1. Revetment project:

Revetment is a type of retaining wall, which is a retaining wall facing the water. It has three functions: first, to support the soil behind the wall; second, to protect the slope bank from being washed away by the water; third, the high and low twists and turns of the revetment make the water body more varied and improve the artistry of the garden.

(1) Form of revetment

1. Regular form: refers to the neat geometric form of the shore wall built with stones, bricks, concrete, etc.

2． Natural style: The external shape of the revetment is irregular. On the premise of meeting the functional requirements, try to take into account the landscaping requirements. Natural revetments are mainly made of mountain stones.

(2) Revetment construction

Revetment, generally called retaining wall, is made of large stones and is relatively strong. The stone size requires a diameter of more than 30cm and can be divided into There are two types: dry masonry and mortar masonry. Dry masonry is often used for slope type; mortar masonry is often used for gravity type (also called vertical type) revetment. Natural stone revetments are commonly used in gardens.

1. For inclined block-type stone revetments, the blockiness of the slope is generally close to the natural slope of the soil, that is, 1:1.5 to 1:2. Thickness is 25~30cm. The foundation can be made of concrete or mortar blocks, with a thickness of 30 to 40 cm. Do it 50cm below the solid soil of the natural slope line of the river bottom, otherwise it will not be firm. The specific sequence is as follows:

① Foundation compaction: first compact the foundation soil before digging the trench

②Trench: Determine according to the size of the foundation, generally about 50cm deep and 40cm wide

⑧Laying the foundation

④Masonry stones

⑤Building capping stones: After the revetment is built, "top pressing" needs to be done on the top, and mortar can be used to lay stones. Or plain concrete.

2． Gravity-type mortar block stone revetment (vertical revetment), the construction sequence is the same as above, try to use large stones to save cement consumption, use No. 100 to No. 150 cement mortar between the stones to form a vertical retaining wall. The top is pressed with a stone. For mortar block stone revetments, attention should be paid to leaving expansion joints every 20 to 25 meters, and the joints should be filled with linoleum (a mixture of asphalt and linen yarn). Now there are "L" shaped prefabricated cement panels instead of blocks of stone. This method has simple construction and neat appearance, and is very suitable for vertical revetment.

3. Natural revetment, the shape of natural revetment is tortuous and full of changes. The construction of its foundation is exactly the same as the whole form. It can be paved with wooden piles or concrete foundation. The bank wall can be made according to the lake shoreline. The pile of stones must be firm. The seams between the stones must not only be made of small stones. Plug it tightly, and use Sanhe ash (mixed cement, white ash, and hemp heads) to caulk the outside to prevent lake water from invading the shore wall. Fill in the soil behind the rocks and tamp them down.

Natural revetments are often made into steps at appropriate parts of the water body according to the needs of garden landscaping. Tingbu is a channel in the water, in the form of stone piers set up in the water, so that tourists can walk across the water on the rocks, which is very interesting. Tingbu is suitable for narrow and shallow water surfaces. In order to make tourists feel friendly, Tingbu should be as close to the water surface as possible, and The distance should not be too far, generally 20~40cm is more suitable.

2. Slope protection project:

If rivers and lakes do not use straight walls but slopes, various materials must be used to protect the slope. The purpose of slope protection is to prevent landslides, reduce the erosion of ground water and wind waves, and ensure the stability of the slope.

Slope protection (bank protection) is also a form of revetment. There are no specific and strict differences and boundaries between them. Generally speaking, the revetment has a nearly vertical wall to prevent the bank soil from collapsing; while the revetment does not have a nearly vertical wall to support the soil. Its function is to prevent erosion, and its slope is generally in the soil. within the natural resting angle.

The main forms of slope protection are as follows:

(1) Stone paving slope protection

First prepare the bank slope and use stones with a diameter of 18 to 25 cm. For slope protection materials, the stones are preferably rectangular stones with a width-to-length ratio of 1:2. The stones are required to have a large specific gravity and low water absorption.

In order to ensure the stability of the slope protection, a cushion layer must be provided under the paving stones. The cushion layer is usually 1 to 3 layers. Use coarse sand for the first layer, pebbles and gravel for the second layer, and gravel for the top layer. The total thickness can be 10 to 20cm.

The construction method is as follows:

First, level the slope and dig a trapezoidal trench at the bottom. The trench is about 40-50cm wide and 50-60cm deep. Before paving stones, lay the cushion first. The pebbles or gravel in the cushion should be of the same size and thickness. When paving stones, lay them from bottom to top. Large stones should be used in the lower part to increase the stability of the slope protection. When paving, place the stones in a T-shape, parallel to the bank slope, and pave them upward row by row. The stones should be close to each other. If there are any protruding edges and corners, knock them off with a hammer and check after paving. Quality, that is, does the paving stone move when people walk on it? If it does not move, the construction quality meets the requirements. The next step is to use gravel to fill the gaps in the paving stone, and then tamp the paving stone.

(2) Plant slope protection above the water surface

Beside a pond with gentle bank slope and calm water surface, turf or shrubs can be used to protect the slope to make the garden scenery more lively and natural. Interesting. Turf can be laid in strips or blocks from above the water to the slope. Strips are laid horizontally. The entire grass strip is secured with wooden stakes. The wooden pile is 20-30cm long and 2-2.5cm in diameter. If the bank slope is very gentle, it is not necessary to fix it with wooden piles.