The damage of frostbite is caused by two aspects, one is that body fluids freeze to destroy cells, the other is that frostbitten tissues block local blood circulation and cause blood stasis, which eventually leads to large-scale tissue necrosis.
Frostbite in mountaineering or outdoor activities often happens when you are not careful. Where frostbite occurs, blood vessels often contract when cold, and blood circulation is not smooth, resulting in numbness. Experienced people will consciously move their toes and fingers, and immediately take measures to warm the numb limbs after their hands and feet feel numb. If necessary, they can put their hands and feet in their arms and those of their companions. Lack of oxygen will reduce the metabolic rate of the body, and water will thicken the blood, both of which will make frostbite more likely to occur. Frostbite of exposed skin can occur in less than one minute when there is wind, and the newly frostbitten tissue is white (ischemia) or purple (blood stasis) and hard. Peer parts should always check each other.
The treatment after severe frostbite is to thaw the frostbitten limbs by soaking them in warm water of 4C to 43C (if there is no possibility of further frostbite). Restoring blood circulation in frostbite area is the first goal of treatment. Mild frostbite can be treated by putting your hands and feet in warm underwear. It's a good sign if you start to feel pain. Note that the thawed tissue is very sensitive and fragile. If the thawed tissue is frostbitten again, it will cause more damage than if it was not thawed at first. Therefore, if the injured person needs to walk with frostbitten feet or the frostbitten part may freeze when leaving, don't thaw it first.
taking aspirin can help dilute blood and promote circulation. The main problem before seeing an experienced doctor after the first aid is to prevent infection. Oral antibiotics are not easy to reach the wound because of poor blood circulation. I wonder if the doctor in Kashgar who Chen Junwu saw has considered this problem.
Many tissues after severe frostbite will not grow back, and tissue regeneration is difficult without good blood supply. In order to prevent the frostbite from damaging other parts of the body, doctors often only recommend excision and amputation. I wish Chen Junwu good luck!
People who live in a cold environment will develop a stress response to cold, and increase blood supply to the epidermis when it is cold, which will increase people's resistance to cold. People who insist on swimming in winter or taking a cold bath have this experience. As the saying goes, spring covers autumn and freezing is the same. In addition, people who grew up in a warm environment often have no basic habit and consciousness of keeping out the cold. Northerners know from the experience of snowball fights at an early age what it feels like to freeze your hands, what it feels like to warm up with needles and pain, and what are the temporary ways to deal with it when you know whether you have enough clothes in the cold wind. People who don't have much experience in cold environment often don't know that many local people are used to natural practices when they first arrive in cold environment. I don't know how much experience Chen Junwu had in sub-zero temperatures before, but I noticed that people who just came to the north from the warm environment in the south had no idea how to dress effectively in winter.
Generally speaking, mittens are much warmer than they indicate. I am used to wearing very thin polypropylene gloves inside. It is very useful when you need to do flexible activities of your fingers for a short time. Coat gloves should be tied together with a thread and hung around the neck. It looks stupid, but it's not as stupid as gloves being blown away by a gust of wind!
On the one hand, this shows the importance of step by step in mountaineering and outdoor activities. A lot of experience should be accumulated slowly. Small things like what gloves to wear and how to wear them can also lead to lifelong disability.
The American Antarctic scientific research project distributed nearly 2 kilograms of standard clothes to the summer staff at the polar station. How to prevent frostbite by eating and drinking in winter
It has been nearly two weeks since beginning of winter, and everything lurks and hides in winter. In order to avoid severe cold, people
protect Yuanyang from being disturbed, try not to make their skin sweat, put on more clothes to keep warm, and
put on a heater or stove to keep the room temperature not lower than 16℃ (this is Beijing's love for the people regulation). Older people, if the room temperature is too low to move before heating, can adopt appropriate subsidy measures, such as turning on the electric heater and using the electric mattress at night. After 9-1 o'clock in the day, they can bask in the sun outdoors and take a walk to keep their body temperature normal. If it rains and winds on cloudy days, don't come out to prevent colds, or even
frostbite.
In order to prevent freezing, you should always eat dog meat, mutton, venison, turtle meat, sparrow meat, quail meat, pigeon meat, shrimp, clams, sea cucumbers, etc. in winter. These foods can increase the heat to prevent cold and warm up, and at the same time, wear a little warmer.
As for soup dishes, when I was young, I ate Chinese cabbage with my family, adding some meat, fish and seafood to make soup dishes.
The pot was used to keep warm and prevent cold. People with a better life added chrysanthemum pot on September 9th of the lunar calendar, which is a miscellaneous hot pot.
If you warm your spleen and stomach, your limbs will benefit, and then try to wear warm clothes, you will naturally not get frostbite.
Chrysanthemum chafing dish is made from boiled soup of dried seaweed, and various frozen meats (not limited to mutton) can be added to obtain local materials. Meat
vegetarian mixed frozen tofu, vermicelli, meat (vegetarian) meatballs, braised kelp (jelly made of broth starch),
seaweed, Chinese cabbage, cuttlefish, sea cucumber and prawn can be appropriately seasoned according to the situation.
puerpera, infirm, infants, the elderly and the sick can add Astragalus and Angelica in the pot, and Astragalus can replenish qi and produce blood.
Angelica can replenish blood and reach all the bones of limbs, and the extremities or exposed parts such as eyes, ears, nose and mouth can reach
, so it can prevent frostbite. In addition, the edible mutton soup of Angelica sinensis and ginger: 25g of Angelica sinensis, 5g of ginger and 5g of mutton < P > can be fried, stewed, soup and chafed dish, and can be taken according to personal preference. There is a saying that "Radix Astragali refers to Radix Astragali", which can be used for cooking, nourishing the outside and keeping out the cold; Ginseng can refer to codonopsis pilosula, or it can be planted with a kind of < P > ginseng, which tonifies internal organs; Wild species of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. can be found in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and the Great Wall, and its complement is the spleen and stomach. The ratio can be 4: 2: 1.
if your hands and feet are really swollen with cold, don't bake them by the fire, because they will break when they melt and freeze.
When I was in my hometown, I used to fry raw licorice to get its oil, called "licorice oil", and put it on my frozen hands and feet. If it didn't break, it could
reduce the swelling. When I arrived in the city, many famous surgeons also had this method, such as treating burn keloids with licorice oil in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which coincided with our folk method.