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What is the principle of pruning stage of young fruit trees?
Generally speaking, in the 1970s, the pruning system of deciduous fruit trees in northern China began to change with the emergence of dwarfing and close planting. Focusing on Shandong in this period, on the one hand, it summarizes the lessons that excessive pruning of young trees leads to delayed fruiting age; On the other hand, it absorbs the advantages of simplified pruning of dwarf and dense planting fruit trees in western countries, and thus puts forward the pruning principle of "light pruning, slow release and multi-branching" for young tree pruning.

The core of this pruning system is to emphasize the early high yield of fruit trees and the early cultivation of young trees' fruiting branches, so that the fruiting age of young trees is obviously advanced. However, after this sutra spread to other places, it was misunderstood by many crooked monks, and changed light cutting into "no cutting", slow cutting into "forever putting" and "dislocation", and leaving more branches into "all branches" and "stupid branches". The only pruning measures are pruning and girdling, regardless of planting density, growth potential, fruiting branches or backbone branches. Many pruning workers only emphasize that young trees bear early and more fruits, but ignore the cultivation of backbone branches and the quality management of trees. Some people even girdle the trunk several times in a year to promote flowering and fruiting through serious injury and weakening.

In this way, the goal of early fruit and high yield is achieved, but young trees are forced to accept predatory overload production from an early age. When the trees enter the full fruit period, the trees are rapidly weakening, ranging from "big year" to "small old trees". This kind of tree decays before it is old, with thin branches, which not only has a small load, but also has poor resistance to adversity and is prone to natural disasters and pests. This phenomenon is more serious in orchards with poor soil, fertilizer and water nutrition management. Trees are crushed by heavy fruits, unable to breathe and even die. Its consequences not only affect the yield and quality in the full fruit period, but more importantly, the weak trees are seriously deficient in nutrition, which is easy to cause pests and diseases to accelerate the decline of trees and shorten the fruit-bearing life. From this point of view, although the cutting method of "light cutting, slow release and multiple branches" is correct in formulation, the idea of "crown by fruit" and "shape by branches" throughout is easy to mislead the pruners to ignore the tree potential and shape, artificially aggravate the weak and disordered tree potential, and then affect the yield in the middle and late stages. In particular, the pruning technology of "shaping with branches" is too flexible and difficult to operate, which is difficult for the majority of fruit farmers with low quality to master. The masses feel that there are problems such as "letting go is easy to shrink, but it is difficult to stay, and chaos is difficult to straighten out". Therefore, it is considered that when pruning young trees, we must have a clear target tree shape, and we must trim the whole tree through continuous pruning, and we should not advocate and adopt the extensive pruning method of "shaping with branches" that has been laissez-faire for many years.