1. Genetic theory
Vitiligo can appear in twins and families, indicating that heredity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. It is considered that vitiligo has incomplete penetrance and there are many pathogenic sites in the gene.
2. Autoimmune theory
Vitiligo can be complicated with autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid diseases, diabetes, chronic adrenal hypofunction, pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, malignant melanoma and so on. Specific antibodies of various organs can also be detected in serum, such as anti-thyroid antibody, anti-gastric parietal cell antibody, anti-adrenal antibody, anti-parathyroid antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-melanocyte antibody and so on.
3. Psychoneurochemical theory
Mental factors are closely related to the onset of vitiligo. Most patients have mental trauma, excessive tension, depression or depression in the onset or development stage of skin lesions. There is degeneration of nerve endings in leukoplakia, which also supports the neurochemical theory.
4. Melanocyte self-destruction theory
Antibodies and T lymphocytes can be produced in patients with vitiligo, indicating that immune response may lead to the destruction of melanocytes. Toxic melanin precursors synthesized by cells themselves and some chemicals that cause skin discoloration may also selectively destroy melanocytes.
5. Trace element deficiency theory
The level of copper or ceruloplasmin in blood and skin of patients with vitiligo decreases, which leads to the decrease of tyrosinase activity, thus affecting the metabolism of melanin.
6. Other factors
Trauma, sunlight exposure and some photosensitive drugs can also induce vitiligo.
Vitiligo has no obvious gender difference and can occur in all ages, but it is more common in teenagers. Skin lesions are depigmented spots, often milky white or pale pink, with smooth surface and no rash. The border of leukoplakia is clear, the marginal pigment is more than that of normal skin, and the hair in leukoplakia is normal or white. Skin lesions often occur in the parts damaged by sunlight and friction, and the lesions are symmetrically distributed. White spots are also often distributed in bands according to ganglion segments. Vitiligo is often accompanied by other autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes, thyroid diseases, adrenal insufficiency, scleroderma, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata and so on.
prevent
1. Reduce the intake of contaminated food, correct partial eclipse and make scientific dietary recipes.
2. Reduce the inhalation of harmful gases, and choose places with fresh air when doing morning exercises or exercising.
3. Pay attention to labor protection.
4. Pay attention to the pollution caused by house decoration.
5. Keep a happy mood.