Dalian is located at the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula, between 38 degrees 43 minutes -40 degrees north latitude 10 minutes east longitude 120 degrees 58 minutes-123 degrees 3 1 minute. It is bordered by the Bohai Sea in the northwest, the Yellow Sea in the southeast, the Shandong Peninsula across the sea, and the Bohai Bay, which is known as the "gateway to Beijing and Tianjin". The north is backed by the northeast and the hinterland is vast, so it is called "the window of the northeast". Land, sea and air transportation extend in all directions, which is very convenient. Dalian Port has established trade relations and shipping exchanges with more than 40 countries and regions in the world, and is an ideal transit port for Eurasian "continental bridge" transportation; Shenyang-Dalian Railway is connected with Shenyang-Dalian Expressway, Aida (Dalian to Aihui County, Heilongjiang Province), Heda (Dalian to Hegang, Heilongjiang Province) and Zhuang Lin (zhuanghe city to linxi county, Inner Mongolia) and other four national highways and highways at all levels, forming a dense railway and highway network, connecting the three northeastern Xinjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia; Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport is one of the four major international airports in China, with 2 international routes and 26 domestic routes. Dalian has become the hub of sea, land and air transport. The land area of Dalian is 12573.83 square kilometers, of which 6 districts in the city are 24 14.96 square kilometers, 3 cities (counties), 1 county1kloc-0/58.89 square kilometers. The coastline of Dalian is 1.906 km long, accounting for 73% of the total coastline of Liaoning Province, including 1.288 km on land and 6 1.8 km on islands.
1993, the city's cultivated land area was 287,000 hectares, accounting for 22.8% of the total land area, including 33,000 hectares of paddy fields and 254,000 hectares of dry land. The forestry land in the whole region is 424,000 hectares (according to the statistics of agricultural resources zoning survey in Dalian 1985), accounting for 33 1% of the total land area, including 344,000 hectares of forest land, 30,000 hectares of uncultivated afforestation land and 33,000 hectares of barren hills suitable for forest. The available grassland area is 267,000 hectares (according to 1985 Dalian agricultural resources zoning survey). There are 6 types of soil, and the zonal soil is brown soil, about 907,000 hectares, accounting for 8 1.5% of the total soil area. Meadow soil, paddy soil, aeolian sandy soil, saline soil and swamp soil account for 18.5%. The tidal flat resources are 66,000 hectares, accounting for 5.2% of the total land area, including 42,000 hectares along the Yellow Sea and 24,000 hectares along the Bohai Sea.
Nearly 30 kinds of metallic and nonmetallic minerals and geothermal mineral water resources have been discovered in Dalian. Among them, limestone, silica, diamond, asbestos, magnesite and talc in non-metallic minerals are of great value. The proven reserves of diamonds account for about 54% of China's total reserves. Four large primary mines and 1 placer mines have been discovered in wafangdian city. Limestone mines are concentrated in Ganjingzi District and Wafangdian City, and the proven reserves account for about 1/3 of the whole province. At present, more than a dozen large deposits and more than 100 occurrences have been discovered. The reserves of metal mineral resources are small, and the ore bodies are small, mainly distributed in Zhuanghe and Pulandian. There are 70 iron ore sites, more than 40 copper ore sites, more than 20 lead-zinc ore sites and a few precious metal sites, such as platinum (nickel), gold and molybdenum. [Port resources] There are many excellent harbors in Dalian, and the rocky shore of the harbor is 950 kilometers long. Among them, the coastal area suitable for commercial ports and fishing ports 14, with a total length of 29 kilometers; There are 6 places along the northern coast, with a total length of 8 kilometers. Established ports 1 1 (including ports under construction). Dalian Bay is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and Sanshan Island is a natural barrier. Wide water depth, calm, no silting and no freezing. Dalian Port (Dalian Port, Xianglujiao Grocery Port, Heshangdao Coal Port and Dalian New Port) and Dayaowan Port (newly built) have been built, forming a huge port group. Dalian Port has an annual throughput of 76 million tons.
Dalian has a mild climate, superior natural ecological environment, suitable for the growth and development of animals and plants, and rich biological resources. Terrestrial wild vascular plants *** 152 families, 666 genera 1747 species, including oil plants 1 10 species, medicinal plants 120 species, more than 50 species of soil pesticides, and more than 50 species of plants that can extract starch or wine raw materials. The whole region is rich in apples, and the output of hawthorn, grape and yellow peach is also large. In recent years, strawberry cultivation has been carried out. There are more than 50 species of coastal algae/kloc-0, which belong to green algae, brown algae and red algae, among which there are more than 50 species with economic value, and artificial cultivation of kelp and Undaria pinnatifida has been carried out in a large area. The average annual production capacity of coastal organic carbon is 1.4 tons/hectare. There are about 4850 species of invertebrates and 765 species of wild vertebrates in the whole region. Among them, there are 0/32 species of economically valuable or common invertebrates and 442 species of wild vertebrates. The coastal areas are rich in fish and shrimp, abalone, sea cucumber, scallops, purple sea urchins, snails and other treasures, and mussels and scallops are stocked in large areas in the bay. Wild animals such as pheasants have been domesticated in the northern mountainous areas.
Dalian is a famous summer resort and tourist hotspot city in China. It has not only the cultural and historical tourism resources of "half China Modern History Natural Museum", but also many scenic and natural tourism resources. 1998, won the title of the first batch of excellent tourist cities in China. Southern coastal scenic spot, Lushunkou scenic spot, Jinshitan scenic spot and Bingyugou scenic spot are the four major scenic spots in Dalian. Large-scale activities such as International Fashion Festival, Commodity Import and Export Fair, Fireworks and Firecrackers Spring Festival, Grasshopper Appreciation Fair, International Marathon and Ice Lantern Festival were held in Dalian, and the' 97 China Tourism Fair and the Second China Flower Fair were also successfully held. Dalian has increased investment in the development of tourism resources, further improving the tourism development pattern with the southern seashore of the city as the center and Jinshitan and Lushun as the two wings. Jinshitan National Tourism Resort has: 18 standard fairway golf course, villa leisure center, international yacht club, hunting club and other entertainment centers. Tourism resources in the city include leading forest zoo, Xinghai Square, Hutan Paradise, Binhai Road and Bangqu Island. Tourism resources in Lushun include Bai Yushan, Dongjiguan Mountain, 203 Highland and Jinshantan.
As early as 6000 years ago, our ancestors developed the Dalian area. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dalian was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong County. In the early Tang Dynasty, Dalian was under the jurisdiction of Liji House, the capital of Anton. During the Liao Dynasty, Dalian was under the jurisdiction of Tongliao Yangfu in Tokyo. Dalian was called Sanshan in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Sanshanpu in Tang Dynasty, and Sanshan Haikou and Qingniwakou in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 1980s, the Qing Dynasty built a harbor trestle, a battery and a mine camp on the north bank of Dalian Bay, which became a small town for a while. After the invasion of Russia, it was made of green mud. 65438 to 0899 were originally called Dalian. During the First and Second Opium Wars, Britain invaded Dalian. As the main battlefield of the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, Dalian experienced two major wars in modern history and became a colony of Russia and Japan for nearly half a century, including 40 years of Japanese colonial rule. 1945 In August, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and Dalian was liberated from the victory of the anti-fascist war, ending colonial rule. In September of the same year, the Preparatory Committee of Dalian Workers' Federation was established. On June+10, 5438, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Northeast Bureau sent Comrade Han Guang to Dalian as Party Secretary, and established Dalian Municipal Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Dalian Municipal Government. 1July, 946, it was changed to the prefectural committee of the brigade. 1949 to 1956 basically completed the socialist transformation; Building socialism in an all-round way from 1957 to1966; From 1966 to 1976, it experienced the "Cultural Revolution"; 1976, entering a new period of socialist modernization; 1984, the State Council approved Dalian as an open coastal city. 1985 Dalian was identified as a city under separate state planning by the State Council, enjoying provincial economic management rights.
Established in 1899, Dalian Port is the third largest port and one of the largest foreign trade ports in China. There are 65 berths for crude oil, refined oil, coal, steel, timber, grain, containers and dry goods in the port, including 35 berths above 10,000 tons, with an annual throughput of over 80 million tons. Dalian Port has trade and transportation relations with more than 50 countries and regions in the world. Dayaowan Port under construction is the largest international container transshipment deep-water port in China. It is planned to build 65.438 million deep-water berths with a designed handling capacity of 80 million tons. The first phase of the project has put four container berths and two general berths into operation, and the rest berths have started construction.
Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport is an airport approved by the state, which is located in the northwest of the city and can take off and land Boeing 747 and other large passenger planes. 49 air routes have been opened, connecting 47 cities at home and abroad.
Railway Dalian Railway is connected with the railway networks in northeast and north China. The trunk line is the main line, and there are branches such as Lushun, Jinzhuang, Nangan, Tianwu and Bailao, which extend to the east and west coast in a tree shape and connect land and sea transportation. The total length of the line is 1383.7km, of which the domestic section of the long and long line is 162km. There are 43 passenger and freight stations. The planned electrification reconstruction project of Dalian-Harbin railway will be the beginning of China Shinkansen.
The total mileage of existing highways in Dalian is 409 1 km, including 4,089 km of highways above Grade IV, 7 1 0 of highway bridges, and the highway density is 32.5 km per 100 square kilometers. There are 62 bus lines in the urban area, with a total length of 625.3 kilometers. Every 10,000 people have 18.8 standard buses, with a daily passenger flow of 2.973 million people. Dalian's post and telecommunications services (international letters, international calls, international telegrams, etc.). ) can reach more than 90 countries and regions around the world/kloc-0. Nearly 50 services, such as mobile communication, wireless paging, packet switching, DDN, CHINANET, voice message, express mail, etc. Both urban and rural communications have realized program-controlled exchange and digital transmission. By the year 2000, the total capacity of telephone exchanges in the city will reach 6.5438+500,000.
There are 5 power plants with over 50,000 kilowatts in Dalian, with generator sets 12, and the total installed capacity10.05 million kilowatts. There are 172 transmission lines in the whole region, with a total length of 2692.8 kilometers. 35 kV and above substations 128 in the whole region. Two 350,000 kW coal-fired turbogenerators in the second phase of Dalian Huaneng Power Plant have been connected to the grid for power generation. The total fresh water resources in Dalian are 4.94 billion cubic meters/year, of which the surface water resources are 36 1 100 million cubic meters/year and the groundwater resources are10.30 billion cubic meters/year. Biliu River, the largest river, is the source river for inter-basin water transfer in urban areas. Dalian has a total of water supply reservoirs 10, with a total storage capacity of 10 billion cubic meters. There are 9 water purification plants, 5/kloc-0 high-level water distribution tanks, and the total length of water supply pipe network is 3343 kilometers. Urban tap water penetration rate reached 100%.
There are two natural gas production plants with a daily production capacity of 660,000 cubic meters. Total length of gas pipeline network 1627 km. The gas supply capacity of liquefied gas is 2 1000 tons/year. By the end of 1998, the city's gasification penetration rate reached 94.7%. The total heating area of the four districts in Dalian is 42.56 million square meters, and the heating penetration rate of urban residents is 88. 19%. At present, there are 7 thermal power plants in the city, and 32 boiler rooms in areas of 7 MW and above, with a central heating area of15.42 million square meters. At present, two thermal power plants, Xianghai and Taishan, are under construction and are expected to be put into use in 2000.
Dalian has more than 30 star-rated hotels such as furama hotel, Regent Hotel, International Hotel, Kyushu Hotel, Dalian Hotel, Shangri-La Hotel and Swiss Hotel. Dalian Taoyuan Villa and Seaside Garden, built in the old city and the development zone respectively, provide very convenient living service facilities for foreign friends who come to Dalian to travel and work.
From 65438 to 0998, Dalian fully implemented the strategy of "revitalizing the city through science and education" and took the lead in entering the ranks of advanced cities in China. The city has arranged 266 scientific and technological plans, achieved 300 major scientific and technological achievements, and obtained 37 1 patented technologies granted by the state. More than 4,000 foreign experts were introduced and 6 19 trainers were sent abroad. The breeding of improved varieties and the construction of industrial high-efficiency agricultural demonstration bases have achieved initial results, and 98 new agricultural varieties have been introduced. The implementation of computer software industry project, Dalian Software Park officially started construction. More than 2,000 private scientific and technological enterprises realized a total income of 3.5 billion yuan in technology, industry and trade. The technology market turnover was 620 million yuan, an increase of 12.8% over the previous year. Hold the tenth "Winter of Popular Science" and actively promote the work of popular science in rural areas. Completed "Golden Bridge Project" 105, and provided 2502 scientific and technological consultations.
Education has developed steadily. The enrollment rate of children in the city is 77%, the enrollment rate of primary school-age children is 99.6%, and the enrollment rate of junior high school-age population is 99.3%. Ordinary colleges and universities recruit 8240 high school graduates, adult colleges and universities recruit 8872 employees and social youth, and local colleges and universities in the city recruit 8642 students. Newly built and expanded 268,000 square meters of primary and secondary school buildings, and renovated dilapidated school buildings 1.39 million square meters, and built the first batch of new high-standard school buildings in Yu Ming Senior High School. Newly-built housing for teaching and administrative staff is 54,000 square meters, and the per capita housing area of primary and secondary school teachers' families reaches 9.7 square meters.
The total population is 5.432 million, the male-female structure is 275.60: 267.60, and the natural growth rate is 265.60‰, of which the non-agricultural population 1. 1 10,000.
The total number of employees in urban and rural areas is 2,865,438+200,000, of which the primary industry accounts for 27.30%, the secondary industry accounts for 34.80% and the tertiary industry accounts for 37.90%.
Reserve talents: employees 1365438+2000, and professional technicians: 250,000. Foreign-funded enterprises currently have 200,000 employees. There are10.3 million college graduates,10.2 million professionally trained reserve workers and 62,000 other workers in the talent market every year.
Dalian is a football city, and 1992 became the first football special zone in China. Dalian Wanda Football Team won the National Football Professional League A championship four times. In the 1998 national youth football competition, Dalian won the championship with nine victories. Dalian is the "hometown of track and field", in which the "Ma Jiajun" training base is located in Dalian, and most of the main players are from Dalian. Dalian girl "Oriental Deer" Wang won the 5 km gold medal in Atlanta Olympic Games with 1996. At the 8th National Games, Dalian athletes won 22 gold medals, 15 silver medals and 6 bronze medals in one fell swoop, and swimming rookie Chen Yan set two world records and two Asian records. In the past five years, Dalian athletes have won 16 world championships and broken world records 24 times. Only 1998, in national and international competitions, Dalian athletes won 49 gold medals, including international 14. Dalian hosted the 4th National Paralympic Games, Dalian International Marathon and World Beach Volleyball Competition, which were a complete success. Dalian has fully implemented the outline of the national fitness plan, and mass sports activities have been widely carried out. It has been rated as an advanced city for mass sports in China for many years.
Dalian's medical and health undertakings have developed steadily and become a "healthy city". At present, there are 1655 health care institutions at all levels in the city, 26 beds in hospitals and health centers, and 32,543 health technicians, with 4 beds per 1,000 people. 82, doctor 2. 53 people. Medical institutions received 2 1.266 million patients and 423,000 physical examinations. The incidence of infectious diseases in the city decreased by 24.7% compared with the previous year, and the vaccination rate of children's planned immunization "four vaccines" reached 98.9%, ranking the advanced level in the country. The average life expectancy is 75.75 years (including 73.47 years for men and 77.96 years for women), the planned fertility rate is 99.9%, and the natural population growth rate is 0.223%. Breakthrough progress was made in health reform, and the medical insurance system was first implemented in large and medium-sized cities across the country. In the fourth city health inspection, it was identified as "inspection-free city" by the National Patriotic Health Association.