Fertilization is mainly based on base fertilizer after pruning in winter, 2% calcium superphosphate is added to decomposed manure or compost, and it is furrowed and applied to people, each plant 1- 1.5 kg. Top dressing 1 time every 30-40 days in the growing season, using decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer or 1% urea liquid fertilizer. Combined with fertilization and watering, water for 20 days in dry season 1 time, stop watering in rainy season and pay attention to drainage, and pour enough frozen water before winter. Water and fertilizer management should also pay attention to stopping fertilizer after autumn to prevent autumn shoots from growing white and freezing. When the leaves begin to spread out in spring, new roots will grow in large numbers, and thick fertilizer cannot be applied to avoid new roots being hurt.
Pruning of Chinese rose should be carried out in early winter, and premature pruning will easily lead to shady new branches and freeze injury. The degree of pruning depends on the required tree shape, and each tree should have 3-5 thick trunks. Usually, short plants and large flowers are required to be cut low, that is, cut 30-45 cm from the ground; If the plant is tall and has many flowers, it should be sheared at 75- 120 cm above the ground. The inside technology of crown needs to be drained, and diseased branches, insect branches and dead branches need to be cut off. When transplanting larger plants, it is also necessary to prune again, and roses with strong uprightness can also be cut into single trunk trees.
Propagation method: Rose is propagated mainly by cutting and grafting. The best cutting time is semi-hardwood cutting in the middle and late May after the initial flowering period, or hardwood cutting in the late June of 65438+ 10. Cutting substrate can be well-drained garden soil, sandy soil and vermiculite. The cutting bed should be closed with plastic film to shade more than 70%. Foliar spraying at noon every day 1 time. Hard-branch cutting is carried out in May, and roots are born in 4-20 days, and can be transplanted into pots after 20 days of rooting. Branch cuttings are commonly used in family cuttings. 5438+ 10 June, after cutting, fill the seedbed with water, and then seal it with plastic film. It can take root in April of the following spring and can be transplanted into pots in May. Roses can also be inserted in water, and cuttings have two leaves. Change the water once a week 1 time, and get proper sunshine, 1 month can take root. Rooting needs more sunshine in winter, and the suitable water insertion temperature is 16-20℃.
Grafting is also easy. Qiang Tibetan seedlings have many flowers and are often used as rootstocks, which can be germinated, cut and split by tender branches. Bud grafting can be carried out in June-August. Cutting can be carried out in the early stage of germination, and the germination time is different in different climatic conditions, so we should pay attention to seize the opportunity. Grafting of shoots is carried out in the growing season. When the rootstock shoots new buds, the new buds should be cut off 3-6 cm away from the old strips for grafting, and the scion should also use tender buds, the thickness of which should be equivalent to that of the rootstock. After connection, bind it with plastic film strips and shade it properly, about 10 day. Autumn roses are easy to survive, with a large number of cuttings and simple management, and the surviving seedlings also have the characteristics of not sprouting rootstocks.
The combination of pruning and cutting propagation of late autumn rose is easy to obtain materials and has high survival rate. Take Beijing as an example, it is better to plant rose in autumn from late June 65438+ 10 to early October165438+10. If it is too early, the rose plants will grow, and the dormant buds at the lower part will germinate after pruning. If it is too late, the cuttings will not take root because of the low temperature.
Choose healthy upper branches for cuttings, and the lower branches are too lignified to take root. The cutting length should be 5- 10 cm (including three buds). The cutting depth is 3-5cm. When the lower part is cut at an oblique angle, two leaflets can be left in the cuttings, but leaves cannot be left in autumn and winter cuttings, which is not exactly the same as the growth period of Chinese rose.
The bed should be inserted in a sunny and warm place with a pit depth of 50-80 cm. The top of the pit is made into an inclined plane for sunlight and covered with a transparent plastic film. The size of the pit depends on the number of cuttings, and the spacing between cuttings is 5 cm. The cutting medium is generally clean fine sand, and the sand layer is about 15-20cm thick. Humic soil should be spread under the sand layer to facilitate the growth of seedlings after cutting survival.
In order to keep the temperature of the transplanting bed, it should be covered with thermal insulation materials such as straw curtains at night to ensure that the seedbed will not freeze in the coldest conditions. In addition to cloudy days, snow and other bad weather, we should always open the straw curtain every day, even in the coldest weather. Keeping the temperature in the bed relatively stable is very beneficial to the growth of cutting seedlings.
It should be noted that the temperature in the seedbed should not be too high when cutting, because the cuttings are in the healing stage at this time, and too high temperature is easy to cause infection, so the seedbed should be properly shaded before the end of 10.
If the seedbed is shallow and in a high drought area, attention should be paid to supplementing the water in the seedbed; Especially on the back of the seedbed, the sunlight is direct, the water is easy to evaporate, and more attention should be paid to hydrating in early spring. After the rose survives, due to the lack of nutrition in sandy soil, some light urea solution can be properly applied after early spring (February) to meet the needs of seedling growth. Under normal management, it is expected that cuttings will take root in early June and mid-June in May 438+February, and tender leaves will be gradually released. However, after the "winter solstice", the climate will turn cold, and more attention should be paid to antifreeze at this time. The weather became warmer after April. In order to avoid damage to seedlings, attention should be paid to ventilation. By May, the root system of seedlings has developed, and at this time, seedlings can be transplanted and planted separately. But the seedlings planted separately should pay special attention to wind protection.
It should be noted that in spring, roses begin to sprout in March, which is a good time to plant roses in pots. The following aspects should be paid attention to when planting roses in spring:
First of all, we should choose a good basin and prepare the soil. Pots for planting Chinese roses should use pottery pots, while ceramic pots and plastic pots are generally not suitable because of poor air permeability. Generally speaking, it is more suitable to use 20 cm pottery pots for rose seedlings of 1 to 2 years old, and the balcony can be larger. The soil used for the upper basin should be loose and breathable. Humus soil and horse manure should be used if possible. Sandy loam can also be mixed with loose substances such as sand, coal ash and sawdust for temporary emergency to facilitate drainage. Don't use pastoral soil directly.
The bottom of the basin should be tiled and fertilized. Slow-acting fertilizers, such as horseshoes and hoof horns, should be used as base fertilizers, and bone meal is also a good base fertilizer. Fertilizers, fish maws, chicken intestines, hemp residues, soybeans and other fast-acting fertilizers that are not fully decomposed must not be applied to the pot soil, so as not to affect the growth of new roots because of fertilizer flushing. When filling the basin, the soil should not be too full, leaving a margin of about 3 cm away from the basin to facilitate watering. After the basin is put on, it should be fully watered and breathable. The basin should be placed in a warm and sunny place, and special attention should be paid to wind protection after the basin is put on. Spraying chemicals to control pests, such as sulfur mixture and Bordeaux mixture, and using fenvalerate and dicofol to control aphids, red spiders and other pests. The roses on the pot should be reshaped and bud broken. Generally, an upright rose should try to keep the outer buds, while an expanded rose can keep the inner buds to make the tree round. You can't leave too many buds in each pot. Generally, 3 ~ 4 strong strips are left in each pot, and 1 ~ 2 strong buds are left in each pot. It is enough to leave 4 ~ 5 buds in each pot, and all the remaining buds should be broken off. Don't be sorry. In the case of grafted seedlings, more attention should be paid to the removal of rootstock buds. The water should be "dry when wet", and the roots and leaves will not be released after the pot is put on. It is necessary to properly control the water to promote the growth of new buds. Topdressing should not be too early, and some hemp residue or liquid fertilizer can be applied after germination. By May, the Chinese rose will be in full bloom.