① Young Italian early red cherry trees have higher germination rate, higher branching rate, larger growth and faster crown expansion, which is beneficial to early fruiting and high yield. Therefore, when pruning, we should make full use of this feature, mainly adopt light pruning and summer pruning, advocate the combination of prevention and control, quickly expand the crown, promote the formation of flower buds and put into production as soon as possible.
(2) The buds of Italian early red cherry are precocious. Pruning measures in summer, such as pinching and twisting, can accelerate the shaping, promote the formation of flower buds and the cultivation of young trees in the growing season.
③ The growth polarity of young Italian early-born red cherry trees is very strong, and the polarization of branches is very obvious. No matter whether the peripheral long branches are cut short or not, many long branches are easy to sprout at the top, forming "three branches", "four branches", "five branches" or even more long branches, while the lower branches are mostly short branches, and few middle branches sprout. Therefore, in the case of natural growth, the crown is very obvious. If left unchecked, it will extract more long branches from the top of many long branches, consuming a lot of nutrients and water. The short branches on biennial branches will rot and die quickly, showing the situation of "before the long flow", and the lower parts will be bald soon, and these short branches are the branches that are most easily transformed into fruiting branches. Therefore, it is an extremely important task to relieve the polar growth of young trees, reduce the tension at the top (or front end), protect the short branches in the middle and lower parts and transform them into fruiting branches in time.
(4) Italian early red cherry needs high light condition. In the case of dense big branches, many peripheral branches and poor ventilation and light transmission in the crown, the inner branches and branchlets are easy to die. Therefore, reducing the number of peripheral branches, slowing down the top growth and improving the illumination in the crown are two main ways to improve the quality of branches in the crown and prolong the life of fruiting branches in the hole.
⑤ The wound healing of Italian early red cherry is weak. Unhealed and poorly healed wounds are prone to glue flow and weaken trees. Therefore, when pruning, in principle, do less wounds, especially big wounds. When large branches need to be thinned, we should pay attention to the time and method of thinning branches to facilitate wound healing.
⑥ The branch angle of long branches in young trees is small, and it is easy to form so-called "sandwich branches". With the growth of branch age, the dead tissue at the wallet is also a place where glue is easy to flow. Therefore, don't choose "sandwich branch" as the main branch.
⑦ The xylem of Italian early red cherry is thick and pruned early during dormancy, and the cuttings are easy to lose water and dry up, which affects the growth of cuttings. So it is best to prune before germination.
(2) Pruning principle
(1) Because of tree pruning, according to the shape of branches, select 4-5 large branches with appropriate orientation and consistent growth, and adjust the angle to 30-40 by means of branch pulling and opening angle; Select 5-6 lateral branches from each main branch, and the angle is 70-80. Trees with inconspicuous trunk in the middle and many branches at the base of the crown can be transformed into happy natural shapes. For trees with obvious middle stems, they can be transformed into improved trunk shapes.
(2) Give priority to thinning, clean up the big branches and remove the big branches that seriously disturb the tree shape. Be careful not to leave a stake when thinning the big branches, and the wound should not face the sky, which is conducive to healing. The second is to shrink some whorled branches, too many big branches that are too dense. In the second year after thinning, some new branches sprouting at the lower part of branches are controlled in time, the core is removed, and the branch bearing branches are cultivated; Erase time where there is no space.
(3) clean the head and improve the illumination. When the big branches are open, they are mainly pulled. For some big branches with vigorous growth, thick branches and difficulty in opening angles, you can also use the method of connecting three saws on the back of the base of big branches to open angles, so as to avoid changing heads with the branches behind them. For the peripheral branches, it is necessary to sort out the multi-head branches and implement uniaxial stretching to reduce the tension of the periphery. After opening and clearing the head, the light in the crown was improved and the development of internal branches was promoted. Combined with light cutting and slow release of the whole tree, high-quality fruiting branches were quickly formed, which laid the foundation for high quality and high yield.