Grapefruit planting techniques:
1, soil requirements:
Choosing the land to plant grapefruit is not strict with the soil. As long as the soil layer is deep and the drainage is good, it can be planted, but sandy loam is the best. The field management of newly planted young trees needs sufficient water and fertilizer, and spraying new high-fat film can ensure that the above-ground water does not evaporate and the seedlings do not transpiration, isolate pests and diseases, shorten the slow seedling stage and accelerate the root development. The specific requirements are that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities. In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions. Spraying Wang Cuihua No.2 (Nanpin) on adult fruit trees during flower bud differentiation promoted flower bud differentiation, and inhibited summer shoot overgrowth, while spraying in late autumn inhibited winter shoot germination.
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard.
2. Planting requirements:
(1), time. Generally, it is planted after the autumn bamboo shoots mature in September-165438+10 or before the spring bamboo shoots germinate in February-March.
(2) density. The planting density is 3m× 4m, and 55-60 plants are planted per mu.
(3) Planting techniques. Digging planting holes in the soil: pulling wires at regular intervals, digging planting holes with a depth of 80cm and a width of 80cm, then pressing green manure with a depth of 50cm, and backfilling the soil with a height of 40cm for planting; Ridge planting: 8 meters, 60-80㎝ wide and 40-60cm deep, with 2 ridges per grid (width 1.5m, center distance 4m, height 20-30cm). When planting, the roots of seedlings should be trimmed appropriately, placed in the center of the planting hole, stretched and righted, and the seedlings should be gently lifted upward while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil. Water the roots, make a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, and cover it with chaff.
3. Colonization:
The planting period is generally in spring (February-March) and autumn (9-65438+1October). The planting density is 3×3.5m, and 60 plants are planted per mu. It is required to plant in a big hole with a depth of 80cm and a width of 100cm. Cooperate with the application of organic fertilizer and apply pressure in 2-3 layers. Each hole should use not less than 50 kg of organic fertilizer and 2 kg of dead fertilizer. After planting, spray water on the roots, cultivate the ridge into a tree disk with a height of 15-20cm and a diameter of 60- 100cm, and then cover it with straw.
4, young tree management:
Fertilization of young trees should be based on the principle of "diligent application and thin application", and quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times a month. And do a good job of intercropping vegetables or dwarf crops. After two years of planting, the lateral trunk shape is adopted uniformly, and the methods of supporting, pulling, hanging and controlling buds are adopted to make the crown ventilated and transparent, with many bore holes and thick mother branches. According to the growth trend of trees, ring cutting technology is adopted to increase the nutrient accumulation of branches and promote early fruit.
5, plastic trimming:
Fertilization of young trees should be based on the principle of "diligent application and thin application", and quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times a month. And do a good job of intercropping vegetables or dwarf crops. After two years of planting, the lateral trunk shape is adopted uniformly, and the methods of supporting, pulling, hanging and controlling buds are adopted to make the crown ventilated and transparent, with many bore holes and thick mother branches. According to the growth trend of trees, ring cutting technology is adopted to increase the nutrient accumulation of branches and promote early fruit.
6, flower thinning and fruit thinning protection:
When most buds grow to the size of matchsticks, they will begin to be sparse. When the bud turns white, the ear, tail and weak buds will become thinner, leaving only 4-5 strong buds in the middle. After the second physiological fruit drop, the abnormal fruit is removed, and the fruit with pests and diseases is left according to the leaf-fruit ratio of about 60-70: 1. To protect the fruit, spray 2.4-D5- 10PPm or anti-falling agent after flowering.
7, fertilization management:
The emphasis is on organic fertilizer and farmyard manure. Fruit trees generally do not need chemical fertilizers, especially chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers. The first fruit-bearing tree (3-4 years) is mainly fertilized three times after fruit picking, before spring germination and during the strong fruit period. Apply base fertilizer once in August-September after fruit picking, mainly farm manure, compound fertilizer and withered fertilizer; In February, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once before spring shoots germinate to promote the growth of spring shoots; At the beginning of June, a strong fruit fertilizer, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, was applied to promote fruit expansion and new shoot growth.
(1), fertilization principle:
It is necessary to fully meet the demand of blood orange for various nutrients, advocate more application of organic fertilizer, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided.
(2) Fertilization method:
Mainly based on soil fertilization, combined with foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted.
(1) Fertilization for young trees: apply fertilizer thinly, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn at the seedling stage (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February), and apply 0.4 kg of ammonium carbonate or 0.2 kg of urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer.
(2) Water content: irrigate when the soil is dry, and drain when the water accumulates.