Among the ancient cultural relics unearthed in China, there are all kinds of fishing tools from south to north, such as hooks, harpoons, fish marks and stone nets. According to archaeological objects and related materials, there were many fishing methods in ancient China.
In primitive times, there was a long-armed man who was best at fishing by hand. He can catch fish with one hand and catch a big fish with each hand after landing. This long-armed man's fishing skill is undoubtedly a long-term practice.
Fish is an animal that is difficult to catch by hand. It swims fast in the water and the fish is smooth. If you touch the fish with your bare hands, the chance of catching the fish is very small. In order to catch more fish, with the continuous summary and development of experience, people have come up with the method of "resource-exhausted fishing".
"Fishing after exhaustion" is a primitive fishing method. Is to dry small puddles and ditches and catch all the fish. In terms of methods alone, this is a leap forward. It is impossible for primitive people to catch many fish at a time without relying on the method of "fishing with exhausted resources". At first, this "resource-exhausted fishing" was probably a quite common method.
After the primitive people settled down, they gradually noticed the consequences of "fishing after exhaustion": the surrounding small water bodies dried up and the fish had nowhere to live. Yesterday, the fish was full of fragrance, but today, I can't even smell the fishy smell.
The ancients finally understood the harm of taking it without leaving room, only for immediate interests, without making long-term plans. We advocate moderate development and sustainable development, and oppose the pursuit of short-term interests of exhausting resources and fishing. Our ancestors have already possessed such survival wisdom.
In ancient times, fishing also used sticks to catch fish. Without wooden knives, they also fish with sticks. Later, on the bank of Lugu Lake at the junction of Yunnan and Sichuan, whenever the willows are green and the peach blossoms are in full bloom in early spring and March, the local Puzhu people and Naxi people still use wooden knives to cut the fish while they swim to the shallows to lay eggs. Knife is not useless, every blow will hit, making the fish faint and float on the water.
Archery fishing was one of the main methods to catch larger fish before Qin and Han Dynasties. According to historical records, in 2 10 BC, Xu Fu took many archers when he went to the sea to seek an elixir. When he saw a shark, he "even shot it". In the Ming Dynasty, people used guns to fish.
It is also common for ethnic minorities to shoot arrows and fish. Oroqen and Gaoshan people often fish with bows and arrows or fish darts. When the fish surfaced, they shot with bows or stabbed them with darts.
Fish darts made of animal bones or horns have many forms, most of which have barbs, some have barbs on one side, and some have barbs on both sides. The lug or groove of the tail handle of the fish dart can be fixed on the dart handle, or tied with a rope and inserted into the gap at the front end of the dart handle to become a fish dart with a rope. The fish struggles after being stabbed, and the handle of the fish dart is separated. You can hold the handle of the dart and pull the rope to get the fish.
The oldest fishing method is hook-free fishing tackle. This fishing method can even be traced back to modern times.
In the past, some bitter people and headstrong women in Yunnan tied a fishing rod with wild hemp rope when fishing. When fishing, they first insert the bamboo pole obliquely on the river bank, tie an earthworm to the end of the rope, and then put the end of the rope into the water. When the fish saw the bait and competed for the earthworm, the fisherman yanked the fishing rod and threw the fish into the bamboo basket accurately.
Fishing with hook-shaped fishing tackle is more common. There is a fishhook whose bones can be traced back more than 6000 years, and its barb is still very sharp. Unearthed in Xi 'an Banpo site, it can be compared with the current fishhook. Before the bone hook, there are thorns of trees and claws of birds.
There were many fishing methods in ancient times, such as rod fishing, lying fishing, throwing rod and rolling hook. Fishing places are different in different seasons, so there is a fishing proverb of "fishing on the edge in spring, fishing on the beach in autumn and fishing in summer"
Fishing with nets is an ancient method. Fishing nets were invented long ago. According to relevant historical records, the person who weaves the web is Fu. When he saw spiders weaving the web, he got the inspiration for weaving the web. "Is it easy? Under the copula, Fu "tied a knot and became a net".
The original nets were used to catch birds, animals and fish. Since there were words, there have been records about the Internet. In the original hieroglyphics, there was a hieroglyphic of fishing with a net. In ancient books before Qin and Han Dynasties, many kinds of nets and net structures have been mentioned. It is reported that some nets have long outlines, and some are equivalent to later big nets.
Ancient working people once invented the method of luring real fish with fake fish. This method of luring with images is much more economical than the luring method. In the past, when fishing cuttlefish in the southeast coast, fishermen rowed into the sea before the high tide, pulling dozens of fish baskets with long ropes, and each fish basket contained a cuttlefish. After the flood, cuttlefish screamed and heard the sound. They collected the fish when the tide receded. This method of attraction was invented by the attraction of opposites.
Ancient lights are also often used to lure fish. Generally, when fishing and catching crabs, torches are lit, and fish and crabs come when they see the light. This is to use the phototaxis of fish and crabs to catch fish through the attraction of light.
Fish fishing is also one of the methods used by the ancients. The fish tank is made of bamboo, conical, sealed at the top and equipped with an inverted funnel at the opening. When in use, put it at the fork of the ditch, so that fish can enter the water, but they can't come out because they have to be blocked.
The origin of fish tanks is very early, and a fish tank was unearthed at the Shuitianfan site in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. It shows that primitive residents in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River began to use fishing rafts thousands of years ago.
When catching eels and loaches, some ethnic minorities in southwest China cut down bamboo tubes, one end of which was sealed with the original bamboo diaphragm, and the other end was plugged with an inverted whisker funnel, which was placed between the ridges at night to prevent fish from getting in, and the bamboo tubes were retrieved at dawn.
Trap fishing is also used. Traps are made of fences or earth and stone, which are widely used by all ethnic groups. This is the way that the Oroqen people in Northeast China "blocked Liangzi".
According to the swimming rules of fish in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Oroqen people built an opening at the fork of a small river, and then placed a big basket for their mouths. No matter whether the fish are downstream or upstream, they can enter, and they can "catch turtles in a jar" and catch dozens or even hundreds of kilograms of fish at a time. This method has been circulated for a long time and has been adopted by many people.
The domestication of wild cormorants for fishing was the earliest in China. According to Chinese literature, the cormorants can fish in the water in Er Ya Wai Wu Zhi written by Yang Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but the residents near lakes and marshes raise more animals to make them fish.
According to ancient records, the domestication of cormorant fishing probably originated in Heyuan, south of Qinling Mountains, where the three countries began to promote cormorant fishing later. This is much earlier than the record of cormorant fishing in Japan in the 5th century.
To sum up, human fishing technology has developed from low level to high level. Fish live in water and it is difficult to catch, so no matter how ever-changing, the way to catch them is to cut off their living conditions as much as possible.
Therefore, the fishing method not only adopts a variety of hunting methods, but also has many new inventions and creations, which has accumulated rich experience and is a record of human conquest of nature.