Sugar orange is native to Sihui, Guangdong Province. It has the advantages of beautiful fruits, bright color, tender meat, high sugar content, good flavor, wide adaptability and high yield. At the same time, the harvest period can be extended to Fresh supplies are available before and after the Spring Festival, and the economic benefits are relatively high. The average output of 667 square meters is 3,100 kilograms, and the net income from 667 square meters is 10,000 yuan. The high-quality management measures and pest control measures for sugar oranges are now introduced as follows:
1 Selection of seedlings
Since sugar oranges are greatly threatened by Huanglongbing disease, we select seedlings that have undergone detoxification, isolation, and seedling testing. The height requirements are 50 to 60 cm, the thickness is 0.3 to 0.5 cm, the compatibility is good, and there are no pests and diseases. Use Citrus aurantium husk to make grafted seedlings of pure wood-drilling strains.
2 Garden site selection
Sugar orange generally has a wide adaptability to soil, but to achieve high quality and high yield, the soil should be deep, loose, with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5, and good drainage. With good irrigation conditions, planting can be done on slopes, mountains and paddy fields facing the sun. Special attention should be paid to the fact that if planting in paddy fields, the water table should be lowered to below 80cm.
3 Planting technology
3.1 Reasonable dense planting
Mountain areas generally have a planting density of 70 to 75 plants per 667 square meters, with a plant-row spacing of 3×3 meters. The planting density is about 100 plants in 667 square meters, and the spacing between plants is 3×2 meters.
3.2 Planting method
In September, dig a deep pit of 80 × 80 cm or 1 × 1 meter. After the soil is fully exposed, add 1.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and lime powder to each hole. 1 kilogram, 25 kilograms of garbage fertilizer, 15 to 25 kilograms of pig and chicken manure, 1 bag of wood bran, mix well with the soil and then fill the pit and return the soil. The tree disk should be 20 centimeters above the ground and wait for planting in March of the following year. When planting, cut off 1/3 of the leaves of the fruit seedlings, cut them short at 30 to 40 cm high, and plant the roots in a shallow pit, then lightly compact it with soil. The dowry opening cannot be buried with soil, and the tree tray is covered again. Weed the weeds, pour enough water to set the roots, and keep the soil moist within 30 days after planting.
4 Management Measures
4.1 Sapling Management
4.1.1 Fertilizer and Water Management
New seedlings will begin to sprout about 30 days after planting For the roots, you can use fully fermented 5% peanut bran water and 0.2 to 0.5% ternary compound fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and topdress the roots twice. After 2 years of saplings, as the root system deepens and the crown forms rapidly, the amount of fertilizer applied each time should be increased accordingly. At the same time, after the beginning of autumn, the fruiting mother branches should be extracted and cultivated. Each plant should be added with 0.25 to 0.5 kilograms of potassium fertilizer to promote flower buds. differentiation.
4.1.2 Cultivation of the crown
The crown of the sugar orange tree is generally open-shaped, so each branch tip is left with 3 evenly distributed strong buds, and the sprouted branch tips are 25 cm short. Cut and use this method to gradually form a tree shape with a tight skeleton.
4.2 Fruit-bearing tree management
4.2.1 Fertilizer and water management
Stabilize fruit fertilizer: After the tree withers flowers, it consumes a lot of nutrients and the young fruits are in the growth and development period. Each plant is required to apply 0.15 to 0.25 kilograms of high-quality urea and 10 to 15 kilograms of wet peanut bran water in a timely manner; fruit-strengthening fertilizer: July to August is the period of rapid fruit expansion, and it is also the early stage of autumn shoots and the mother branches taking off. Each plant is required to Use 0.75 kg of tribasic potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 0.25 kg of urea to open a shallow trench and bury it. If the weather is dry after application, water should be sprayed or micro-sprinkler irrigation should be sprayed in time to keep the orchard soil moist; fruit fertilizer collection: After fruit collection, combined with root cutting, control and flower promotion measures, dig two symmetrical lengths of 11.5 meters × deep at the drip line of the fruit trees. 20 to 30 cm trench, exposed to the sun for a certain period of time, 11.5 kg of peanut bran, 0.5 to 0.75 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 15 to 25 kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure for each plant were returned to the soil and buried.
4.2.2 Shaping and pruning
After the sugar orange bears fruit, its vegetative growth is relatively strong. The branches, flowers and fruits compete for nutrients, resulting in common flower and fruit drop. Orchard management generally leaves three strong buds evenly distributed in the spring shoots, and cuts off the rest. When the summer shoots germinate to about 1 centimeter, artificial budding begins until the end of mid-to-late July. Autumn shoots are released before and after the beginning of autumn, and combined in winter Comprehensive measures such as pruning diseased and insect-infected branches are used to cultivate the tree's shape.
4.2.3 Preserve flowers and fruits
Appropriately thin out some spring shoots and weak flowers; after the flowers fade, spray gibberellin 1G mixed with 50kg of water + Green Fenwei 1000 times + Spray 0.2% borax once, and then spray again about 20 days apart; make a circumcision on the trunk immediately after the flowers fade; cut again after 15 to 20 days if the tree is vigorous.