1, cuttage: the cuttage time is usually June-July or 9- 10, and sandy loam is suitable for cuttage. Semi-mature branches of the same year were selected for cutting, and terminal branches were the best. Shading and watering should be done in time after cutting, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened. Generally, it begins to heal 20 days after cutting and can take root in 30-40 days. There should be cold protection measures in winter, and the seedlings can grow to about 30 cm in the second year.
2. layering: layering can be divided into high pressure (air layering) and ground pressure, which can be carried out all year round. High pressure method is carried out in early April, and ground pressure method is suitable for early April or rainy season. When layering, it should be cut or annularly peeled, and separated from the mother plant after 1 year. The depth of ground pressure stratification is about 4-5 cm, and the more branches are bent, the better.
3. Grafting: the grafting propagation time is from March to April. Rootstocks are mostly Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum lucidum. Grafting methods include grafting, cutting, splitting and docking. Pay attention to shade and moistureproof when grafting. Cutting and splitting require the interface to be as low as possible. Generally, the rootstock is cut off 3 cm from the ground. After binding, the soil is cultured to the top of the scion, which makes it possible for it to take root from the scion and improve the survival rate.
4. Sowing: Sowing in winter or early spring, drilling, row spacing 15-20cm, sowing 30-40 seeds per meter, sowing amount of 8- 10kg per mu, covered with humus or burnt soil, with a thickness of about 1.5cm and covered with grass. Generally, germination begins 40-50 days after sowing and lasts for 50-60 days. Germination is very irregular. July-September is the vigorous growth period of seedlings, so attention should be paid to topdressing and drought resistance. One-year-old seedlings can leave the nursery when they grow to more than 30 cm.
5. Seedlings out of nursery: After layering seedlings and grafted seedlings take root, they can be planted in winter or planted in nursery to cultivate large seedlings. Cutting seedlings are more than 30 cm high, sowing seedlings are more than 25 cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.4 cm. They can be planted out of the nursery or transplanted to large seedling cultivation areas. When raising seedlings, the root system should be kept intact as much as possible, and should be planted in time after raising seedlings. If you need long-distance transportation, you should pay attention to moisturizing.
Variety classification of osmanthus trees
1. Osmanthus fragrans variety: Osmanthus fragrans is shrub-like, with low tree shape, short and dense branches and spherical crown. The new leaves are deep red, and the old leaves are green or yellow-green. The leaves are oval and oval, and the angle between the main vein and the lateral vein is very large, which is close to vertical. Flower buds are often solitary or 2 ~ 3 flowers overlap, and bloom in batches from September to March every year. The fragrance of flowers is not as strong as that of Yin Gui, Jingui and Dangui. The common varieties are Osmanthus fragrans Thunb. and Osmanthus fragrans Thunb., Osmanthus fragrans Thunb., Osmanthus fragrans Thunb. and Osmanthus fragrans Thunb.
2. Osmanthus fragrans variety group: Osmanthus fragrans is dioecious, with spherical crown, light gray bark and smooth and sparse lenticels. The leaves are leathery, oblong or oval, flat, with upside-down leaf margin, all leaf margins, with sparse apex, broad wedge-shaped base, blunt or short apex, 8- 10 pairs of lateral veins, obvious reticular veins on both sides, and petiole length of 8- 10 mm. The color is orange-red, the corolla is slightly buckled, and the fragrance is light. The flowering period is from late September to early June. There are osmanthus fragrans, osmanthus fragrans, cinnabar osmanthus fragrans, broadleaf red and other varieties.
3. Jingui variety group: Jingui crown is spherical, the tree body is stout, and the branches are tall and straight, which are very close. Bark is gray, lenticels are round or oval, and spring tips are stout. The leaves are dark green, oval, uneven and slightly curved. Yellow, fragrant, fruitless, flowering in autumn, with lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers. The varieties are Jingui, Dayehuang, Huangchuan Jingui, Late Jingui, Round-leaf Jingui, Xianning Late Jingui, Autumn Jingui, Bianyuan Jingui, Liushusugui, Jinshigui, and Boye Jingui.
4. Yin Gui species group: Yin Gui spherical cap, big branches, dense branches and good growth. The bark is light gray, with many and large lenticels, which look like snowflakes and are very obvious. Leaves green or dark green, oblong or oval, wide and thick, flat leaves. It blooms in the first half of September, with creamy yellow to lemon yellow color and rich aroma. It does not bear fruit after flowering and blooms in autumn. The variety is broad-leaved seeds, willow leaves, hard leaves, seeds, Kowloon, morning and evening, white knots, pure and green hills.
In what month does osmanthus blossom?
1, Jingui: Flowering from September to June, with golden color. Yin Gui: Flowering from September to 10, white or yellow-white. Dangui: The flowering period is 65438+ 10 month, and the color is orange red or orange yellow. Sijigui: There are several flowers every month, and the color is white. In addition, according to different planting areas, the flowering time of osmanthus fragrans will be slightly different. Shanghai, Anhui and Jiangsu basically opened 5438+00 in June, Northeast China in August, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in September, and Sichuan, Guangxi and Shaanxi in September.
Osmanthus fragrans will not bloom until it blooms. Osmanthus fragrans has a long life span, which can generally live for decades to hundreds of years, and some even live for thousands of years, so its flowering period is relatively late. Seeded seedlings will bloom for about ten years, cuttings will bloom for four years, and grafted Jingui seal gauge will bloom for one-fifth in the second year. Although the grafted osmanthus fragrans will bloom in the same year, it is rare. Some transplanted osmanthus trees can blossom in the same year, and some have to adapt to it for a year or two.
How much is a osmanthus sapling?
1. Variety: The variety of osmanthus seedlings determines the price of osmanthus seedlings. Osmanthus fragrans is divided into four varieties: Jingui, Yin Gui, Dangui and Sijigui. Of course, there are many small varieties in each big variety, but the prices of the small varieties below the big varieties are similar, with the highest price of osmanthus and safflower.
2. Size: Osmanthus fragrans seedlings are also large and small, and the big price is of course more expensive. For small seedlings, the industry generally distinguishes the size according to the height of seedlings (previously according to the age of trees). At present, the most commonly planted osmanthus seedlings are all about one meter high.
3. Origin: The origin of osmanthus seedlings has a great relationship with the price, because geographical relationship first leads to different costs of cultivating osmanthus seedlings in different places, which leads to a slight deviation in the price, and the cost of seedling distribution and transportation also has a great relationship with the region.
4. Quantity: The quantity of osmanthus seedlings purchased is also closely related to the price. As we all know, if anything is bought wholesale, the price will definitely be cheaper.
How can osmanthus grow well?
1, water in time: the soil in osmanthus basin should be thoroughly watered without watering, but the leaves should be sprayed with clear water once a day. After Tomb-Sweeping Day, osmanthus will be moved to the open air and watered once. Water in the morning and evening in summer, and around noon in winter, so that the water temperature is close to the soil temperature, so as not to be suddenly quenched and heated. Be careful not to accumulate water.
2. Rational fertilization: Osmanthus fragrans mainly looks at flowers and needs to supply sufficient fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied 1 ~ 2 times during bud germination, and phosphorus fertilizer is mainly applied before flower bud differentiation and flowering. Before fertilization, the pot soil should be slightly dry, loosen the soil first, let the fertilizer be absorbed, and water it the next day after fertilization.
3. Dumping pots and replacing soil: Osmanthus fragrans should be emptied and replaced once every 2-3 years, some old roots and dead roots should be cut off, and a layer of river sand or vermiculite should be spread at the bottom of pots to facilitate ventilation and drainage, and decomposed cake fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer, and the fill must be compacted. The proportion of soil used is not strict. Generally, garden soil, manure pile and river sand can be used, each accounting for 1/3.
4. Pruning and shaping: The shaping of osmanthus generally adopts the method of climbing and pruning, which should be carried out after autumn. For plants with poor tree shape, all the top branches can be cut off at 2/3 or 3/4, and plants with too dense branches should be thinned. After flowering, long branches, dead branches, pests and diseases, dense branches and twigs should be cut off.
5. Overwintering management: Osmanthus fragrans room temperature should be kept at 0 ~ 5℃ and relative humidity at 50 ~ 80%. The indoor light is better in winter, especially before the buds begin to sprout in early spring, so more sunshine is needed. The potted osmanthus will be arranged to leave the room after Grain Rain in the following year. After leaving the room, focus on the outdoor leeward and sunny places to gradually adapt to the external environment.
6. Disease control: Common diseases of osmanthus fragrans include leaf spot, sooty blotch, algae spot, root rot, iron deficiency, etc. Leaf spot, sooty blotch and algae spot can be controlled by spraying 0.5 Bordeaux solution or 5% carbendazim 500 ~ 1000 times solution, and paying attention to keeping the soil loose and breathable, which is beneficial to the occurrence of root rot and avoiding water accumulation.
7. Pest control: The common pests of osmanthus fragrans include sawflies, whiteflies, mites, white scales, yellow moths and so on. Sawflies, whiteflies and mites can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate 1500 ~ 3000 times, and the first and second generation nymphs can be sprayed with 40% omethoate 1000 times or 40% chlorpyrifos 500 times, except for white scales.
Pruning method of osmanthus bonsai
1. Ornamental pruning refers to pruning the bonsai of osmanthus trees after molding, so as to preserve and maintain the beautiful shape of osmanthus trees. This pruning is long-term and large-scale, and must be carried out carefully.
2. After shaping and pruning, the trunk and main branches of osmanthus bonsai cultivated by stumps have been determined. What needs further treatment and pruning are secondary branches and finer tertiary branches. The basic points to be mastered in the processing and pruning of these branches are: a branch must have a certain degree of twists and turns, and each branch must have a length to be beautiful.
3. When pruning, adjust the messy cross branches, overlapping branches, parallel branches and raw branches, that is, cut off one of them or thin them. For the remaining branches, they can grow thick because of the concentration of nutrients. When the cultured branches grow to a suitable thickness, they are pruned to shorten and produce a second branch. When the second branch grows to a suitable thickness, cut it again. In the future, the second and fourth branches will do the same. Generally, two branchlets are left on each branch. Branchlets are long and short. After years of pruning, the branches are short and thick, vigorous and powerful, and gradually form the required tree shape.
Sowing method of osmanthus fragrans seeds
1. In the second year from February to early April, the seeds can only be sown and raised when they crack white. Generally, the drilling method is adopted, that is, a horizontal or vertical ditch with a width of 12 cm and a depth of 3 cm is opened on the seedbed; Sow 1 germinated seeds every 6 ~ 8 cm in the ditch. When sowing, the umbilical cord should be placed sideways to avoid the radicle and young stem from bending, which will affect the growth of seedlings. In Guilin area, wide row spacing is 20 ~ 25cm, width 10 ~ 12cm, and sowing 20kg per mu can produce 25,000 ~ 30,000 seedlings.
2. Immediately after sowing, fine soil should be covered, and the thickness should not exceed 2 ~ 3 times of the transverse diameter of seeds; Level the border surface after covering the soil to avoid water accumulation; Cover with a thin layer of straw and tighten the rope to prevent the straw from being blown away by the wind; Then spray water fully with a fine-eye watering can until the soil is soaked. Covering grass and spraying water can keep the soil moist, avoid soil hardening and promote the early germination and emergence of seeds.
How to make osmanthus blossom more?
1, choose a good pot soil: osmanthus likes slightly acidic soil. Potted plants can be mixed with 5 parts of mountain mud, 3 parts of humus and 2 parts of sand, or half of humus and sandy loam can be used as culture soil. If the soil is too acidic, it will grow slowly and its leaves will turn yellow. If alkaline soil is used, the leaves will wither or even die after 2 ~ 3 months.
2. Water in time: Osmanthus fragrans should be watered with "two less and one more", that is, less water before new buds appear, less water in rainy days and more water in dry weather in summer and autumn. It is advisable to keep the water content of basin soil at about 50% at ordinary times. Drainage should be done in time in rainy days to prevent water in the basin from rotting roots, otherwise it will be easy to "drown".
3. Skillful topdressing: Osmanthus likes pig manure, and there is a saying that "get osmanthus fragrance and prepare more pig manure tanks". If osmanthus fragrans can be smeared with decomposed and thin pig manure solution after leaving the house in early spring, every 10 ~ 15 days from April to May, every 7 ~ 1 0 days from June to July, and the last time in early August, osmanthus fragrans will grow vigorously. There is no pig manure in the city, so you can use decomposed cake fertilizer solution. If fertilization is insufficient, there will be fewer branches and flowers, which will not be fragrant.
4. Proper pruning: Osmanthus fragrans has developed roots and strong germination. Mature osmanthus trees germinate twice a year. Therefore, in order to make Osmanthus fragrans flourish, it is necessary to prune it properly to maintain the physiological balance between reproductive growth and vegetative growth. Generally, it is necessary to cut off long branches, thin branches and branches of pests and diseases, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, concentrate nutrition, and promote osmanthus fragrans to breed more and fuller flower buds, and then bloom luxuriantly.