Historical evolution, development history, production technology, Paleolithic age, bone carving techniques, historical evolution With the change of history, bone carving gradually evolved from daily necessities to decorations. The ancients used bones for a long time to make needles and knives, and carved words and patterns on them. The bone carving we saw is a very exquisite handicraft. It not only engraves characters on bones, but also carves lifelike three-dimensional figures, flowers and birds and other works through different knife methods. Carve and grind animal bones, such as cattle bones, camel bones, squid bones, etc. As raw materials, it usually refers to carving crafts and ground carving. Since the 20th century, China bone carvings have been mainly produced in Beijing, Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia, Fujian and Guangdong. Beijing bone carvings include cow bones, bracelets, powder boxes, paper knives and so on. Some of them are dyed. Ningbo, Zhejiang, carved with cow bones into relief landscapes, pavilions and other patterns, embedded in furniture. The bone carving in Baotou, Inner Mongolia takes camel bones as raw materials. Fujian Xianyou takes cow bones as raw materials, combines the techniques of court tooth carving, Putian wood carving and Li Geng landscape painting, inherits the tradition, develops the modernity, and produces exquisite products such as Palace Dragon Lantern, warship, fishing boat, Guan Gong, carriage, lobster and crab. Foshan, Guangdong, uses white squid bones as raw materials to carve figures, landscapes and other themes, which are exquisite. The making process of the Dragon Lantern, the lobster bone carving of the warship, and the bone carving, 1. Feeding: the thigh bones of cattle and camels are used, and their camel bones are thicker, which is the key part of making bone carvings. Crab compartment 2. Material selection: Due to osteoporosis at the joints at both ends of the thigh bone, it needs to be removed, leaving only 40cm ~ 50cm of aggregate in the middle of the leg bone. 3. Degreasing and bleaching: firstly, degrease by high-temperature physical methods, and then degrease and bleach by chemical methods to extract the grease from the bones, otherwise the bone carving works will easily change color and even become moldy. This link is very important. Each bone carving factory has its own methods, but the effects are mixed and kept secret. 4. Cutting: cutting aggregate according to the type of work to be processed. 5. Division of labor processing: Division of labor processing according to figures, animals, landscapes and buildings. 6. Final assembly and finishing before production. Paleolithic In the Paleolithic Age about 654.38 million+years ago, a drilled bone pendant was found in the cave site of Longgushan in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. They are made of fish bones, some of which are dyed red by hematite. The Neolithic bone chisel (used for tying hair) and 8577 bone beads unearthed from Jiangzhai Tomb in Lintong, Shaanxi Province are polished smoothly and have perfect and regular shapes. At Dawenkou Site in Ningyang, Shandong Province (about 25th century BC), bone-piercing tubes, bone combs and so on were unearthed, with smooth knives and exquisite skills. 1973 A long bone dagger was found at Hemudu site in Yuyao, Zhejiang. The front is carved with a double-headed eagle pattern, and the upper and lower ends are carved with patterns, which is very delicate. There were professional bone carving workshops in Shang Dynasty. Combs, knives, bowls and flower trays of bone carvings have been unearthed from Shang Dynasty sites such as Anyang, Huixian and Changping in Henan. The flower plate is about 16cm long and 7cm wide. There are two layers of gluttonous patterns carved on the upper end and strip patterns carved on the lower end, which are distinct and dense. The handle of the bone dagger is engraved with patterns such as clouds and thunder, gluttony and dragons and phoenixes. In the past, bone furniture only paid attention to smoothness. In the Shang Dynasty, it was improved into a corolla shape and engraved with patterns such as phoenix, which became a decoration inserted in the hair. In the Han Dynasty, it became a step shake. After the Han dynasty, bone carvings gradually declined, but they were still made by the people. The so-called bone carving technique is the author's treatment of image and space in bone carving creation. This technique is mainly embodied in the sense of reduction. Specifically, it is from the outside to the inside, step by step by subtracting waste, gradually revealing the shape of mining. In the subtraction modeling again and again, we can not only feel the joy of the work coming out of the shell, but also feel the special charm produced by various knife methods, and some accidental effects can make the work produce new charm. Therefore, in the artistic creation of bone carving, the most meaningful exploration is to use various knife methods to properly reflect our creative intentions. In a word, the knife method is a technical method used by sculptors to embody their creative ideas, and it is also a means to vividly reveal the artistic content. Knife twists, setbacks, bumps, ups and downs, all in order to make the work more vivid and natural, fully reflect the beauty of bone carving materials and rich beauty of carving. People who don't understand the true meaning of bone carving art don't use a knife as a ghost, but paint affectedly, fearing that the carving is not good. As a result, the knife method is rigid, and the interest of craftsmen and bone carvings can't be carved. Therefore, it is necessary to practice and ponder more, and practice makes perfect to form your own artistic language and style. Knife technique is like brushstrokes in calligraphy and painting, which can strengthen and enrich the artistic effect of works. Beautiful brushwork is formed because the technology has reached proficiency. Often copying a good painting, people find that the most difficult thing is brush strokes, because brush strokes are the product of the combination of the author's mind and skills, which is something that is difficult to embody in any imitation. Therefore, only by mastering skills and accumulating experience can we achieve our own ideal knife method. That kind of wood grain and carving marks are smooth and rough, concave and convex, arranged with round knives and cut with flat knives ... The artistic language they express has charm that sculptures of other materials can't achieve. Bone carving tools Bone carving carving knives are generally made of high-speed steel, including flat knives, round knives, left and right oblique knives, triangular knives and semicircular knives. There are many kinds according to different needs. As we all know, bone carving is a mascot with a long history in Tibet, which has the significance of attracting wealth, attracting wealth, exorcising evil spirits and ensuring peace. It is said that it can really bring people good luck, fortune, career, love, happiness, study and so on. It is not only a household name in Tibet, but also respected all over the world. Nine old paintings of Xiangshan, an old bone carving golden man in the Qing Dynasty, are a kind of water beast with a leopard body and a corner carved, crying like a baby crying and eating people. Common sense of appreciation and maintenance of bone carving can be roughly divided into six categories according to the use of bone carving crafts: utensils, furnishings, study, utensils, ornaments and vertical carvings. 1. First of all, we should distinguish between bone carving and tooth carving. The collection value of the two is very different, but there are also plastic products imitating bone carvings on the market, which is almost confusing. Plastic products are a little sticky to the touch. Burning with a little waste will catch fire immediately, but bone products will not. 2. Check whether the internal workmanship of bone products is fine and whether you like the artistic conception of the works. 3. When decorating the bone carving works, it is necessary to prevent dust, avoid too great a change in temperature difference between cold and hot, and prevent the wind from blowing directly. Otherwise, the inlaid joints are easy to crack, and the bone carving will turn yellow slightly after being placed for a long time, which is closer to the color of ivory.