Romance of the Three Kingdoms (8 1) said that Zhang Fei was eager to avenge Guan Yu, the sworn brother, and prepared the three armies to hang filial piety and attack Wu, and ordered Zhang Da to set up a white flag and white armor at the end of the account for three days. The second general said that he was "at a loss" and asked for grace, but he was beaten. Dissatisfied, he was afraid that Zhang Fei would kill them the next day, so he "hid the knife in the secret account" at night and prepared to assassinate Zhang Fei. But I saw that Zhang Fei "had to keep his eyes open" and dared not start work. Later, I heard that he "snored like thunder before he dared to approach." It turns out that Zhang Fei is different from ordinary people and "doesn't sleep a wink", which means that his eyes are always open when he sleeps. The history books "The History of the Three Kingdoms" and "Zi Jian" all recorded that Zhang Fei was subjected to fan and assassination, but did not mention Zhang Fei's "sleepless night". Whether Zhang Fei's Sleepless Night is true or the author's exaggerated description cannot be verified now. But this kind of situation exists in reality, which is called eyelid insufficiency in medicine. There are three groups of tiny muscles in the eyelid, which are closely related to the opening and closing of the eyes, and are controlled by the brain-god channel and sympathetic nerve respectively. The mechanism is complicated. Imagine two groups of muscles as a small hand, stretching from the back of the eyeball to the front. When they contract, muscle fibers open eyelids and make eyes wide. When the third group of muscles contract, the eyelids close. If the nerve that dominates the "hand" or itself continues to be excited, or the third group of muscles is weak in contraction, it may cause eyelid dysfunction. All kinds of brain diseases and tumors may cause abnormal eye muscle activity as long as they affect the cranial nerves and sympathetic nerves that dominate the eye muscles. Common facial paralysis, facial nerve injury, etc. lead to the weakening or loss of contraction function of orbicularis oculi muscle. Patients with general anesthesia, severe coma or failure will also have eyelid failure or incomplete closure due to neurological dysfunction. Some diseases can cause eye muscle abnormalities, such as severe muscle weakness, congenital short or defective upper and lower eyelids, eyelid defect caused by trauma, eyelid scar contraction and so on. Excessive eyeball or excessive orbital fat at the back of eyeball can make eyeball prominent. Such as hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, high myopia, anterior pituitary tumor, orbital space occupying lesion and orbital cellulitis. , may cause eyelid dysfunction. Normal people's eyeballs are too large or the tension of orbicularis oculi muscles is weakened, and eyelid insufficiency will occur when they fall asleep. Zhang Fei's Sleepless Eye should belong to this category if there is no disease that causes eyelid insufficiency. When sleeping, the eyelids are closed, which can keep the eyeball surface moist, effectively protect it and get enough rest. The effect of eyelid deficiency on eyeball is obvious. The eyelids can be closed by force. When sleeping, the cornea is still covered by the upper eyelid due to the upward rotation of the eyeball, and only the lower part of the bulbar conjunctiva or a small amount of the lower edge of the cornea is exposed, which will not cause serious damage. In severe cases, the eyeball can not be covered, and the cornea and conjunctiva will be damaged after long-term exposure, resulting in conjunctival congestion and hypertrophy, corneal dryness, epithelial shedding, cracking, ulcer, degeneration and turbidity, resulting in exposure keratitis, and in severe cases, perforation and blindness. In addition, because the tear point from which the tears are discharged cannot contact with the lake of tears, tears will overflow. Physiological eyelid insufficiency can be left untreated. It is necessary to treat all people caused by diseases. The principle is to remove the causes of deficiency as much as possible and protect the cornea to the maximum extent. For those with mild insufficiency, keep the eyeball moist, order moisturizing liquid (such as artificial tears) and ointment during the day, wear goggles and apply antibiotic eye ointment before going to bed. The closure of eyelid caused by cicatricial ectropion can be corrected by ectropion, early skin grafting or eyelid margin suture (temporary suture of eyelid makes eyelid fission narrow, leaving a gap in the center of eyelid fissure to see things and keep cornea and conjunctiva moist); If it is too serious to be corrected, you can wear hydrophilic soft contact lenses and suture the eyelid margin if necessary.