(1) mental state preparation. Anesthesia and surgery will inevitably make patients feel worried or nervous, so it is necessary to understand the patient's psychological state, care for, comfort and encourage the patient, make some necessary explanations to the patient, and gain the patient's trust and cooperation. For very nervous patients, appropriate sedatives can be used at night before operation. ② Improving nutritional status: Malnutrition can reduce the tolerance of anesthesia and operation, and nutrition should be supplemented orally or by other means before operation to improve tolerance. ③ Training to meet the needs during and after operation: posture coordination, language question and answer during operation, postoperative diet, posture, defecation, incision pain, long-term infusion, oxygen inhalation, indwelling catheter and various drainage tubes, etc. , should inform patients and strive for cooperation. Used for postoperative cough, expectoration, urination, etc. , training should be conducted before operation. Quit smoking two weeks before the operation. ④ Gastrointestinal preparation: Adults undergoing elective surgery generally fasted for 65,438 0.2 hours and banned drinking for 4 hours before anesthesia; Children should fast for at least 8 hours before operation. The purpose of fasting drinking water is to prevent reflux and vomiting during anesthesia and after operation, and to avoid accidents such as pulmonary infection and even suffocation by mistake. The importance should be clearly explained to patients and their families. ⑤ Bladder preparation: Patients should be instructed to empty their bladder before entering the operating room to prevent urinary retention during operation. For critically ill patients or major surgery, indwelling catheter before operation is beneficial to observe the urine volume during anesthesia. ⑥ Oral preparation: The oral cavity should be cleaned before anesthesia, and patients with removable dentures should take off their removable dentures before entering the operating room to prevent them from falling off and being inhaled or swallowed by mistake during anesthesia. ⑦ Check blood type and cross blood before anesthesia, and prepare enough whole blood or blood components. Skin preparation, such as

Axillary brachial plexus block, shaving armpit hair before anesthesia. ⑧ Before anesthesia, the patient should be weighed, because general anesthesia is usually given according to kilograms of weight. Pet-name ruby the night before the operation to patrol the patient, if found that the patient has a cold, fever, menstrual cramps, etc. Unless it is an emergency, the anesthesia operation should be postponed.