Peach can be planted in Hengshui, Hebei. Young trees are dominated by long and medium fruit branches, and the number of short fruit branches in full fruit period increases greatly, mainly medium and short fruit branches. There are more buds, more pollen, high seed setting rate and strong cold resistance of flower buds. Peach is a temperate fruit tree that likes temperature. The optimum temperature of root is 16- 18℃, the growth temperature of branches is 18-23℃, and the fruit ripening temperature is 24.5℃. According to research, the average monthly temperature during the growing period reaches 24. 9℃, high yield and good quality, but it is easy to get sunburned when the temperature is too high in summer.

First, the establishment of Taoyuan

(1) Garden selection: Sandy loam with good drainage and loose soil should be selected for peaches, and the slope to the south is the best, but continuous cropping should be avoided, that is, peach trees should not be planted on the land where peach trees have been planted.

(2) Soil improvement before planting: Before planting peaches, it is necessary to carry out deep ploughing and soil improvement, change the sloping land into terraced fields, thicken the soil layer, and then dig planting holes or planting ditches according to the row spacing of plants, with the hole depth and width of 2.5-3 feet, and press at least 65,438+000 kilograms of slag fertilizer for each hole, layering 3-4 layers, so as to achieve the purpose of loosening and ventilating, and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Flat dams and clay should also be improved, and deep ditch and high separation farming should be implemented, and the depth of drainage ditch should be more than 2.5 feet. In the compartment, the soil is changed in a strip ditch with a depth of 80 cm and a width of 70 cm, and the garbage and slag fertilizer are stacked in three layers.

(3) Planting period: It can be planted in both spring and autumn, but autumn is the best, with high temperature and plenty of rain, and the roots are easy to recover after being damaged. The next year can shorten the squatting time of seedlings and germinate neatly. Suitable for planting in 10- 12.

(4) Planting density: generally, it should be determined according to the variety characteristics, topography, soil conditions, shaping methods and cultivation methods. Varieties with strong tree potential can be planted thinly, and varieties with weak tree potential can be planted densely; The cultivation distance of flat land is longer than that of mountainous area; Fertile soil has a longer cultivation distance than barren land; The planting density of the planned dense planting garden is higher than that of the fixed planting garden; The culture density of Y-shaped plastic surgery is higher than that of intracardiac plastic surgery. Generally, the plant spacing is 3×4 m2 or 3×3 m2, and 56 or 74 plants are planted per mu.

(5) Planting: before planting, prune the injured roots and oversized taproots, then straighten the plants, straighten the roots, cover them with 5- 10 cm soil, step on them with your feet, cultivate the soil around the seedlings into a disc shape, and then water them. After underwater infiltration, covering them with a layer of fine soil or grass can reduce water evaporation and help them survive.

Second, the management of soil, fertilizer and water.

soil management

1, Intercropping: Summer-sown vegetables can be planted in young gardens, and green manure can be planted in winter, which can not only increase orchard income, but also improve soil fertility. Intercropping is not allowed in adult gardens;

2. Farming and weeding in summer;

3. Dig deep and enlarge holes in autumn and winter, and apply more organic fertilizer to improve soil physical and chemical properties.

(b) fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization and water management in the first year after peach planting: The first year after planting is the key to the growth of peach trees. In the management of fertilizer and water, it is necessary to be "light and diligent". From March to June, fertilize once every half month, * * * 8 times. In the first six times, four trees were planted with a load of clean manure and 220 urea to promote the rapid formation of more branches and leaves. Finally, 2.

2. Fertilizer and water management in the second year after planting: peach trees are more barren than oranges and apples, but they should be fertilized at least three times a year after production.

① Germination fertilizer: the amount of fertilizer applied should be 10-20% of the annual amount of fertilizer applied, mainly irrigation. Most areas in Sichuan are dry in winter and dry in spring, and peach roots have no absolute dormancy period. Germination in early spring requires more water, and trees with normal growth and full flower buds are mainly irrigated. Weak trees can be properly applied with a little available nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of weak trees, and the fertilization time is 5438+ 10 in late June.

② Fruit-strengthening fertilizer: it should be applied after May 10, when young fruits stop falling off, that is, before hardening treatment. This fertilizer should be mainly potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion, promote flower bud differentiation and enrich new shoots. Early-maturing varieties were not applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, while middle-maturing and late-maturing varieties were applied with 40% potassium, 15-20% nitrogen and 20-30% phosphorus. Those with vigorous trees and few fruits can be exempted from fertilization.

(3) Fruit picking fertilizer: generally applied before and after fruit picking, its purpose is to restore tree vigor in time, promote the activity of leaf function, enhance assimilation, increase the accumulation of nutrients, improve the quantity and quality of flower bud differentiation, and improve the cold resistance of peach trees in winter. Generally, early-maturing and middle-maturing varieties should be applied in time after harvest, and late-maturing varieties should be applied before harvest. Fertilization amount should account for 50-60% of the annual fertilization amount, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied in combination, and the fertilization ratio is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium =1:0.5:1;

(4) Application of base fertilizer in autumn: it is applied in June from 5438+00 to February 12, mainly with decomposed organic fertilizer, and generally applied according to the principle of one catty of fruit and one catty of fertilizer;

⑤ Topdressing outside the roots: Spraying boron fertilizer at the initial flowering stage and young fruit stage can improve the fruit setting rate, spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at the fruit expansion stage can promote the fruit development and reduce the fruit drop before picking, and spraying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer after picking can protect the leaves, delay the defoliation stage and promote the flower bud differentiation. The spraying concentrations of various fertilizers are borax or boric acid 0. 1-0.3%, urea 0.3-0.4%, potassium sulfate 0.3-0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3% and zinc sulfate 0.3%.

⑥ Fertilization methods: There are ring fertilization method, furrow fertilization method and point fertilization method in soil, ring fertilization method in young trees, furrow fertilization method in large-area adult trees and point fertilization method in mountainous areas. Generally, fertilization holes are dug on the drip line of the crown.