First, select seeds with full development, large and full seeds, high germination rate and no pests and diseases. Deeply turn the seedbed, rake the surface of the border, pour water, and sow after the water is completely soaked. The thickness of covering soil is twice the diameter of seeds, and after sowing, it is covered with soaked straw or reed curtain to keep humidity. If the surface of the border is dry before the seedlings are unearthed, water can be sprayed on the reed curtain, and water is not allowed in the border, so as to prevent the seeds from scattering and affect the emergence. When the leaves are unearthed, remove the cover.

Second, thinning is generally carried out after cotyledons are sent out. After the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to pull out the seedlings that are too dense, increase the spacing between seedlings, make the air circulate and get enough sunshine to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Third, transplanting seedlings should be carried out when the soil in the seedbed is not particularly dry to prevent root damage. For seedlings transplanted with bare roots, the soil should be excavated in blocks when the seedlings are raised, and then the root groups should be loosened and pulled out from the clods, and care should be taken not to pull hard to avoid damaging the roots. For transplanted seedlings with soil, first shovel the soil around the seedlings by hand, and then shovel the seedlings with the shovel at the bottom, so as not to damage the soil. Both seedlings with soil and bare roots should be transplanted quickly to prevent root wilting from affecting survival. Transplanting should be carried out on a calm and cloudy day, and the survival rate of transplanting is high before and after rainfall. Planting and transplanting methods are the same, and seedlings are planted in flower beds at a certain spacing. When planting, the roots of plants should be natural, not bent, and planted too deep, otherwise they will not grow.

Fourth, shape 1. Picking the heart and removing the terminal bud of the branch is called pinching. It can inhibit the growth of branches, promote the dwarfing of plants and prolong the flowering period. Herbaceous flowers are usually picked 1 to 3 times, and some need 7 to 8 times. The flowers suitable for pinching are zinnia, a bunch of safflower, chrysanthemum, marigold, dahlia and so on. 2. The purpose of bud removal is to remove too many axillary buds, limit the number of branch buds and improve the flowering quality. Bud stripping is usually to remove side buds, keep top buds or remove early buds, such as chrysanthemum. 3. Some vertically branched flower plants are relatively tall and prone to lodging, so it is necessary to set up columns in time and tie them gently with ropes. The column work of dahlia, chrysanthemum and other flowers is best carried out before watering or around noon.

Pruning is to regulate growth and development. The specific pruning measures of a certain part or organ of flowers can be divided into heavy pruning, medium pruning and light pruning. After flowering 1 ~ 2 years, the growth potential of Pelargonium graveolens and Hibiscus is weakened, and two or three buds can be kept at the base of the lateral branches, which can be pruned again and given enough water to make them grow new branches again. Most of the intermediate pruning is to eliminate long branches, pests and diseases and abnormal branches. Light pruning is used to remove redundant lateral branches and irregular branches to adjust the plant type of flowers, and is often used as the main planting material of flower beds and flowers.

Six, topdressing is often used in decomposed human urine, cake fertilizer and liquid application, urea, calcium superphosphate and other fertilizers can also be applied, but the concentration requirements are low, generally 1% ~ 3%. The principle of fertilization is to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and the amount of fertilization varies with plant size and soil moisture, especially for young seedlings. Ordinary people's feces should be diluted by 5 to 10 times, and cake fertilizer should be diluted by more than 100 times (that is, cake fertilizer should be added with 10 times of water retting to make it fully fermented, and then diluted by 10 times when used). Water again the next morning after fertilization, which is called "backwater" to prevent root rot. Organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed before it can be applied. Topdressing can be used for 5-6 times for ground-planted flowers, and topdressing before bud, after bud, before flowering, after flowering and before and after fruiting is the most ideal. Don't apply fertilizer when budding, otherwise it will cause falling flowers. Plants with pests and diseases should not be fertilized, and thin fertilizer should be applied to restore growth after killing.