Structure of facial skin:

Skin is composed of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, and contains accessory organs (sweat glands, sebaceous glands, fingernails, toenails) as well as blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves and Muscles etc.

1. Epidermis

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, with an average thickness of 0.2 mm. According to the different development stages and morphological characteristics of the cells, it can be divided into 5 layers from the outside to the inside. .

1. The stratum corneum: It is composed of several layers of keratinocytes and contains keratin. It resists friction and prevents the leakage of body fluids and the intrusion of chemicals. Keratin has strong water absorption. Generally, the water content is not less than 10% to maintain the softness of the skin. If it is lower than this value, the skin will be dry and scaly or chapped.

2. Translucent layer: It is composed of 2 to 3 layers of flat transparent cells with dead nuclei and contains keratin. It can prevent moisture, electrolytes, and chemical substances from passing through, so it is also called a barrier belt. This layer is most obvious on the palms and soles.

3. Granular layer: composed of 2 to 4 layers of flat spindle cells, containing a large number of basophilic hyaline keratin granules.

4. Spiny cell layer: It is composed of 4 to 8 layers of polygonal spiny cells, which gradually become flattened from bottom to top. The cells are connected to each other by desmosomes, forming the so-called intercellular bridge.

5. Basal layer: also called germinal layer, it is composed of a layer of cylindrical cells arranged in a grid-like pattern. The cells in this layer continue to divide (often 3% to 5% of the cells divide), gradually move upward, become keratinized, and deform, forming other layers of the epidermis, and finally the keratinization falls off.

Another discovery: From the perspective of skin care, the epidermis is not the outermost skin component. There is also a protective sebum film on the outside.

2. Dermis

It comes from the mesoderm and is composed of fibers, matrix and cells. The dermal papilla close to the epidermis is called the papillary layer, also known as the superficial dermis; the lower layer is called the reticular layer, also known as the deep dermis. There is no strict boundary between the two.

1. Fiber: There are three types of collagen fiber, elastic fiber and reticular fiber.

(1) Collagen fibers: They are the main component of the dermis, accounting for about 95%, and are assembled into bundles. The fiber bundles in the papillary layer are thinner, tightly arranged, running in different directions, and not intertwined with each other.

(2) Elastic fibers: There are more elastic fibers in the lower part of the reticular layer, and they are mostly coiled under the collagen fiber bundles and around the skin appendages. In addition to imparting elasticity to the skin, it also forms a scaffold for the skin and its appendages.

(3) Reticular fibers: considered to be immature collagen fibers, which surround skin appendages and blood vessels. In the reticular layer, the fiber bundles are thicker, loosely arranged, intertwined into a mesh, and most of them are parallel to the skin surface. Because the fiber bundle is spiral-shaped, it has certain stretchability.

2. Matrix: It is an amorphous, uniform colloid-like substance that is filled between fiber bundles and cells, providing material support for various components of the skin and providing a place for material metabolism.

3. Cells: There are mainly the following types:

(1) Fibroblasts: can produce collagen fibers, elastic fibers and matrix.

(2) Tissue cells: They are a component of the reticuloendothelial system. They have the ability to phagocytose microorganisms, metabolites, pigment particles and foreign matter, and play an effective role in clearing them.

(3) Mast cells: present in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, with the largest number in the papillary layer of the dermis. The granules in its cytoplasm can store and release histamine and heparin.

Example of the significance of the distinction between epidermis and dermis: If you scratch acne and the like with your hands, secondary infection may occur easily. Generally speaking, if the skin infection reaches the epidermis, no scars will be left. If you get a serious skin disease, it will not leave scars, but on the epidermis. If the infection reaches the dermis, it will definitely cause scarring. Skin is a barrier, don't break it.

3. Subcutaneous tissue

Derived from the mesoderm, in the lower part of the dermis, it is composed of loose connective tissue and fat lobules, with the sarcolemma next to it. The thickness of subcutaneous tissue varies according to age, gender, location and nutritional status. It has the functions of preventing heat dissipation, storing energy and resisting external mechanical impact.

Care Strategy

Strategy 1. Cucumber Skin Beauty Mask

1. Put the cucumber into a juicer to squeeze the juice and pour it into a small bowl.

2. Then add egg white, pearl powder, and appropriate amount of flour to make a paste, making sure it does not flow downwards.

3. Wash your face, apply the prepared paste on your face, wash it after drying, and apply toner and skin care products, 1-2 times a week.

Strategy 2. Chrysanthemum beauty

Chrysanthemum is rich in essential oils and chrysanthemum, which can effectively inhibit the production of skin melanin and soften epidermal cells.

1. Chrysanthemum can be made into porridge and taken orally.

2. Mash it well and mix it with egg white and apply it on the face to whiten the skin.

3. Put the chrysanthemum petals into a bottle, inject medical alcohol and seal it. After one month, dilute it with twice the cold boiled water, which has a whitening effect on the skin, especially for oily skin.

Strategy 3: Beer to wake up skin

1. Take a clean small bowl and pour beer into it. Soak the medicinal cotton gauze in the wine for about 3 minutes.

2. Take out the cotton gauze, twist it slightly, and apply it on the face to completely relax the facial skin. Leave it on for about half an hour.

3. If the moisture in the cotton gauze is absorbed, you can soak it according to the first two steps and then apply it.

Strategy 4. Aloe vera honey mask

Use aloe vera juice on your face before going to bed at night, or add appropriate honey and flour to the aloe vera juice to make a mask and apply it on your face. After a while, you will find that the spots on your face have faded a lot.

Strategy 5: Tea whitening

1. After washing your face, apply tea on your face and pat your face gently with your hands.

2. Attach absorbent cotton dipped in tea to your face for 2-3 minutes, and then wash it off with water to remove spots and whiten it.

PS: Sometimes the tea color on the face cannot be washed off immediately, but it will disappear naturally after one night.

Strategy 6. Tomato Brightening Mask

For tomato juice mask, you only need to crush the tomatoes to extract the juice, add a small amount of honey, and add flour to make a paste and then apply it on the face. .

Strategy 7. Potato whitening mask

Potatoes are rich in vitamins, which can promote the growth of skin cells, maintain skin luster, and bleach subcutaneous melanin. It can not only whiten and rejuvenate skin, but also reduce the color of melanin. Summer sun spots.

Wash the potatoes, peel them and cut them into cubes, then put them into a juicer to squeeze the juice.

Potatoes can also eliminate dark circles. Just cut the potatoes into thin slices and apply them on the dark circles.

Extended information

The necessity of facial care

Everyday dirty air, make-up, and the secretions of the skin itself will form a covering on the skin surface, so that Block the smoothness of pores, thereby causing unhealthy skin.

We all know that the skin is the largest organ of our body and therefore it is best suited to the care that needs to be taken to keep it well protected and safe. The skin on the face is the most delicate or as we say, the most sensitive and therefore it needs to be taken care of.

Usually, the first thing people notice about us is our face. In fact, people often say that face is a reflection of the soul. The healthier your face is, the more likely you are to get noticed and be taken seriously. Facial care is something extremely important that you need to adopt a healthy lifestyle and a regular daily care routine.

There are many products on the market with facial care claims, but many of them fail. These products claim to have breakthrough results, but some of them come with side effects. From this, it becomes very important to use products of purely natural and organic substances for facial care.

There are many good facial care products on the market, but in the end you may choose a product that is different from your skin. Often this comes out of practice and applying many of these products to the face can be dangerous, possibly using too many different products can tamper with the pH of your skin and many of these products may not be suitable for you. ?

It is indeed a difficult process to find a quality product that will suit your skin type, which is the key to facial care.

There are facial care products on the market that contain a lot of parabens. Initially parabens have been used in shampoos, cosmetics and other skin care products because they have been shown to be excellent preservatives for increasing the shelf life of the product.

However, recent research shows that parabens are prone to cancer, especially breast cancer. The reasoning behind this study was explained by the fact that the skin easily absorbs the parabens and then transfers them to the breast tissue. Parabens are known to mimic estrogen and are one of the triggers of breast cancer. Therefore, repeated facial treatments containing parabens can allow cancer to form.

In addition to all these issues, some people are allergic to the many, many synthetic materials used in facial care products. Others can cause irritation and rashes, so it's another reason to avoid when buying facial care products. Many have natural preservatives in them. These natural preservatives have no side effects on the skin. The next time you buy a skin care product, make sure you buy the product and pay attention to the ingredients and type of skin you are using it on.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Facial Care