The main natural landscapes are: Medog Nature Reserve, Chayu Nature Reserve, Qiangtang Nature Reserve, Linzhi Butter Giant Cypress Nature Reserve, Everest Nature Reserve, Yangzhuoyong Lake, Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, Gangrenbo Qi Feng, Mabangyongcuo, Cuogao Lake and Namu Lake.
There are 44 peaks open to the outside world, and there are 1 national scenic spots, which are listed in the world cultural heritage list, and there are more than 100 scenic spots that can be visited, forming a cultural sightseeing tourist area centered on Lhasa. A post-Tibet tourist area with hiking, mountaineering and pilgrimage as its main features; Southeast Tibet tourist area with scientific research and ecology as the main focus and Yalong River basin scenic spot as the center; The no-man's land in northern Tibet Plateau, which focuses on grassland, lakes and wildlife, has formed a compound product system with sightseeing products as the main part and hiking, adventure, pilgrimage, ecology, tourism festivals and other special tourism products as the supplement. Among the mature products that have been on the market for many years, the most classic routes are as follows: 3-5 days: Lhasa-Shannan (cultural relics tour) Lhasa-such as Snow Festival and Qiaqing Horse Racing Festival) Lhasa-Shigatse (adventure tour after Tibet) May-June long line 5438+05: Lhasa-Gyangze-Shigatse-Sagar-fixed date-
Tibet tourism started at 1980, and after nearly 20 years of development, it has now reached a certain scale. There are nearly 140 tourist enterprises in the whole region, including 66 foreign-related hotels (446 rooms1room, 9765438 beds), including 5 star-rated hotels 15, 42 international and domestic travel agencies, 3 tourist bus companies and 9 designated hotels 19 (seat 60).
In 2000, the number of tourists increased rapidly and the economic benefits were remarkable. The number of tourists at home and abroad reached 565,000, an increase of 32% over the previous year, of which the number of overseas tourists149,400, an increase of 38. 1%. The total tourism revenue of the whole region was 6565438 USD+5300 RMB, up by 4.6%; Tourism revenue was 47.9 million US dollars, an increase of 33%; The tax paid was 2032 yuan, an increase of 6.8%.
The development direction of tourism during the tenth five-year plan period;
-In accordance with the principle of "vigorously developing domestic tourism, steadily developing international tourism and moderately developing outbound tourism", we will adopt various promotional means to realize tourism networking with major domestic tourist cities such as Europe, America, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Nepal, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and increase our share in the international and domestic tourism markets. Open the tourism market, broaden the tourist areas, and strive to expand the open areas of Linzhi, Qamdo and Ali.
-establish a sense of quality products, and develop tourism resources in depth around the unique human landscape and natural landscape in our region. Guided by the market, we will focus on developing and building a number of tourism products with outstanding brand image, perfect facilities, high service level and strong foreign exchange earning capacity, and form a large tourism industry system integrating sightseeing, exploration, leisure and vacation, which will fundamentally change the extensive development and utilization of tourism resources in our region. Focus on developing eco-tourism products, high-grade cultural tourism products, leisure and holiday tourism products and experiential adventure tourism products, and strive to build Tibet into an international boutique tourism destination.
-Vigorously improve the infrastructure inside and outside the scenic spot. Strengthen the construction of existing tourist routes and scenic spots (spots) to improve the quality of scenic spots. Actively develop new tourist routes and scenic spots, and build tourist routes with Lhasa as the center, connecting 6 regions, 5 neighboring provinces and regions and Nepal. Basically complete the construction of Lhasa-Linzhi-Shannan-Lhasa, Lhasa-Shigatse-Ali-Naqu-Lhasa, Lhasa-Naqu-Qamdo-Linzhi-Lhasa; Rebuild and expand the highway from Gyangze to Langkazi, build three-level black road tourist highways of Basongcuo, Tombs of Tibetan Kings and Namco, and initially complete the supporting construction of Basongcuo, Chama Ancient Road, scenic spots around Mount Everest and Namco Scenic Area.
—— Enrich the contents of eating, living, traveling and entertainment in scenic spots, develop exquisite tourism products, improve service quality, improve supporting systems, and create a safe, comfortable and hygienic tourism environment. Strengthen the development and production of tourist commodities and souvenirs, and promote the development of national handicrafts and other related industries.
-Strengthen the construction of tour guides, improve the comprehensive quality of tourism professionals, continuously improve the service quality and expand the brand effect of Tibet tourism. Strengthen industry management measures, implement standardized management strategy, push tourism management onto the track of standardization and legalization, and establish a competitive and orderly tourism market system. Tibetan medicine is an important part of traditional medicine in China. It has a complete theoretical system, rich practical content and vast medical literature. It is a summary of the Tibetan people's long-term experience in fighting diseases and has made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of diseases for thousands of years.
Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the party and government have attached great importance to the development of Tibetan medicine, and the Lhasa Tibetan Hospital was established in Tibet from 65438 to 0959. 1980 approved by the people's government of the autonomous region, it was changed to Xizang Autonomous Region Tibetan Hospital, and now it has become the teaching and research center of Tibetan medicine in the whole region. Since 1980, the state has invested more than 20 million yuan to re-establish the inpatient department of Tibetan hospitals in the autonomous region, and established 6 regional Tibetan hospitals and 7 county Tibetan hospitals. In addition, more than 60 county hospitals have established Tibetan medicine departments. 1984, Tibet officially established the Tibetan Medical School of the Autonomous Region. 1985 Tibetan medicine department opened in Tibet University. Over the years, Tibetan medical education institutions have trained and transported a large number of senior and intermediate Tibetan medical talents for the whole region. Local (city) health schools, cadre training schools and Tibetan hospitals have also set up advanced Tibetan medicine classes to cultivate and improve the professional level of grassroots Tibetan medical personnel.
In 2000, there were 19 Tibetan medicine manufacturers, with 777 employees and a registered capital of183.74 million yuan, producing 144 batches of medicines, achieving an industrial output value of 293.38 million yuan. The sales income was 6,543,804,800 yuan, an increase of 3.57% over the previous year; Realized a profit of 732 1 ten thousand yuan; Pay taxes of 25.82 million yuan. 12 Tibetan medicines are listed as national protected varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, and 13 Tibetan medicines are listed as new varieties. In addition, there are 3/kloc-0 kinds of Tibetan medicines and preparations listed as local standards in Tibet. Traditional and precious Tibetan medicines "Ranna Sang Bei" and "Changjue" have won many awards from the state and autonomous regions. Tibetan Medicine Factory in the autonomous region has become the largest ethnic medicine manufacturer in China. Four new dosage forms of Tibetan medicine, such as Shiwei Longdanhua Granule, Liuwei Nengxiao Capsule, Liuwei Lycium Oral Liquid and Shiwei Dida Capsule, developed by modern production technology, have all obtained new drug certificates issued by the Ministry of Health. At the same time, it can produce 350 varieties of Tibetan medicine with an annual output of 654.38+10,000 kilograms. 1997, Zheng Qi Xiaotongtie won the national protected variety of traditional Chinese medicine, and 1998 won the gold medal in the 26th Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions and New Technologies, which achieved zero breakthrough in Tibet's scientific and technological achievements on the international stage and fully demonstrated the great potential and broad prospects of Tibetan medicine development.
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, in order to realize the rapid development of Tibetan medicine, we should conscientiously organize the implementation of good manufacturing practice (GMP) and good manufacturing practice (GAP), speed up the improvement of traditional Tibetan medicine dosage forms in combination with GMP standards, and promote the integration of Tibetan medicine production with international and domestic standards. Combine traditional advantages with modern technology and production technology, absorb advanced management and marketing experience, and make Tibetan medicine bigger and stronger. It is necessary to pay equal attention to improving conditions and connotation construction, highlight the characteristics of Tibetan medicine and improve service functions, continue to strengthen the training of Tibetan medical talents, and strive to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment level and service ability of Tibetan medicine. Further attach importance to and strengthen the scientific research of Tibetan medicine, promote the development of Tibetan medicine enterprises in the direction of scale and collectivization, and improve the comprehensive strength and overall level of Tibetan medicine research, development and production. Attach importance to the rational protection and scientific utilization of Tibetan medicine resources and strengthen the construction of Tibetan medicine bases. We will widely adopt high and new technologies such as bioengineering, speed up the development of new drugs, realize the artificial breeding and cultivation of traditional Tibetan medicines such as saffron, build the largest Tibetan medicine base in China, and form a national Tibetan medicine R&D and production center. Tibet is rich in mineral resources, including 1.858 mineral deposits and 1.300 geophysical and geochemical anomalies. There are 32 mineral deposits with proven reserves1,including 25 energy minerals, 33 metal minerals, 37 non-metal minerals, 4 geothermal resources and 4 mineral water 1 1. The scale of proven deposits has reached 22 large, 25 medium, 48 small and 37 occurrences. The top 9 minerals in China are 17 minerals: 1 chromium, craft crystal, corundum and high temperature geothermal; The second place is copper and volcanic ash; The third magnesite; Boron, natural sulfur and mica rank fourth; No.5 arsenic; No.6 ceramic magnetic soil; No.7 gypsum; No.8 peat and crystalline graphite; Ninth antimony and barite. The potential value of proven mineral resources reserves is196.7 billion yuan, and the potential value of the total mineral resources in the whole region is 650.5 billion yuan. Copper, boron, gold, antimony, high-temperature geothermal and building materials are the dominant minerals in Tibet, but energy is in short supply.
Rich mineral resources provide broad prospects for the development and construction of Tibet's mining industry, with more than 8,000 employees. By the end of 2000, chrome ore196,600 tons, boron ore 1959 1 ton and raw coal 2 1300 tons had been mined.
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Tibet should increase investment in geological exploration, do a good job in geological exploration, and further understand the resource situation in our region. Focusing on the key points of mining development and economic construction, we should pay close attention to the geological exploration of national dominant minerals and scarce minerals to provide reliable reserve reserves for mining development in our region. Gradually implement the system of paid transfer of geological exploration results to protect the legitimate rights and interests of prospecting right holders. Focus on the development of scarce mineral resources with potential and market demand. According to the market demand and resource advantages, the focus of mineral exploration and development is on metal minerals such as chromium, copper, gold, lead and zinc, salt lake mineral resources dominated by boron and lithium, nonmetallic minerals such as limestone and granite for building materials, energy mineral resources such as geothermal energy, coal, forest products and petroleum, and mineral water resources. For major development projects such as Yulong Copper Mine, Zabuye Salt Lake and Ma Jia Chikang Copper Polymetallic Resources, the market mechanism will be used to attract domestic and foreign capital and technology for joint development. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, we will strive to complete the preliminary development work and start construction of the first phase of the project. Encourage deep processing in the mainland to jointly increase the added value of mineral resources development. At the same time, it is necessary to establish and improve the mining management system, formulate a unified long-term planning for mining development in the whole region, effectively protect the ecological environment and optimize the allocation of mineral resources. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, except for specific protective minerals and important national strategic resources, all kinds of investors can participate in the development, which is managed by the industry management department of the autonomous region; The development of small mines is dominated by collective and private enterprises, and the local (city) and county governments are in charge, forming a model of unified planning, rational layout and hierarchical management. Building materials industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Xizang Autonomous Region. In 2000, the investment in capital construction was 5.587 billion yuan, up by 17.7%, and the added value of the construction industry was about1500 million yuan, up by 25 1%. The construction industry boosted GDP growth by 2.8 percentage points, accounting for about 1/3.
By the end of 2000, there were 233 construction enterprises registered in Tibet and abroad, with 36,000 employees. There are 28 survey and design units with 40 qualifications, including 7 civil engineering design 13, planning design, 4 engineering survey, 7 special design, 5 hydropower design and 4 highway bridge (letter) design. There are 1 12 building materials enterprises, and the total output value of building materials industry reaches 380 million yuan, up by 18.7%, of which the cement output is 450,000 tons, up by 8.4%. The production and use of new building materials began to rise, and the output structure and varieties of building materials were adjusted and expanded.
Tibet's building materials industry has developed steadily and maintained a rapid development momentum. According to statistics, there are about 40 building materials industrial enterprises with independent accounting at and above the township level in the whole region. Output of main building materials products: 493,200 tons of cement, up 26.3 times over the previous year; There are 54 kilometers of cement drainage pipes, 6,053 cement poles, 87,000 cubic meters of cement prefabricated components, 200,000 square meters of glazed tiles, 3,324 square meters of terrazzo slabs, 7 100 square meters of granite slabs and 49,500 cubic meters of stone, all of which are greatly improved compared with the past.
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the building materials industry has accelerated its development in accordance with the overall requirements of cultivating strong enterprises, standardizing market behavior and improving the quality of building materials. It is necessary to strengthen the management of building materials industry, enhance the vitality of enterprises, improve quality and increase efficiency. Accelerate the transformation of existing construction enterprises and enhance the competitive strength of construction enterprises in the region. The building materials industry focuses on developing new building materials and producing high-grade cement and special cement. Relying on scientific and technological progress, we will intensify the transformation of existing building materials backbone enterprises, completely close a number of small enterprises with high pollution and low efficiency, adopt mature, advanced and applicable technologies and equipment, rationally utilize resources and protect the environment. Tibetan ethnic handicrafts have a long history. Many ethnic handicrafts, after thousands of years of continuous practice, have formed unique technological characteristics and ethnic styles, which are deeply loved by Tibetans and other ethnic groups and enjoy a certain reputation at home and abroad. 1988, Tibet launched the national evaluation and employment of arts and crafts artists. For the first time, 79 people with professional technical titles of arts and crafts were evaluated and employed, including 19 senior craftsmen and 33 artists and arts and crafts artists. Carpets (mats), aprons, Tibetan shoes and hats, ethnic furniture, wooden bowls, gold and silver jewelry and other handicrafts are listed as key products in the development of light industry in the autonomous region, and their unique styles and manufacturing techniques have been well received by people at home and abroad.
The carpet industry in Tibet is the pillar of the national handicraft industry. Carpet production has a history of more than 600 years. Its weaving method is unique, and the patterns are all based on mountains, rivers and flowers. Simple and elegant, rich in color, with strong national characteristics. In 2000, the carpet industry in the whole region broke into a new world in the development of export-oriented economy. In the whole year, * * * produced nearly 20,000 square meters of carpets, of which about 1.2 million square meters were exported, and the qualified rate of export products was 1.000%. Carpet products are exported to the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Card pad is a favorite necessity of Tibetan people, which has the characteristics of compact structure, bright color, pure wool, durability and strong color fastness. Cardboard is mainly produced in Gyangze County, Shigatse region, and people call Gyangze the "hometown of cardboards".
Apron is a popular dress for Tibetan married women. Jiedexiu Town, Gongga County, Shannan region is a famous "apron town". Jade show aprons have long been sold well in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and some western European countries. Jiedexiu's apron varieties have grown to nearly 20 kinds, and Ma Xie apron produced by Jiedexiu has been rated as high-quality products by the Ministry of Light Industry for many times and exported to domestic and foreign markets.
It is a common family handicraft of Tibetan people. Shannan, Shigatse and Lhasa are rich. There are many kinds of swimming, which are generally divided into ordinary swimming and fine swimming. Ordinary Tibetan is called "Brown", and "Ma Xie" is the most detailed. The Ministry of Industry produces a kind of thick woolen cloth called Zeren, which is strong and warm. Shannan and Shigatse regions produce a kind of handmade wool serge, which is called "thelma" in Tibetan. By the end of 2000, the region's production capacity was about 350,000 meters.
Tibetan national paintings, sculptures and gold and silver jewelry are not only national special needs, but also tourist souvenirs, which are deeply loved by domestic and foreign tourists. With the continuous development of tourism, these handicrafts have been greatly developed. Created and produced a large number of treasures with high artistic value. Since the 1960s, Tibet has started to develop animal products processing industry, and established leather processing factories in Lhasa, Naqu, Shigatse, Qamdo, Ali and other places (cities), woolen mills in Linzhi, fluff carding and clothing products factories in Lhasa, Golmud and Naqu, which have developed and utilized rich animal products resources.
Relying on characteristic agricultural and animal husbandry resources, we will vigorously develop deep processing of agricultural and animal products such as yak and high-quality highland barley, extend the industrial chain and increase added value. Combined with the structural adjustment of agricultural and livestock products, we will actively adopt high and new technologies, improve the processing depth of agricultural and livestock products, expand production through industrialized operation, and form economies of scale. Biological industry with plateau characteristics and green food (beverage) industry
Biological industry with plateau characteristics and green food (beverage) industry are emerging industries developed in recent years. The bio-industry with plateau characteristics is developed for the unique biological resources in Tibet. Green food and beverage owners mainly develop natural high-quality mineral water, highland barley wine, wild fruit juice drinks, beer and other green drinks in Tibet, and meat dairy products such as yak, sheep and fragrant pigs unique to the plateau. Barley and green vegetables.
Tibet is rich in biological resources. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Tibet will vigorously develop green food (beverage) processing industries with plateau characteristics, such as plateau edible fungi, rhodiola sachalinensis and ginseng fruit, make full use of the rich drinking water resources and rich advantages of trace elements in our region, vigorously develop mineral water, beer and plant health products, build a national green beverage production base, and strive to make major breakthroughs in creating brands, forming scales and improving market share. Pay attention to the scientific research and development of green food, and gradually establish wild mushroom development bases in eastern Tibet, wild food production bases in eastern Tibet and wild food development bases in northern Tibet, and establish a seed bank of green food biological resources to form a certain processing capacity and brand effect.