Gardenia flower is white and fragrant, which can be seen and worn, and its fruit can also be used as medicine, with anti-inflammatory and detoxification effects. In addition, gardenia is an ideal green flower with long green leaves and the ability to resist dust and sulfur dioxide.
Gardenia is native to southwest China. At present, the main cultivated varieties and varieties are Gardenia macrophylla (also known as Gardenia macrophylla), which has large leaves, large flowers, double petals and strong fragrance; Gardenia, short plant type, small flowers, small leaves, double petals; Single-petalled sparrow tongue, lobular flower, single-petaled, relatively wild. And gardenia ovale and gardenia microphylla.
Gardenia likes warm and humid climate, with plenty of sunshine but can't stand strong sunshine. Suitable for growing in loose, fertile, well-drained and slightly sticky acid soil, it is a typical acid flower. The suitable potting soil is 40% garden soil, 15% coarse sand, 30% dung soil and 15% humus soil.
Gardenia seedlings should pay attention to watering, keep the pot soil moist, and apply decomposed thin fertilizer frequently. It is best to water it with rainwater or fermented rice washing water. During the growing period, if the soil is irrigated with 0.2% ferrous sulfate water or alum fertilizer water every 15 days (the two can be used alternately), it can prevent the soil from becoming alkaline, and at the same time, it can supplement iron to the soil to prevent the leaves of Gardenia from turning yellow. In summer, gardenia should spray water on the leaves every morning and evening to increase the air humidity and promote the luster of the leaves. Potted gardenia, after flowering in August, only water, control the amount of water. /kloc-move indoors before the cold dew in October/October and place it in a sunny place. Strictly control watering in winter, but you can often spray leaves with clear water. From May to July every year, the vigorous growth period of gardenia will stop, and the plants will be pruned and the tips at the top will be removed to promote the germination of branches and make the plants beautiful and bloom more in the future.
Gardenia flowers are mostly propagated by cutting and layering, but they can also be propagated by sowing in separate plants, but they are rarely used. Cutting can be divided into spring cutting and autumn cutting. Spring sowing in the middle and late February; Autumn planting will be conducted from the end of September to the end of 10. Cuttings are 2-3 years old, cut into pieces of 10- 12 cm, leave two leaves on them, cut off half of them, and then insert them obliquely in the seedbed, leaving only one section on the soil surface, paying attention to shading and maintaining a certain humidity. Generally, it can take root in 1 month, and it can only be transplanted after 1 year. In the south, there is also a method of water-inserting propagation, that is, inserting cuttings on a disc made of reed stalks, floating it on the water, letting the lower part take root in the water, and then transplanting and cultivating it. Stratification can be carried out around Tomb-Sweeping Day in April or in rainy season. Select the annual robust branches of the three-year-old mother plant, pull them to the ground, and carve the buried parts on the branches. If the carved part can be dipped in 200ppm powdered acetic acid and then covered with soil for compaction, it will be easier to take root. Generally, you can leave the mother plant one month after taking root, and then transplant it with soil in the next spring.
Gardenia flowers tend to turn yellow, which is caused by many reasons, so different measures should be taken to prevent it. Yellowing disease caused by lack of fertilizer: this yellowing disease starts from the old leaves at the lower part of the plant and gradually spreads to the new leaves. Nitrogen deficiency: the leaves are yellow and the new leaves are small and crisp. Potassium deficiency: Old leaves turn from green to brown. Phosphorus deficiency: Old leaves are purple or dark red. Under the above circumstances, decomposed human excrement or cake fertilizer can be forcibly applied.
Yellowing caused by iron deficiency: this yellowing disease is manifested in new leaves. At first, the leaves were pale yellow or white, and the veins were still green. In severe cases, the veins turn yellow or white, and eventually the leaves will dry up and die. Spraying 0.2%-0.5% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution can prevent this situation.
Yellowing caused by magnesium deficiency: this yellowing disease is gradually developed from old leaves to new leaves, and the veins are still green. In severe cases, the leaves fall off and die. Spraying 0.7%-0.8% boron and magnesium fertilizer can prevent this situation. Overwatering, freezing, etc. , it will also cause the leaves to turn yellow, so pay special attention in the maintenance process.
When the indoor ventilation is poor and the temperature and humidity are too high in winter, gardenia is prone to scale insect harm and soot disease. You can scrape off scale insects with bamboo sticks, or spray 200 times of water with 20 # petroleum emulsion. For soot disease, clean water can be used to scrub or spray carbendazim 1000 times solution.
How to raise gardenia in North China
1, Soil: It is appropriate to cultivate with rich and fertile acidic soil containing humus, which is the key to the success of family planting in the north. Generally speaking, humus soil can be added with 1 serving of decomposed bean cake fertilizer and a certain amount of ferrous sulfate at the same time, or it can be put into a pot and drenched with 0.2% ferrous sulfate or alum fertilizer water for 3 ~ 5 times.
2. Cultivation: When planting with cutting seedlings and layering seedlings, it is necessary to ensure that the root system of the plant is fully stretched, and at the same time fill the gap of the root system with fine soil. The density of the fill is about 85%. Pay attention to the tightness, and the depth is about 1 cm above the root system. Water it in time after planting, and it is generally advisable to seep through the bottom of the basin.
3. Management and maintenance: Gardenia requires high air humidity, so families in the north can put clean water in the basin mat and place a thin plate (about 3 cm). It is advisable that the water in the basin should not pass through the thin plate, and the flowerpot can be placed on the thin plate. Pay attention to frequent hydration. The principle of watering is to dry thoroughly, and it is best to water with rain, snow or fermented rice washing water. If it is tap water, it should be left for 2 to 3 days before use. During the growing period, water or alum fertilizer containing 0.2% ferrous sulfate should be poured every 7 ~ 10 days. Gardenia should be placed in a cool place with scattered light in summer, and should be watered and sprayed frequently in spring, summer and early autumn to increase humidity. It is advisable to put sunshine in winter, stop fertilization and water too much. You can often wash the leaves with water close to room temperature to keep them clean, especially in rooms with heating in the north. Don't put the flowerpot in front of the radiator or air conditioner to avoid dehydration of the leaves.
Pest control: scale insects, red spiders and soot diseases occur in gardenia in summer when it is hot and poorly ventilated. 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times can be sprayed to control scale insects, 40% triamcinolone acetonide EC 1000 to 1500 times can be sprayed to control red spiders, and at the same time, the occurrence of soot disease can be reduced. For the sake of safety, washing powder solution can be sprayed at home, which also has certain effects.
5. Change the pot: Generally, the pot should be turned once every 65,438+0 to 2 years, preferably in spring. In order to effectively prevent the pot soil from alkalization, the pot can be turned once a year, and the pot button must be fastened before changing the pot. When the pot is slightly loose after drying, it is usually enough to stop pouring 10 days. When changing pots, cut off some roots, such as the roots of pests and diseases, over-breed the roots, and then plant them again.
6. Trimming: generally in spring, cut off the long branches, weak branches and other messy branches that affect the plant shape to keep the plant shape beautiful. Gardenia is the top flower, and the top core can be picked properly in the growing season to promote the growth of flower branches and increase the number of flowers.