In his early years, Chao went to Hangzhou with his father Chao Duanyou to pay tribute to Su Shi. Su Shi called him "omnipotent, eloquent and handsome, far from being comparable to others." (Preface to the Poems of Chao Jun-cheng) is famous. Its collection includes 23 volumes of poems and poems. Essays 47 volumes. Poetry is mostly archaic, followed by seven laws. Like to learn from Korea and Europe, strong sense of bone and elegant writing. There is also a lack of relaxation, and the tendency of prose culture is more obvious. His prose achievement is higher than that of poetry, and his style is gentle and elegant, fluent and handsome. Wu once thought that among the four bachelors, "Qin and Chao Shan discussed", there was a sentence "Chao Tan Jie Yu" (Volume 11 of Notes on Gaizhai). His narrative essays, such as "A Journey to the North of New Town" and "The Story of Gongcuitang", can all show the influence of Su Shi's prose, which is either lyrical on the spot, vivid in description or intertwined in narrative discussion.
There are more than 160 poems written by Chao, whose style is similar to Dongpo's. In addition to writing landscapes, chanting flowers, giving peace and mourning, he also wrote more about his relegated career and pastoral scenery, and less about rhetoric. Some articles, such as "Fishing", "Buying Ponds and Spinning Willow" and "Why is Wen Chun in a hurry", have generous words and brushwork like Youlong, which have been won by later generations. Some people think that it is also the original poem of Xin Qiji. There are some brave words in classical poetry, such as "the dust in the teeth is faint, and the green curtain is cold." ([Man Jianghong]), but without the broadmindedness of Su Ci, it tends to be sad and heavy.
The History of the Song Dynasty, Qi, contains one volume of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, twenty volumes of Xu Chu Ci, twenty volumes of Variations, one hundred volumes of Ji Li Collection and seventy volumes of Chao Bu Zhi. These collections were banned in the second year, and there were only 70 collections of chicken ribs, including 23 volumes of poems and 47 volumes of essays, which were compiled and published by my brother in Jianyang in the seventh year of Shaoxing. There are Chao Ben in Ming Dynasty, Huang Ben of Song Qingyuan in the 33rd year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, Shi Shou Ge by Gu Ningyuan in the 8th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty and four series. In addition, there are 160 songs, including six volumes of Chao Qin's Interesting Chapter in the Jin edition of Chicken Bone Pavilion, one volume of Ji Ci in the old banknote edition, one volume of Chao Bu Yue Fu in the old banknote edition, one volume of Chao Series published by Chao Shi Sun in the tenth year of Qing Daoguang, and Lin published by Hanfenlou.
life experience
Gao, assistant minister of punishments. Great-grandfather Jian, a doctor in the criminal department of Shangshu, knew Yuezhou and gave Shangshu a special gift in the official department. He was also a great granduncle, Zhao Jiong, and Song Zhenzong were appointed as a bachelor of Hanlin and a prince with little wealth. Jiongzi's reputation as an official and an expert in political affairs is heavy for a while. However, this prominent aristocratic family gradually declined. Chao Duanyou, the father of Bu, only served as a junior official such as Shangyu Order and Xincheng Order. As a teenager, Chao traveled with his father and once lived in Luoyang. In the first year of Zhiping (1084), at the age of twelve, he crossed the Cao 'e River from his father Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and swam to Shangyu to watch the sea. From then on, I began to travel all over Jiangnan, broadening my horizons.
In the winter of Xining four years (107 1), Su Shi was sentenced to Hangzhou, and Chao was waiting for his father, Hangzhou New Town, so he went to pay his respects for a long time. After listening to Su Shi's comments, I retired and wrote Seven Tales, describing the beauty of Qiantang mountains and rivers. Su Shi was amazed after reading it. "It is said that its cultural debate is wonderful and far away from people. It will be shown to the world, so it is well known. " (History of the Song Dynasty) This was the beginning of their engagement, which ran through their lives and had a far-reaching impact on Chao Department. In the eighth year of Xining, Chao Duanyou died of illness in Zhao Defang, the capital, and his official position was Zuo Lang. At that time, the family was poor and could not be buried, which was a lifelong regret. He was only twenty-three years old this year, that is, he returned to his hometown in Juye with his mother, worked hard and often sighed for food and clothing. This difficult time left a deep imprint on his heart.
It was not until the second year of Yuanfeng (1029) that he was promoted to Jinshi, transferred to the state secretariat to join the army, and became a professor in imperial academy, Beijing, that he entered a bumpy official career. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), Zhezong ascended the throne, the empress dowager came to power, and the old party won. Chao called to try the capital, except imperial academy. Soon, he was recommended by the ruling Li Qingchen, except for the secretary, Sheng Zhengzi. When Su Shi was an academician, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei and others all worked in the pavilion, and they had the most enjoyable time in their lives. However, although Chao lived in the capital, he was lonely by nature and never got rid of poverty. During his five years in Yuan You, he finally begged a foreign official because of the meager official position of the school bookkeeper, so that he could be sent to Yangzhou by the manager of the secret school. Two years later, he was recalled to North Korea, except for Secretary Shu Zuolang. In the period of political turmoil, philosophers are all pro-political. They take Zhang Yi as prime minister and enjoy it, advocating Shao Shu. When the new party revives, it will chase Yuan You to become prime minister. Chao met Jeju (now Jinan, Shandong Province) when Shao Shengyuan (1094).
In the future, Changyu enjoyed a historical disaster, and Chao revised the Record of Gods, which was inaccurate, so he was sentenced to Tianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in the second year of Shaosheng. Shortly after his relegation, Du, the younger brother of his father-in-law Du Chun, knew that he should be Tianfu and stay in Nanjing for business. In order to avoid suspicion, he switched to Bozhou (now Bo County, Anhui Province). The debate in court is still fierce. Born four years less (1097), the party is over, how can Yuan be ruled again? Chao, an old minister, was also in Zhongshu, and was demoted to the state (now Lishui, Zhejiang Province) salt and wine tax, so he hurried to the relegation office. Unexpectedly, on the way to Danyang, my mother, Mrs. Yang, was ill, so she carried the coffin home and mourned at home. Fu Yuanyuan (1098) moved to the east of Jinxiang (now Jinxiang County, Shandong Province) because he felt that Juli was humble and poor. The following year, in addition to summer clothes, the tax on salt and wine in Xinzhou (now Shangrao, Jiangxi) was changed. A year later, the political situation changed again. Due to the death of Zhezong, Hui Zong acceded to the throne, and Empress Dowager Cixi listened to politics and reused Yuan You and party member. Chao was pardoned and recalled to Beijing as Zuo Lang. In the first year of Guo Jing, Zhong Jian (111), he was awarded the editor-in-chief of Shangshu Libi Yuanwailang, Review of Zhejiang Zongzhi Museum and Zongshen National History. He declined politely many times and asked for an outside post, but he was not allowed, so he had to change the official department. In July, Su Shi's death made him extremely sad, and all sincere feelings were poured into the official document "Sacrificing Ming to Su".
However, the political situation is unpredictable. After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, she also described Ning and Yuan Feng, changing Yuan to worship Ning, and the restoration of party theory. Chao was told by an official that he knew about the house in the middle of the river (now Yongji, Shanxi), but only a few months after he took office, he changed the place he knew to Huzhou (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). However, great changes have taken place in the imperial court, and the old officials in the last years of Yuan You and Fu Yuan became very poor. So Qiu resigned, and the official department changed to Mizhou, and then changed? However, status is not allowed. In September, Prime Ministers Cai Jing, Sima Guang, Su Shi, etc. 120 people were accused of being traitors, including Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao. To make up for it is to govern the peaceful view of Goujiang Prefecture and return to the leisure place of Jinxiang's hometown. It is over 50 years old and has been deposed for 8 years. This stage is also the harvest period of his creation. His poems, words and essays are diverse, showing his life and complex and contradictory state of mind in many ways, and he has made great achievements. In the second year of Daguan (1 180), the political situation gradually eased, supplemented by the introduction of Chongfu Palace in Xijing and Hongqing Palace in Nanjing. In the fourth year of Daguan, I was transferred to the official department, so I was able to know Dazhou and seek to change Sizhou. He was the official residence of the Mid-Autumn Festival sick people and died at the age of 58.
Literary achievements
Chao has made great achievements in poetry, prose and ci. The summary of Ji Li Ji, Volume 154 of the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, said: "Today, the collection is magnificent in ancient prose, which is in harmony with Su's father and son. His poems are ambitious and striding forward, riding between Zhang and Qin, which is unknown." There is also a summary of 198 "Chivalrous Ci": "Its ci is beautiful and graceful, and can be accompanied by stones." Hu Zai specifically pointed out in Volume 51 of the Preface to Fishing in Tiaoxi: "I saw the chicken ribs, but Gu Yuefu was * * *, and the words were elegant and gratifying."
His prose is good at describing the mountain scenery, and his famous works include "Looking at the Wall and Tangji", "Palace Tang Cuiji" and "You Zhu Tangji". Among them, the trip to Beishan in Xincheng is the most popular: walk 30 miles to the north of Xincheng, the mountains are getting deeper and deeper, the vegetation and rocks are getting quiet, and you ride between your teeth for the first time. All sides are big and loose, the curved one is like a cover, the straight one is like a building, the upright one is like a person, and the lying one is like a squat. There are springs, falling rocks and clanging sounds among pine forests. Pine vines are dozens of feet long and curved like big cockroaches. There are birds on it, as black as silver carp, with long beaks. They peck them down and make a sound. A little west, a peak high, there is a way to lead, only one step. Punch the horse's mouth, help each other and lift each other. You can't see the sun, like four or five miles, but you can hear the cock crow. A monk's robe and cloth crept forward and talked to him, ignoring him like an elk. There are dozens of houses on the top, winding along the cliff, such as snails and rats. When sitting at the door, the mountain wind came, the bell rang in the hall, and the second and third sons were surprised. I don't know where I am. Chao Jia is good at inheriting Liu Zongyuan's tradition of writing landscape travel notes. His style is steep and clean, and his language is concise and simple. This article can be seen.
His poetic style is close to Leilai's, and he is good at Yuefu poetry. His Yuefu poems have a strong flavor of folk songs, such as "Bean Leaf Yellow": the bean leaf is yellow, the south village is not seen, and the north village is ten hectares strong. The owner is full of boxes, but the west family doesn't play. Bean leaf yellow, wild leaf septum, rat hole, rabbit entering the boundary. Mother-in-law followed the dolphin. Mother-in-law croaked the dolphin, and the title was heavy with a dustpan. The bean leaves are yellow and the grain is ripe. The decline of Weng Yi is congee. Bean leaves are yellow, and yellow leaves are not unique. White millet can be used as wine and crumpled with big Bordeaux. The bean leaves are yellow, and there is no protein in them. What will the big man do? The official tutor bent his bow and took a knife, asking you to kill the thief. This is a rural genre painting, which shows the hardships and heavy burdens of farmers' lives.
Another famous long tune by the author, Fang Yifen, tells the tragedy that Sun Mou, the sister of Li Yu, the late ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, married the Song State after entering the Song Dynasty, and was captured by the Song State and the Song Dynasty in the Song Liao War. It was named Fang Yi: "Qinhuai tide surges like a mountain, and the south of the northern part of the Saibei River is easy to cherish the soil" and "the country is ruined and its fate is like a cloud." The writing is sad and touching, and it was once circulated for a while. Chao's ci style can completely catch up with Su Shi. For example, Dong Xian Ge and Bu Lu Tong Ci are all modeled after Su Shi's Whispering, among which Tao Qian's Returning Home Ci. Dead Fish is recognized as his masterpiece: buying ponds and carrying willows, vaguely Huai 'an Xiangpu. The rain in Gaodongjia fish is getting heavier and heavier, and the egrets in Shazui gather into seagulls. It's a lovely place, and it's best to have moonlight flowing by the river at night. No one dances solo. Ren Cuige Zhang Tian, Rouyin borrowed the land, and the wine failed to go. The blue silk quilt does not remember the golden boudoir, and the Confucian crown once saw through the body. What's the point of riding a horse with a bow and knife? Wasted Shaoping sweet melon nursery. Try it, you are covered with blue mirrors and stars! Fame and fortune. It seems that he got Ban Chao and sealed Hou Wan Li, fearing that it would be too late.
This word first describes the beautiful scenery of returning to the garden, fully shows the pride and romantic interest, and sends poetry and wine; When I was young, I wasted my time for the courtiers in the pavilion, and then I used the old canon to sit on the throne of Confucianism, misleading others. It's not enough to rely on temporary prosperity. It's better to retire and dance. Prove all the relevant historical facts and his life, and you will understand that Chao's heart is really full of hard-to-resolve resentment, so he inspired the "fame", which is straightforward, hearty and famous for its broad tolerance, which is completely different from the traditional artistic norms. Therefore, the fourth volume of "Masculinity" says: "The word" no blame "is quite big. It is known that Xin Jiaxuan's "Fishing" and "Better Eliminating Several Storms" won the competition of later famous artists. Xin's original words are actually the waves of "touching fish" and "buying ponds and planting willows" In addition, such as [a bunch of flowers], "pushing an blameless birthday on the twelfth uncle's day is a kind of resignation in this voice, which is exactly the same as [fishing], except that some sentences are more sensational and outspoken, like a bone. This really runs counter to the implicit, quiet, elegant and unobtrusive popular style.
Of course, it is only in terms of its dominant tendency to say that Chao Bu is an uninhibited poet and learn from Su Shi. In fact, in all his ci chapters, about half of the works with traditional themes such as "Seeing the Spring" and "Nostalgia" are quite fresh, full of charm and tenderness, which conforms to the true nature of ci. For example, the word "Mei Jingqiong Blossoms" in his "go on road trip" begins with spring blossoms, but people cry alone, and there is an episode in the middle. The pause reveals the reason for "recalling that year and staying in Luomei": it's all old feelings! After filming, she turned to echo, and only wrote a subtle action that her lover left in the deepest impression, so her style was vivid.
The bright red cherry seems to be a basic thread, connecting this spring with last spring. The rhyme is still there, and the fragrance is still there. When people leave, there is no news. Parting at that time was really helpless, but who knows who can be humane! The whole word description is meticulous, the composition is meticulous and persistent. It has no big leap and swing, which shows its ability to control long tunes, thanks to many things of Liu Yong. Another example is "Partridge Sky", in which Shang Kun first hinted at the depression of living in a relegated place with the fantasy of "wanting to go to the lake", and then pointed out the original intention of "thinking back" to qi zhou scenery, indicating his good feelings. I feel that my youth is getting older, and I am afraid that I am not so excited at that time. Between the lines, the feelings of the scene are expressed by singing softly, revealing the lingering melancholy. Although light, memorable, all in the deep truth.