Xue, a professor at the Chinese Department of Donghai University in Taiwan Province, believes that willow trees have certain symbolic significance in Jin Dynasty literature:
1. is considered as a rare tree where the spirits of heaven and earth gather. It is called "parasitism with spirit" and "bell of spirit".
2. It can combine rigidity with softness, be neutral, and protect the body (beauty) without making any meaningless sacrifices, thus respecting the solemnity of life and maintaining its richness and value. The so-called "should be neutral and soft" and "rich in protection".
3. It can take root and build a foundation, it has principles, it can persist, and it will never shake the foundation at will, which is worthy of respect. As the saying goes, "take root and build a foundation, firmly stand on Mount Tai" and "be faithful and respectable".
Although it was cut off by a ruler (it was cut off from the original tree and transplanted into a foot-long fragment, which was greatly damaged from birth), it still can live stronger and grow stronger, and the tenacity of life completely broke through all the difficulties in the growing environment. The so-called "only when the ruler is broken can we plant it" and "although the ruler is broken, it is overnourished".
5. After it breaks through the predicament and grows, it can spread widely, regardless of each other, and benefit all beings and all groups. As the saying goes, "tell it widely, it's all in the sky."
6. It can grow widely without geographical restrictions. It doesn't care about the changes in the external environment, but develops normally. The so-called "no soil and no plants" and "repeated relocation of main roads".
7. It can grow without deformation. The so-called "mating is natural."
Mr. Xue further explained the symbolic meaning of "Liu". He said: "From Liu Fu written by some scholars from Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, we can know that Liu Shu had some special significance at that time. And this special meaning is precisely the characteristics that Tao wants to use to imply his own thoughts, situations, personalities and behaviors. This is why he has a soft spot for willow trees. He specially wrote an article like Biography of Mr. Wuliu to show his knowledge to the world as his own situation. (On the symbolic significance of Tao Qian's "Five Willows", published in the eighth issue of Donghai Chinese News)
Guiyuanju (1)
No vulgar rhyme 2, naturally love Qiushan.
Fall into the dust net by mistake, for thirty years.
I love Lao Lin, and the fish in the pond miss Lao Yuan.
Open up wasteland in the south. Dull, go back to the country.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
Warm people's village ⑤, the smoke in Yiyi market ⑤.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
The house is clean and messy, and there are vacant rooms.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Precautions:
(1) The author resigned from Peng Guitian in November at the age of four (405), and "Five Songs Going Home" may be written in the following year. This is the first song, which tells me that it is natural to leave my official career and return to the countryside. In that simple rural life, I felt the pleasure of getting rid of bondage and returning to nature.
2 "Suitable for common customs", suitable for common customs. "rhyme", demeanor.
3 "dust net", the bondage of secular affairs and personnel, mainly refers to official career here.
(4) "Thirty years", some people suspect that it is thirteen years, because the number of years experienced by the author from his first appointment to Peng's resignation is thirteen years, not thirty years. Some people suspect that "three" is "already".
5 "dim", faint and ugly.
6 "Yi Yi", gentle in appearance. In the market, in the village.
Second, ①
There are few people in the wild, and there are few poor lanes.
This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts.
When complex market music is in ④, grass * * * and ⑤.
When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.
My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day.
Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
Precautions:
(1) the original column in the second song, write friends scarce after seclusion, all worldly concerns were rejected, only care about mulberry mother.
② "personnel" refers to dealing with people.
3 "martingale". A belt tied around a horse's neck when driving. This sentence means living in a secluded place with few chariots and horses.
4 "Qu", a secluded place. "Street Song" is still homesick. This sentence is written as "people in the market".
(5) "wear" and pass.
Tao Yuanming's reclusive life
Tao Yuanming stayed away from the dirty officialdom where he could not display his ambition, retired to the pastoral life he loved, and tried to satisfy himself with pastoral fun and live a leisurely retirement life. "There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine huts. Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital. The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. Houses are free from dust and clutter, and empty rooms are more leisurely and comfortable "(the first song of" Returning to the Pastoral Residence "). What a simple and quiet pastoral scenery. Can you live in it without leisure? "When the complex market song, grass * * *. There are no miscellaneous words when we meet, and Sang Ma has a long way to go "(the second song of Returning to the Pastoral Residence), and leisure life is also among them. There is even more "building a house is human, but there are no horses and chariots." "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely" (the fifth song of Drinking), and the leisurely life is vividly on the paper. And "make wine, I'll pour it when it's cooked." Weak children play on my side, learning language is not perfect. "The happiness of the family is also expressed, so it is very happy.
However, no matter how contented Tao Yuanming is with the pleasure of rural life, how he treats life with a natural attitude, and sometimes even tries to forget the world with drunkenness, the cruel social reality and the depression of unsuccessful ambitions have never really freed him. Living with farmers has made him pay attention to the painful life of the working people. "Excuse me, who is this person?" The wage earners told me that I can't rest in peace after death "(the fourth song of" Returning to the Pastoral Residence "), paying close attention to the miserable life of the working people and expressing deep sympathy. "Treating waste and filth in the morning and bringing the lotus home" (the third part of "Returning to the pastoral home") also reflects the hardships of labor and makes people sad. At the same time, the depression of unsuccessful ambition does not make him suffer from time to time. The poet was very dissatisfied with the dirty officialdom like a caged bird, expecting people to "hate many fallacies" and "forgive intoxicating people" (the last song of drinking), and strongly criticized the social reality at that time. Poets are unwilling to be ambitious. In his later miscellaneous poems, I still remember the great ambition of "aiming high when I was young and fleeing all over the world". The sun and the moon voted for people and deliberately refused to hire them. I am sad and angry when I think of it, but I can't be quiet in the end "(the second poem of Miscellaneous Poems), which vividly shows the extreme anxiety of being unwilling to be politically frustrated when I live in seclusion, and expresses the indignation and pain that my ambition is hard to pay. His courage to resist and revenge in the gentry society, as well as his strong hatred of feudal rule and officialdom, are all manifested in Reading Mountain Classics and Jing Ke Fu.
Mr. Lu Xun once said: "(Tao Yuanming) is not all quiet", which tells the other side of Tao Yuanming's leisurely and secluded life: his ambition of "helping the poor" is like an immortal fire burning in his heart. This is also his "so great" side.
Biography of Xu Wenchang
Yuan Hongdao
Xu Wei, with a long word, is Yin Shan's favorite pupil. When Xue went to school, he was very talented and had the vision of a national scholar. However, thousands of strange, tried and tested, Zhong Chenghu Gong Zongxian heard about this, a guest curtain call. Every time Wen Chang sees it, he wears a black towel and talks about what is happening in the world. Gong Hu was overjoyed. At that time, the governor counted the border guards, Wei in the southeast of the town. The person who introduced me didn't dare to look up, but Wen Chang was proud of his subordinates. The discussant knows Liu Zhenchang and Yun. You will get a white deer, which is a long list. On the table, Yong Ling is very happy. The public is a strange thing, and all the notes are not in their hands. Wen Chang is conceited and resourceful, curious and resourceful, and talks about many soldiers. Those who think life is meaningless are not even.
Wen Chang has lost his ambition to be a secretary, so he is a wild man, enjoying the scenery. Go to the land of Qi, Lu, Yan and Zhao, and visit the poor desert. What he saw was a landslide, a sea stand, thunder in the sand, the wind singing and trees dying. There were many valleys, people, fish and birds, and everything could be shocked and stunned. There is an indelible anger in his chest, and the hero is helpless, so he is a poem, as warm as a smile, as a water gorge, as unearthed as a species, as a widow cries at night, and as a result he is cold. Although his physique is sometimes humble, he is ingenious and has the spirit of a king, which is unexpected for those who serve others rather than women. Literature is insightful, spiritual and strict in law. It does not harm talents by simulation, nor does it harm people by discussion. Korea and Zeng are also in Asia. The length of the text is elegant and out of step with the times. At that time, the so-called Sao Tan main league, the length of the text were all enslaved, so its name was not yue. Sad husband! He likes to write books, and his brushwork is bold and unrestrained, like his poems. He is full of vigor, and Ouyang Gong said that "the demon has its own residual state". Among the rest, flowers and birds are overflowing, all of which are superb.
The pawn was suspected of killing his second wife and died in prison. Zhang Taishi Bianyuan tried to solve it, but he got it. When you are old, you are deeply resentful, and it is good to pretend to be crazy. Show it to the door, or refuse to accept it. You bring money to the restaurant and ask the servant to drink it. Or self-sustaining axe to break its head, blood quilt, skull are broken, friction sound. Or cut off his ear with profit, and go deeper than an inch, but he won't die. Zhou said: "The poems in his later years are unique, and there is no engraving. They are collected at home. " In those days, some officials exceeded their authority; Thanks for the transcription, it hasn't arrived yet. I saw Xu Wenchang Collection and Bian Que.
However, Wen Chang died of anger because he was depressed. Shi Gong said, "Sir, I am amazed at counting, so I am crazy about it. Crazy disease unceasingly, hence the prison. Scholars in ancient and modern times complain that there is no gentleman. " Although Gong Hu is a hero in the world, he is a hero of Yongling. The etiquette in the curtain is different, which shows that Hu has the wind of a gentleman. On the table, the host is happy, and the host knows that there is a gentleman. Being single is not expensive. The rise of Mr. Wang's poetry has swept away the dirty habits of modern times, which is gone forever and has its own conclusion. Why not meet him? After reading the book, Meikesheng said, "Wen is my old friend. Illness is strange to people, and people are strange to poetry." I said the length of the text was nothing but not surprising. Nothing strange, nothing strange. Sad husband!
Hint: Xu Wenchang was a famous writer from Jiajing to Wanli in Ming Dynasty. He had a literary reputation when he was young, but he was admitted to a scholar and tried every time. He likes to talk about the art of war, and he took an active part in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression on the southeast coast at that time. He once joined Hu Zongxian, the military commander of Zhejiang and Fujian, and participated in the anti-Japanese plan. He wrote two plans, claiming that "it is the general plan to taste the hidden soldiers, encircle the boat and steal the base, and measure the terrain." After Hu Zongxian was arrested and imprisoned, he was also implicated, anxious and mad, and died of depression. He is not talented enough, highly respected in his official career and unsuccessful in literature. At the same time, he and Wang Shizhen were opponents of Li and Wang. He once criticized the retro school, saying that an individual is a human being, and "learning is a bird language" (preface to Ye Shi). Retro school prevailed at that time. Wang He and Li's works are all over the world, so he is naturally left out. Xu Wenchang's collected works were published before his death, but little was known. Four years after his death, Yuan Hongdao came across Bian Que, his collection of poems, at his home in Tao Wangling. He was amazed and lamented that he had never seen it before, so he wrote this biography.
Xu Wenchang was down and out all his life, and his unfairness was reflected in his poems. "He was angry and annoyed. He spoke loudly and stopped asking the ancients what statutes were." His poems are the pioneers of the public security school, especially his criticism of the falsehood of Neo-Confucianism, his advocacy of his own suitability, his contempt for etiquette, his arrogant attitude and his connection with the spirit of public security. Therefore, this biography of Yuan Hongdao is different from the general description of characters. The full text begins with Xu Wenchang's poems, highlighting his bumpy life, showing his sympathy, admiration and affection, and expressing the author's strong spirit of being proud of the world and taking vulgarity as a disease.
Mr. Zanwuliu
Hongseong
I have seen Xiong Wen in Qing History.
Today's heart will last for a thousand years.
Looking forward to a hundred tears,
Lonely bronze camel till dusk.
Jingwei holds a stone heart and never dies.
Xingtian will always dance with Qizhi.
Who knows how to be romantic and no one can solve it,
I was singing and crying.