1: soil, fertilizer, seedlings, preparation
Peony should be afraid of cold and heat, like heights, like rashness, like low humidity. It should be planted in an open place with high terrain and sunny drainage.
Peony is a succulent shrub with deep roots, and its roots can grow up to1-1.5m deep underground. Therefore, it is appropriate to choose loam silt (light sandy soil) and silty loam (mixed soil or semi-sandy and semi-muddy soil) with loose soil and deep soil layer. Waterlogged clay and flying sand are not suitable for planting, let alone saline-alkali land. Land with PH value higher than 7.8 in saline-alkali land needs to be planted in soil replacement.
In order to make peony deeply rooted and leafy, it is necessary to fertilize the soil for 1 ~ 2 months before planting in the field, and the depth is generally 0.5~0.8 meters. After bathing in the sun and fish in summer, it will promote weathering and increase soil fertility.
The best fertilizer is bean cake fertilizer, and multi-element compound fertilizer can also be applied. Apply 200 kg of bean cake fertilizer per mu, and the bean cake fertilizer can only be used after fermentation and decomposition, otherwise it will easily be infected with pests and diseases, which will easily lead to rotten roots.
Generally speaking, it is hot and humid in the south of the Yangtze River in summer in China, so it is advisable to choose Jiangnan varieties with high temperature and humidity resistance as seedlings. In the north and northwest of China, it is most suitable to choose the northwest variety group with strong cold tolerance and some central plains variety groups as seedlings; . The Central Plains has a huge variety group with rich ecotypes, including varieties with strong growth potential and wide adaptability, such as "Yin Hongqiao Dui" and "Jingui Xiangxiang", as well as varieties with strong resistance to heat and humidity, such as "Zhao Fen" and "Ling Hua Zhan Lu", as well as varieties with resistance to pests and diseases and saline-alkali land, such as "Green Xiang Qiu" and "Yupanbai". Never ignore the habit of variety groups and varieties and plant blindly.
2. Tian Tuan management
Proper management measures, robust plant growth, blooming and prolonged plant age; Otherwise, plants grow slowly or develop poorly. Therefore, according to the growth and development characteristics and different cultivation uses of peony, we should do a good job in field management in all aspects.
(1) Cut the grass and loosen the soil
Cutting grass can not only loosen the soil and circulate the air, but also increase the ground temperature in early spring. In spring, the first weeding is carried out from early February to early March. This weeding only loosened the bottom of the wintering soil, mainly to strengthen air circulation.
Every year in late March and early April, the peony is mowed for the second and third time. The second time, you must hoe deeply, generally about 10 cm, and you should hoe carefully.
Early August to late August is the key moment to weed out early weeds, and shallow hoeing should be carried out to weed out weeds before fruiting.
(2) Topdressing
Peony planted in the first year is generally not topdressing, because the base fertilizer has been completely applied before planting, and the seedlings are small and consume less nutrients. From the second year after planting, topdressing should be done 2~3 times a year. The first time is around the end of March to ensure the rapid growth of new branches and adequate nutrition for bud development. After flowering, it is the time when branches and leaves grow vigorously and flower buds begin to differentiate, so secondary topdressing should be carried out to promote the healthy growth of plants and the formation of flower buds. The third time was before beginning of winter in early June at 5438+065438+ 10. This time, the dosage can be more, which can not only improve soil fertility, but also contribute to the wintering protection of peony.
(3) shaping and pruning
Pruning of peony begins in the spring of the second year after planting (annual plants grow naturally without pruning), and the time is generally around the end of March (vernal equinox), when the bud grows to about 5 cm. The premature shoot field is not obvious, which is not convenient to weaken and maintain exuberance, and it is also vulnerable to freezing damage at low temperature; It's too late, the new branches are extended, the new branches are lignified and consume nutrients. Timely shaping and pruning.
1. The main methods to control the flowering period are temperature control, light control, day and night control, shading to prolong the flowering period, sowing date control, water control, fertilizer control, gas control and pruning.
In the long-term flower production practice, people have created many effective methods to control the flowering period according to different climate, temperature, humidity and the characteristics of flowers themselves. In recent years, science and technology have advanced by leaps and bounds, and the regulation technology of flower flowering period has also developed greatly. In particular, the rapid development of temperature-controlled flowering technology has contributed to the rapid popularization of flower production. Of course, light control, plant growth regulator control, water and fertilizer control, pruning control, sowing date control and gas control all play a very important role in flower flowering control. However, people who are eager to learn flower flowering control technology should be reminded that flower flowering control technology is a comprehensive technology. First of all, we must understand the biological characteristics of each flower plant, and then we can plant the flower plants well. Only vigorous flowers can produce high-quality flowers. Even if we master the flower control technology, we can't produce good flowers without the flower planting technology before flower control.
In addition, the flower control technology of each flower and plant is different, and when using the flower control technology, it is also affected by time, temperature, humidity, geographical environment,
Equipment and other factors. The first flower control treatment should not be too much, and should be carried out in stages and batches. Time, temperature, meteorological changes, treatment process and treatment results should be recorded, so as to sum up experience and find out the means of flower control in line with local environmental conditions. After mastering the flowering control technology, the application scope can be gradually expanded. Otherwise, it may cause undue losses.
(A) flower control methods
On the premise of meeting sunshine conditions, temperature is an extremely effective factor to promote and control flowering sooner or later. By artificially creating the temperature requirements for flower bud differentiation, flower bud maturity and flower bud development, the most suitable flowering conditions are created to achieve the purpose of controlling flowering period.
1. The method of warming is mainly to promote flowering and provide conditions for the continued growth and development of flowers and plants, so as to blossom ahead of time. Especially in winter and spring, the weather is cold, the temperature drops and the growth of most flowers and plants slows down. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, most flowers and plants stop growing and enter a dormant state in the forest, and some tropical flowers are frozen stiff. Therefore, raising the temperature to prevent flowers from entering dormancy and preventing tropical flowers from freezing injury are the main measures to bloom early. Such as chrysanthemum, peony, rhododendron, hydrangea, Daphne odora, etc.
After heat treatment, the flowering period can be advanced. As we all know, peony flowers in Luoyang, Henan and Heze, Shandong are famous all over the world. Peony flowers bloom in May every year, attracting thousands of Chinese and foreign guests from Qian Qian. However, in Guangdong, every year in the afternoon flower market during the Spring Festival, Cantonese people can witness the charming posture of peony flowers, buy a pot to enjoy at home, and enjoy the gorgeous peony 3-4 months earlier than people in the hometown of peony in Henan and Shandong. Peony flowers open in advance, mainly by means of temperature control.
(1) Take advantage of the climate advantage of high temperature in winter in the south to treat the initial flowering period. After natural low temperature treatment in the cold winter in northern China, peony flowers were transported to the south, and the natural high temperature in the south was used to break the dormancy of peony plants. After 1 many months of careful management, peony flowers are in full bloom. This is a typical treatment method to promote early flowering by using regional natural temperature difference.
(2) Use the greenhouse to keep warm. In late autumn, winter and early spring, the weather is cold, and the temperature in the greenhouse is often higher than that outside. If a film is added indoors, the insulation effect will be better. If the temperature is too low, only electric heating (including electric heaters, electric fans, electric stoves, infrared heating tubes, high-temperature light bulbs, etc.) can be used to heat the greenhouse. ) to achieve the purpose of raising the temperature of the greenhouse.
(3) Where hot water can be used for heating in power plants, the water cooling circulation system of thermal power plants can be used to circulate back to the power plants through greenhouses, which can greatly reduce energy consumption, reduce heating costs and improve the competitiveness of flower products. It is a cheap and high-value heating method.
(4) Using geothermal energy to heat places with geothermal conditions, hot water can be connected to the greenhouse through pipelines to increase the temperature of the greenhouse, which can not only increase the humidity in the greenhouse, but also reduce the cost, produce a large number of flowers and improve economic benefits.
2. How much is the cooling method? This problem is very complicated. First of all, we must always keep in mind the principle that the process of controlling the flowering period of flowers is very small, and each flower and plant has its own temperature range (this range includes two categories: one is the range of vegetative growth, and the other is the range of reproductive growth). This temperature range is different, not only the level of temperature, but also the duration of temperature.
(1) Complete flower bud development and maturity, and promote early flowering. In the process of completing vegetative growth and forming bulb hair, the flower bud differentiation stage has passed, but at this time, the bulb is taken out of the soil to dry, and then planted without low temperature treatment. You will find that these bulbs can't bloom or the quality of the flowers is difficult to compare with those treated at low temperature. It can be said that except for a few varieties of bulbous flowers that can bloom normally without low temperature treatment, most varieties must be treated at low temperature in the flower bud development stage to produce high-quality flowers in advance: this method of low temperature treatment of bulbous flowers is usually called cold storage treatment. When low temperature treatment is carried out, the best low temperature must be selected according to various bulbs and their treatment purposes. After determining the refrigeration humidity, besides keeping a temperature range, we should also pay attention to the method of gradually lowering the temperature or gradually raising the temperature. If bulbs that have been refrigerated for four months at 4℃ are taken out and immediately placed in a high-temperature environment of 25℃ or planted in a high-temperature field, the physiological disorder inside bulbs will be caused by the rapid change of temperature conditions, which will seriously affect their flowering quality and flowering period and cause unnecessary losses. Therefore, when doing cryogenic treatment, the refrigeration temperature generally needs to be gradually reduced by 4 ~ 7 (3 ~ 4℃ a day) until the required low temperature; Before the seeds treated at low temperature are taken out of the cold storage, it takes 3-5 days to gradually heat up to ensure the quality of the seeds treated at low temperature. Other flowers should also follow the above methods in the process of low temperature treatment.
(2) Low temperature vernalization promotes early flowering. Biennial herbaceous flowers are generally cold-tolerant and semi-cold-tolerant. Judging from the growth characteristics of biennial herbaceous flowers, they strictly require low-temperature vernalization to form flower buds. The development and maturity of flower buds is also called completion in low temperature environment, and then flowering in high temperature environment. Generally speaking, before flowers enter the cold storage, plants that have reached maturity should be selected for low temperature control. Otherwise, it is difficult to make the treated flowers achieve the expected purpose. Flowers that have been treated with flower control in the cold storage should be checked for dryness and wetness every few days. If the soil is dry, it should be watered properly. Lighting equipment must be installed in the cold storage. Flowers and plants can't carry out photosynthesis without light for a long time in cold storage, which will inevitably affect the growth and development of plants. Therefore, flowers and plants treated at low temperature in cold storage should be given several hours of light every day to minimize the adverse effects of long-term darkness on flower flowering. When you first leave the cold storage, you should put it in a shaded, dark and cool place, spray some water to make the treated plants have a transition period, and then gradually increase the sunshine.
(3) Using tropical high altitude mountain areas to control flowering period. In addition to bulb cold storage of bulbous flowers, it is undoubtedly an ideal place with low cost, easy operation and mass control of flowering period to establish a flower production base with high altitude (800 ~ L200m height) in the high temperature area of South China. Because temperature is the most suitable temperature range for the growth and development of most flower plants, the temperature difference between day and night is large, flower plants grow fast at this temperature condition, and the harm of pests and diseases is relatively small, which is beneficial to the differentiation and maturity of flower buds and breaking dormancy, reducing a lot of electricity consumption for flower adjustment and greatly strengthening the competitiveness of flower commodities. Enterprises that produce flowers on a large scale should attach great importance to the selection of high-altitude flower production bases, which will give you unexpected gains.
(4) Delaying flowering and using low temperature to make flowers and plants dormant. Generally, at the low temperature of 2 ~ 4℃, most bulbs of bulbous flowers can be preserved for a long time, delaying flowering and taking them out before flowering to promote cultivation, which can achieve the goal. In the low temperature environment, the growth of flowers and plants becomes slow, which prolongs the development period of the factory and the heating process of flower buds, and also delays the flowering period.
(2) Light control and flower control methods
Different flowers and plants have different requirements for light intensity and time, and the same plant has different requirements for light at different growth and development stages. However, the light factors that affect the flowering period are mainly photoperiod:
1. Short-day treatment in the season with long sunshine (usually summer), it is necessary to shade the flowers with long sunshine to delay flowering; Shading is also needed to make short-day flowers bloom in advance; Both the delayed flowering of long-day flowers and the early flowering of short-day flowers need shading, that is, when the light is small enough to meet the growth of flowers, black cloth or black plastic film is used to shade them, so that they can meet the required short-day conditions artificially in the process of flower bud differentiation and bud formation. This keeps the treated flowers and plants in the dark for a certain period of time. Do this every day. After a period of time, the flower bud differentiation is completed, so there is no need to shade. Under the condition of long sunshine, the effect of treatment can still be maintained for a long time, and the flowers bloom straight. For example, chrysanthemums and poinsettias are placed in the dark from 5 pm to 8 am the next day, and poinsettias can bloom after more than 40 days of treatment; It takes 50-70 days for chrysanthemums to bloom. Plants treated with short sunlight must grow healthily, with a height of 30 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped before treatment, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added.
2. Long sunshine treatment method In the short sunshine season (usually winter), in order to make the flowers with long sunshine bloom ahead of time, it is necessary to increase artificial auxiliary lighting; In order to delay the flowering of short-day flowers, artificial auxiliary lighting is needed. Both the early flowering of long-day flowers and the delayed flowering of short-day flowers need artificial auxiliary lighting to deal with them. Before the sun comes out, turn on the electric light and extend the light for 5-6 hours; Or use auxiliary lights to illuminate 1 2 hours in the middle of the night to interrupt the length of the dark period and achieve the purpose of adjusting the flowering period. For example, chrysanthemum is a short-day flower, which is very sensitive to light time. Light is used in early September, and artificial auxiliary lighting is stopped in the first half of June. 1 1, chrysanthemums can be opened before the Spring Festival. The light bulb is placed at 1 m above the top of chrysanthemum, and the effective lighting area of 100 watt light bulb is 4 square meters. By increasing light or shading, chrysanthemums can bloom all year round, meeting people's demand for cut chrysanthemums all year round.
(3) The treatment of day and night is reversed
Some flowers and plants bloom at night, which brings great inconvenience to people's viewing. Epiphyllum, for example, always blooms at night, from flowering to withering for 3-4 hours. So only a few people can appreciate the gorgeous appearance of epiphyllum. In order to change this phenomenon and let more people appreciate the beauty of a flash in the pan, we can take the method of reversing day and night to make the flash in the pan bloom leisurely in broad daylight. Our treatment method is: put plants with flower buds of 6-9 cm in a dark room during the day, and give them enough light from 7 pm to 6 am the next day. Generally, after 4-5 days of day and night inversion, the habit of epiphyllum flowering at night can be changed, so that it can bloom during the day and the flowering time can be prolonged.
(4) Shading and prolonging flowering period.
Some flowers and plants can't adapt to the strong sunlight, especially when they are in bud, you can use a sunshade net to shade them, or move the plants to a place with weak light intensity to prolong the flowering time. If the blooming Belgian rhododendron is exposed to the hot sun for several hours, it will wither; However, in the semi-cool environment, the opening time of each flower and the whole plant is greatly prolonged. Peony, rose, carnation and other flowers adapted to strong light can also prolong the ornamental life of each flower 1-3 days if they are properly shaded at flowering stage. Therefore, in the flowering period of flowers and plants, first of all, do not let the sun shine directly on the flowers, and secondly, reduce the temperature as much as possible to extend the viewing period of the flowers.
(5) Methods of adjusting sowing date and controlling flowers.
The concept of sowing time in flowering control measures of flower plants includes not only the sowing time of seeds, but also the time of planting bulbs and the cutting propagation time of some flower plants. Most annual and biennial herbaceous flowers are enough for sowing and reproduction, and the preservation of seeds plays an extremely important role in the germination rate of seeds. The seeds are well preserved and stored for a long time. It is easy to control the flowering time by adjusting the sowing time. The key problem is to be very clear about when and what kind of flowers to plant. How many days does it take from sowing to flowering? This problem has been solved, just sow ahead of the expected flowering time. For example, in southern China, it takes about 120 ~ 150 days for geranium to bloom. We hope geraniums will bloom before the Spring Festival (Spring Festival is in mid-February), so that we can start sowing in early September and blossom on time. Most bulbs of bulbous flowers are stored in cold storage. After the cold storage time reaches the full maturity of flower buds, the bulbs are taken out of the cold storage and placed in a high temperature environment to promote cultivation. In a short time, the cold-treated bulbs will bloom. Such as tulip, hyacinthus orientalis, lily and gladiolus. Taking bulbs out of the cold storage and cultivating them at high temperature is an important basis for us to control the flowering period of bulbs. Some herbaceous flowers are mainly propagated by cutting, and from the beginning of cutting propagation to the flowering of cutting seedlings is the basis of flowering control that we need to master. Such as four-season begonia, a bunch of safflower, chrysanthemum and so on.
(6) Water control, fertilizer control and flower control methods
Water and fertilizer are indispensable and important conditions in the whole life cycle of flowers. Flowers and plants can thrive only in a suitable water and fertilizer environment. Only by artificial jointing and flowering of robust flower plants can satisfactory results be achieved. We know that when some woody plants encounter harsh living environment (such as premature drying, serious pests and so on). ), in order to continue the needs of future generations, they will complete the whole process of flowering and fruiting in a short time. It is by using this characteristic of woody flowers that we take measures to control water so as to achieve the purpose of flowering ahead of time. For example, Rhododendron henryi (alias: bougainvillea, bougainvillea, bougainvillea) in Shenzhen, after it grows into a plant, stop watering the flowerpot until the leaflets at the top of the tip turn red, and then water it, and it will bloom soon. After flowering, the watering amount must be controlled in a small amount (watering once every 3-4 days to make the soil surface moist) to maintain continuous flowering. If you water it too much, it will soon become vegetative growth and will not bloom. When bulbs of bulbs are treated at low temperature, the humidity must be controlled. If the humidity is too high, it is easy to get sick and germinate in advance. Low humidity is beneficial to the storage of seed balls. The less water content of bulb, the earlier flower bud differentiation. Tulips, hyacinthus orientalis, lilies and other ball games are all the same. In the flower control stage, we must control the types and dosage of fertilization, apply as little or no nitrogen fertilizer as possible, and mainly apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; Too much nitrogen fertilizer affects flower bud differentiation, and only shoots and long leaves do not bloom, which leads to the failure of flower control.
(7) controlling flowers by adjusting gas.
Flowers need constant metabolic activities in the process of growth and development. During the whole breathing process of plants, in addition to mainly inhaling carbon dioxide, the air also contains other gas components, such as nitrogen and oxygen. If gases with different components are artificially added to the living environment of flowers and plants, the plants will act on their physiological and biochemical reactions after absorption, thus achieving the purpose of breaking dormancy and flowering early. Dormant bulbs such as narcissus, tulip and freesia are all smoked. 1893 found that burning sawdust in greenhouse can induce pineapple flowering. This is mainly because there is ethylene in the smoke. Treating gladiolus bulbs with gas emitted by garlic for 4 hours can shorten the dormancy period of gladiolus, bloom earlier than untreated bulbs, and the quality of flowers is good.
(8) Pruning and flower control methods
Pruning here mainly refers to pruning aimed at promoting flowering or re-flowering. Such as a bunch of red, geranium, calendula and so on. It can be pruned after flowering, then watered and fertilized to strengthen management, so that it can sprout, grow leaves and bloom again. By constantly cutting off the residual flowers of the rose, the rose can continue to bloom. Core removal treatment is beneficial to plant shaping and multi-lateral branches; The second is to delay flowering. For example, chrysanthemums generally need to be picked 3-4 times; A bouquet of red flowers should be picked for 2-3 times (the last time is to control the flowering time) and then let it bloom, in order to obtain a commercial flower with ideal plant shape and timely flowering:
Attachment: Flower control method of plant growth regulator substance treatment
Plant growth substances are substances that regulate and control plant growth and development. Plant growth substances are divided into two categories: one is called plant hormones (gibberellin and 6- benzylpurine, which play an important role in controlling flowering); The other is called plant growth regulators (mainly ethephon, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol, mepiquat chloride, etc. ). Phytohormones refer to some trace organic substances that are synthesized in plants and are not often transported to other places from the place where they are produced, and have a significant effect on growth and development. Plant growth regulators refer to some synthetic substances with plant hormone activity. Because plant growth regulators are developed with the research of plant hormones, their physiological and biochemical characteristics are closely related to those of corresponding plant hormones. It should be pointed out that the application effects of plant growth regulators in production are various. In addition to inducing flowers and plants to bloom, it can also dwarf plants, promote cuttings to take root, prevent flowers and fruits from falling off, form seedless fruits, accelerate fruit ripening, and control weeds in the field. It can not only prevent plants from falling flowers and fruits, but also sparse flowers. Can not only promote germination, but also inhibit germination. This is the result of different kinds or concentrations of plant growth substances. Therefore, when using plant growth regulators to treat the flowering period of flowers and plants, we must first see the application scope and function of the substance, and then we must find out the application concentration before we can treat it. Although the plant growth regulator is easy to use, low in production cost and obvious in effect, it cannot be regarded as a panacea. If it is not properly applied, it will not only fail to achieve the expected results, but also cause losses in production.
(1) Types and uses of several main plant growth regulators
1. Gibberellin (GA3) is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in ethanol (alcohol), acetone, ethyl acetate, etc. When in use, the crystal is dissolved in 95% alcohol until it is completely dissolved, then mixed with 20% alcohol solution, and then the alcohol is slowly poured into a certain amount of water until it is dissolved. Never pour water into human alcohol, or the crystal will reappear. The main physiological functions of gibberellin are: ① promoting cell elongation; ② Instead of long sunshine or low temperature to induce flowering; ③ inducing the formation of male flowers; (4) breaking dormancy instead of low temperature; ⑤ Delaying flowering.
2. Ethephon is a colorless crystal ethylene releasing agent. Domestic water consumption is generally 40%. It is an organic phosphonic acid compound. Soluble in water, dilute ethanol and ethylene glycol.
The main physiological functions of ethephon are: ① inducing the formation of female flowers; (2) promoting the flowering of some flowers and plants; ③ Inhibition of cell elongation and growth; ④ Promote the lateral expansion of cells.
3. Chlormequat chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound. Pure product is white crystal, easily soluble in water. At the temperature of 20℃, the solubility of CCC is greater than 100%, and it is a 40% aqueous solution made in China, which can be used after being diluted with water. Spraying on leaves often causes temporary yellow spots on the tip of leaves, and most flowers and plants are watered by soil. Chlormequat chloride is easily degraded by enzymes in soil, but it does not affect the activity of soil microorganisms.
4. Butyl hydrazide (B9) B9 is a succinic acid compound, the pure product is white crystal, and light gray powder with a general content of 95% is used in production, which is easily soluble in water, acetone and methanol. Powder can be stored for more than 4 years, and it needs to be used up the same day after being made into liquid. When in use, it is generally sprayed on the leaves. Because the cuticle on the surface of leaves will affect the absorption of drugs, you can add 0. 1% neutral washing powder or spreading agent to facilitate the full absorption of plants, and it will not take effect until the plants absorb it. If it rains within 6 hours, it needs to be sprayed again. Plants under drought or waterlogging conditions should not be treated temporarily. B9 will affect the efficacy when it meets alkali, and should not be mixed with other chemicals or pesticides.
5. Paclobutrazol (PP333) is white crystal, insoluble in water, soluble in polar organic solvents such as chloroform and dichloromethane, and the content of domestic products is about 95%. It is light brown powder, soluble in water, with a small amount of impurities precipitated. Generally suitable for soil irrigation, it has long efficacy and higher activity than chlormequat chloride, and it is a dwarf agent with potential application in ornamental machinery.
6. mepiquat chloride chloride (Pix) mepiquat chloride chloride is a white crystal, which is easily soluble in water. Generally used for foliar spraying, it can be absorbed by leaves and spread in plants, and its efficacy is slower than that of chlormequat chloride. The trade name Terpal mixed with ethephon has a better effect of delaying plant growth than using it alone.
7.6- benzylpurine (6-BA, also known as cytokinin) 6- benzylpurine is an alkaline compound, which is insoluble in water: when preparing, take crystals, completely dissolve them in a small amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then dilute the hydrochloric acid solution to a certain amount of water; 6- benzylpurine is very important for regulating the utilization period of flowering. Treatment in vegetative growth period before flower bud differentiation can increase the number of leaves: treatment near flower bud differentiation period will grow more buds; After the flower buds begin to differentiate, they can promote flowering and increase the number of buds; After the appearance of flower buds, there is no obvious effect of promoting flowers. 6- benzylpurine can promote the flowering of tulip, cyclamen, Dendrobium and rhododendron.
(2) flower control treatment method of plant growth regulators
It is very important to control the flowering period of flowering plants. First, to meet the needs of the market and festivals, control the flowering time of flowering plants; The second is to delay or promote flowering, so that many varieties that bloom in different periods can change the flowering period and bloom synchronously, achieving the spectacular scene of flowering at the same time. The New Year Flower Market in Guangdong achieved this effect by applying various flower control techniques. In order to supply flowers all year round or out of season, in addition to transporting flowers from south to north, cultivating varieties and sowing seeds and bulbs by stages, the regulation of light, temperature, fertilizer and water can also play a role in inducing or delaying flowering and increasing the number of flowers.
1. Many flowers and plants are not the length of sunshine, but rosettes under short sunshine, and they can only bolt and bloom under long sunshine. However, gibberellin has a tendency to promote the flowering of long-day flowers in short days, such as violets and petunias, but it cannot replace long-day flowers. Gibberellin can promote the formation of flower buds in long-day flowers without induction, and the effective part may be leaves. For most short-day flowers, gibberellin. But for a few short-day flowers such as chrysanthemum and impatiens, it can also promote flowering. Short-day chrysanthemum can blossom after several drops of erythromycin.
2. Breaking dormancy and replacing low-temperature gibberellin are helpful to break dormancy and can completely replace low temperature. For rhododendron, gibberellin treatment is more conducive to flowering than low temperature storage. Spraying Rhododendron with gibberellin 100 mg/kg every week 1 time, about 5 times, until the flower buds develop well, which can effectively control the different flowering periods of Rhododendron for 5 weeks, maintain the quality of flowers, increase the diameter of flowers, and do not affect the color of flowers: Cyclamen cyclamen is treated with gibberellin 25 mg/kg 60-75 days before flowering, which can achieve the purpose of flowering as scheduled. Soaking tulip bulbs with 100- 150 mg/kg gibberellin can replace cold treatment, make them bloom in greenhouse and increase flower diameter. Some synthetic plant growth regulators, such as NAA, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-b) and benzyl adenine (BA), can break the dormancy of flower buds and storage organs.
3. Use various plant growth regulators such as etomycin, ethephon and some growth inhibitors such as chlormequat chloride and B9 to promote flower bud differentiation. Even in the usual non-flowering environment, it can induce flower bud differentiation and promote flowering. It is now clear that some growth inhibitors can promote flower bud differentiation of native flower plants in tropical and subtropical regions. For example, growth inhibitors can stimulate flower bud differentiation of Rhododendron Belgium. Spraying 6- benzylpurine on the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida in July and August can promote flower bud differentiation and increase the number of flowers.
4. Plant growth inhibitors B9, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol, etc. Delaying the vegetative growth of plants, making leaves dark green and pedicels straight, increasing the number of flowers and promoting flowering. In flower production, plant growth inhibitors are usually used to delay flowering and prolong flowering. Plant growth inhibitors can be widely used in woody flowers such as azalea, seasonal flowers, camellia and so on. Treating soil with 0. 15% chlormequat can promote geranium to bloom 7 days earlier and reduce abortion. Paclobutrazol can promote the flowering of Azolla by watering the soil. Spraying 1000 mg/kg B9 on the bud of rhododendron can delay the flowering of rhododendron for 10 days. If 100-500mg/kg NAA and 2,4-d are used to treat chrysanthemum, the flowering period of chrysanthemum can be delayed, and if 500 mg/kg gibberellin is mixed, the effect will be greatly improved.