⑴ Local anesthesia: inject a local anesthetic into the corresponding part to block the spinal nerve, nerve plexus or nerve trunk and thinner peripheral nerve endings, so that a certain part of the body temporarily loses sensation.

The main difference between it and general anesthesia is that the patient's consciousness disappears under general anesthesia, while the patient's consciousness is clear under local anesthesia.

⑵ Local anesthesia can be divided into spinal anesthesia, nerve tissue anesthesia, regional tissue anesthesia, local infiltration anesthesia and surface anesthesia according to different modes of administration.

⑶ Intraspinal anesthesia: local anesthetic is injected into spinal canal through spinal puncture, in which subarachnoid space is called subarachnoid block or spinal anesthesia, and epidural space is called epidural block.

⑷ Nerve block anesthesia: local anesthetics are injected into a nerve trunk (plexus) of the body to cause pain conduction block in its dominant area. Commonly used nerve blocks include brachial plexus block and femoral nerve block.

5. Regional block anesthesia: inject local anesthetic around the operation site to block the nerve endings in the operation area to achieve the purpose of anesthesia.

[6] Local infiltration anesthesia: local anesthetics are directly injected into the operation site and evenly distributed in all layers of tissues in the whole operation area to block the conduction of pain, which is a commonly used anesthesia method in clinical minor surgery.

(7) topical anesthesia: spray or coat a local anesthetic with strong permeability on the surfaces such as mucosa and conjunctiva. To produce an anesthetic effect.

Detailed description of anesthesia process:

(1) spinal anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia is a regional anesthesia.

? Before anesthesia begins, please lie on your side and curl up to expose your back to the anesthesiologist. The anesthesiologist will give you an injection in the back.

Before the injection of anesthetic, the pain at the injection site had been relieved. Then insert the fine needle. Anesthesia will last for 4-6 hours, during which your lower body will be numb.

? Other drugs will be injected intravenously during the operation to induce you to sleep. (sometimes combined with general anesthesia). A few hours after the operation, the feeling in your lower body will gradually recover.

In rare cases, you may have a headache after spinal anesthesia. The symptoms will disappear in a few days. If you have a severe headache, please consult your anesthesiologist.

⑵ Epidural anesthesia is spinal anesthesia.

Epidural anesthesia is a kind of regional anesthesia, which is usually used for upper abdominal surgery and lower body surgery.

? At the beginning of anesthesia, please lie on your side, curl up and expose your back to the anesthesiologist.

After the anesthesia begins, the anesthesiologist will give you a local anesthesia first, and then position it on your back with a special needle. A thin catheter will be placed near the spinal cord through the needle. When the fine catheter is inserted, the needle used for positioning will be removed. This small tube will remain until it is no longer needed. If necessary, an analgesic pump can be installed through this thin tube.

? During the operation, you will stay asleep by intravenous injection of sedative and hypnotic drugs or general anesthesia drugs.

? After the operation, an analgesic pump may be installed through the posterior tubule to relieve your pain within a few days after the operation. When you no longer need it, the anesthesiologist will easily pull it out and keep it painless.

⑶ Nerve block anesthesia was used for brachial plexus anesthesia.

Brachial plexus anesthesia is a kind of nerve block anesthesia and the first choice for shoulder and upper arm surgery. There are three methods: intermuscular groove method, axillary method and supraclavicular method. Here is a method of intermuscular sulcus:

Before anesthesia, the patient needs to lie flat, tilt his head to the opposite side, put a thin pillow under his shoulder, and keep his upper limbs close to his side.

? During anesthesia, the anesthesiologist will find the puncture point in the intermuscular groove; Then puncture until it is successful. If the patient has abnormal sensation (electric shock sensation) at the same time, it is a reliable sign of successful puncture. Finally, connect a local anesthetic syringe, withdraw blood, cerebrospinal fluid and a lot of gas, and then inject local anesthetic.

? During the operation, you will stay asleep by intravenous injection of sedative and hypnotic drugs or general anesthesia drugs.

Conclusion: The above are the most commonly used anesthesia methods and detailed introduction, hoping to help you understand anesthesia related knowledge! After you know, actively cooperate with the anesthesiologist, then your anesthesia will be very smooth!