, and has a special elimination effect on colitis, gastroenteritis and hemorrhoids.
Detoxify and beautify
Purify the body, avoid the deposition of harmful substances in the body, and then achieve the effect of improving skin and beauty beauty.
Shape someone's posture
Eating eggs and fruits can increase the satiety of the stomach, reduce the intake of waste heat, and adsorb organic molecules such as cholesterol and bile, thus inhibiting the body's absorption of fat. Therefore, long-term consumption is conducive to improving the nutritional absorption structure of the human body, reducing body fat and shaping a healthy and beautiful posture.
Promote metabolism
The microfiber of egg fruit can promote excretion, relieve constipation symptoms, remove irritating substances stuck in the intestine, and avoid stimulating the intestine and being reabsorbed by the human body, thus reducing the incidence of colon cancer. The microfiber also has anti-tumor activity. VC in eggs participates in cholesterol metabolism, which can lower cholesterol and purify blood. In addition, rich VC, carotene and SOD enzymes in eggs can scavenge free radicals in the body and play a role in skin care and anti-aging.
Egg fruit is a natural tranquilizer, which has the function of relaxing and calming the nerves; It can treat insomnia, induce natural sleep and deep sleep, and eliminate headache and dizziness. It can also relieve all uncomfortable feelings such as headache, stomachache, frequent urination, palpitation, muscle spasm, convulsion and pain caused by anxiety, depression and tension. [6]?
Prevention and treatment of hypertension
Eating eggs and fruits often has special effect on preventing and treating hypertension.
Sedative action
Indians think that egg fruit is the best tranquilizer.
Improve immunity and delay aging.
Lycopene in eggs can scavenge free radicals, block the formation of nitrosamines, prevent cancer, prevent cardiovascular diseases, improve immunity and delay aging.
antifatigue
Natural eggs and fruits have complex effects on the central nervous system. Eggs and fruits contain nicotinic acid, which is necessary for cell respiration, and participate in various metabolic processes in the body, playing the role of anti-furuncle and preventing mental depression. Therefore, people with heavy work and mental stress should eat regularly.
Other functions
Eggs and fruits can treat insomnia, induce natural sleep and deep sleep, and eliminate headache and dizziness. Relieve headache, frequent urination and palpitation caused by anxiety, depression and tension; Improve muscle spasm, convulsion and pain caused by nervous tension; Relieve all discomfort caused by nervous tension and extreme anxiety; Improve extreme depression and mental anxiety.
chemical composition
Fruit contains pectin 1%, and the main components of pectin are galacturonic acid (82.02%) and methyl nitrate (7.9%).
plant culture
Egg fruit is the flower language and legend of passion fruit: desire
Related Legend: In American Indian legends, passion fruit is the daughter of heaven. She inherited the warm sunshine from her father and always wore a bright smile. She is the most beautiful flower in the forest and grassland. One day, when the morning star rose, passion fruit was awakened by a noise in his sleep. She opened her eyes and saw a teenager playing with water by the river. His handsome appearance attracted the princess, and passion flower fell in love with him at first sight. This boy is not like other people seen by passion fruit during the day. He is a guide at night and only appears at night. The princess likes the night guide very much, and keeps counting the time, waiting for the night to come, hoping to see the night guide.
How to eat passion fruit
You can eat it directly. Cut the passion fruit open, dig out the pulp with a spoon and eat it directly. The edible seeds are rich in high-grade protein and high-grade fat.
To make fruit juice, take a passion fruit, cut it, scoop the pulp into a cup with a spoon, add water, add a little sugar and honey to adjust the sweetness, and stir it to get a cup of nutritious fruit juice with good color and fragrance.
In addition to extracting pectin, medicinal components and processed feed, shells can also be used for soaking wine, making tea and cooking.
Tea making: Divide the fruit in two, put it in a cup, then add rock sugar and soak it in boiling water for 6 minutes.
Flavor enhancement of broth: after washing the whole fruit, put it into the broth, which can bring out the delicate flavor of the broth and make the broth taste better.
Tips for Passion Fruit: Passion fruit should not be sealed, kept fresh in refrigerator, and should not be frozen. It is best to put the fruit naked, ventilated and dry, and the prescription is not easy to deteriorate. It is normal for the shell to sag and shrink, but the flesh is sweeter.