/kloc-at the age of 0/5, Xu Chongzhi embarked on the road of studying in southern Fujian. At this time, the teenager never imagined that after leaving his hometown for the first time, his life had undergone earth-shaking changes. An extremely ordinary dude went to Japan to study military affairs before he got rid of luxury and old customs. The sharp contrast between the old and the new made it impossible for him to completely distinguish the legacy of the nobility from the ideal of the revolutionaries, and it also doomed him. However, Xu Chongzhi, after all, is a soldier, an out-and-out soldier, and at some stage the smell of gunpowder almost overshadowed the smell of opium and copper. He usually has two guns, one is a pistol and the other is a pipe, but in his spiritual world, the first gun is still a guarantee of being alive. When he finally broke up with his gun, he knew that his power career had come to an end at the same time, and he could no longer the legendary swordsman with his perverse intelligence and ordinary courage.
1911110/0. In October, Xu Chongzhi participated in the Fuzhou Uprising and served as commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the Rebel Army. He led the troops to recover Fuzhou with a preemptive strategy. 19 12 1 October, after the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, he served as the 14th division commander of the Army and commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition Army in Fujian. Because the Qing emperor abdicated, he declared to retreat to Fujian. During the "Second Revolution", Xu was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief in Fujian and went into exile in Japan after his failure. In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), he joined the Revolutionary Party of China, served as Minister of Military Affairs and Commander of Fujian Province of China Revolutionary Army. 1965438+In May and September 2005, it was sent to Singapore twice to raise RMB funds, and achieved good results. 165438+1After returning to China in October, he served as the chief of staff of the Northeast Army of the Revolutionary Army and participated in the armed struggle against Yuan. After Yuan Shikai's death, the Northeast Army was incorporated by Feng Department in Nanjing. Xu returned to Shanghai as the military affairs minister of China Revolutionary Party, and became sworn brothers with Chiang Kai-shek. As the saying goes, before the age of 30, Xu Chongzhi established his important position in the revolutionary party with little failure experience and a stable military future. During this period, Sun Yat-sen did not form a powerful force, and his dependence on Xu Chongzhi made him a hero in Guangdong. At the same time, Xu Chongzhi's diehard loyalty to Sun Yat-sen also made his own early glory. However, the nature of soldiers did not bring much benefit to Xu Chongzhi's career. He knows that bullets can penetrate the enemy's heart. In turn, he can penetrate his own heart. This brave and fearless character has become the biggest stumbling block in troubled times. After numerous battles, Xu Chongzhi gradually changed from a staunch revolutionary to an opportunist who guided the occasion. It is this change that makes Xu Chongzhi rarely leave his name in the history of the national revolutionary war. Almost everyone who has studied modern history knows his name, but few people really know his experience. Xu Chongzhi was born in Guangdong and became famous in Guangdong. After all, Guangzhou winter came and he fell down.
Liao's assassination became the trigger for his release. The outside world's attention to Liao's assassination far exceeds the impact of this case on others. In fact, it is precisely because of this incident that Chiang Kai-shek got the opportunity to take power alone, and Xu Chongzhi fell into the quagmire of history and never recovered. Before that, Xu Chongzhi's position in Guangdong was supreme. Wang, Jiang and Xu have different opinions. 1On August 20th, 925, the Kuomintang Rightists assassinated Liao, member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee and Minister of Finance of the National Government. The Kuomintang Central Executive Committee appointed Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek to organize a special committee to control the situation and handle the Liao case. This shows that Xu's strength is hard to ignore by any faction. After Liao's case, Chiang Kai-shek sent a personal letter saying: "The Guangdong army has changed. Please ask the commander-in-chief to go to Shanghai for a period of time, and I will arrange the rectification on his behalf. After half a year, please come back and preside over the Northern Expedition. " Xu was helpless and quietly left Guangdong for Shanghai. This move marks the permanent separation of Xu Chongzhi and Guangdong, and also marks that his military career has been marked with a helpless ellipsis.
After all, spring is the season of resurrection and rebirth. However, not all species can reproduce indefinitely, and resurrection and a flash in the pan may be just a thin line. Xu Chongzhi didn't leave too many footprints in this period of history, and all the impressions about him are still vague for Guangzhou people. Even scholars who study modern history, because no one will dabble too much in their own historical career. In the dictionary of China soldiers, the word "loyalty" is always the heaviest. Of course, this kind of "loyalty" can be loyalty to oneself, loyalty to the country, and loyalty to a soul figure. Throughout Xu Chongzhi's military career, one of the most positive comments is that he was loyal to Sun Yat-sen from beginning to end, even suspected of being foolish. The experience of studying in Japan brought Xu Chongzhi into contact with a series of Kuomintang people, mainly Sun Yat-sen, and gave up his determination to crawl slowly in the traditional bureaucratic structure and not sink into the old system. Xu Chongzhi twice forced Taoist Sun to take part in the revolution and opposed the monarchy. One was to recover Fuzhou in response to the Wuchang Uprising, and the other was to urge Sun Daoren to declare independence and join the camp of the second revolution. These two incidents showed Xu Chongzhi's resolute anti-imperialist consciousness, and his rebellious personality was obvious, even exceeding the break with the old customs. Such "loyalty" and "rebellion" can show Xu Chongzhi's dual character, which also contributed to his success and downfall.
Xu Chongzhi is loyal to Sun Yat-sen, on the one hand, because Sun Yat-sen's political opinions conform to the trend of the times, and on the other hand, because Sun Yat-sen's personal charm can really make people fall for it. Until the death of Sun Yat-sen, Xu Chongzhi did not get rid of the identity of a loyal follower, or a role. This loyalty has won him many good reputations. Although many of his achievements were not satisfactory, even after his defeat, he was regarded as a hero-"Few people are qualified to be generals, only Xu Chongzhi of the Northern Expeditionary Army" (Deng Zeru's words). At that time, the Guangdong Army led by Xu Chongzhi became the only solid military force that Sun Yat-sen's regime could rely on. Correspondingly, Sun Yat-sen also relied heavily on Xu Chongzhi's talents in the military. Since the establishment of the Guangdong Army, Sun Yat-sen has always regarded Xu Chongzhi as his right-hand man and the Guangdong Army as the main force. When Chen Jiongming defected, Xu Chongzhi was even Sun Yat-sen's only hope of being trapped on the Yongfeng ship. Unfortunately, Xu Chongzhi didn't take this opportunity to win the trust of Sun Yat-sen completely. After successive defeats, Sun Yat-sen had to leave Guangzhou for Shanghai in despair, and Xu Chongzhi's reputation plummeted. Apart from Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek is the most influential figure in Xu Chongzhi. Xu and Chiang Kai-shek had five * * * incidents. Chiang Kai-shek has been his chief of staff since Xu Chongzhi became the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army. In the Republic of China 13, Sun Yat-sen invited Xu Chongzhi, who was in Shanghai at that time, to return to Guangdong as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army. Xu put forward five requirements: first, he expressed his willingness to take office and asked the Guangdong army to make unified arrangements; The second is to let Chiang Kai-shek be the chief of staff of the General Command; Third, it is required that all the finances of the Guangdong Army stationed in various places be handed over to the unified management of the Guangdong Army; The fourth is to ask Hu Zhantang to be the governor of Guangdong; Fifth, Guangdong Arsenal is required to be under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Army Command. Thus, the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Kai-shek is extraordinary, and Xu also relies heavily on Chiang Kai-shek. In fact, as early as 19 15, Xu and Jiang He became sworn brothers, and their relationship has been good.
Chiang Kai-shek was clever and diligent, and contributed a lot to Xu Chongzhi. Xu Chongzhi, who is good at fighting, also saw Chiang Kai-shek's extraordinary ability. He often said to his subordinates that Chiang's orders are my orders, and I hope that the soldiers of the Guangdong army will not exclude him.
However, Chiang Kai-shek was not blindly loyal to Xu Chongzhi. The biggest difference between him and Xu Chongzhi is that the former has great political ambitions, while the latter is just a pure soldier. Jiang mentioned a sentence in a personal letter: "Do things in disorder, and pay attention to the inside rather than the outside." Under the guidance of this consciousness, Jiang replaced Xu with a plan that was doomed to failure. Of course, Xu Chongzhi is also a smart man. When he saw that Jiang's strength had surpassed his own, he gave up his military strength actively or passively. Because Xu's men were seriously suspected in the Liao case, they resigned from the National Government to avoid suspicion. You know, at that time, Xu Chongzhi's strength in Guangzhou was not under Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek. The reason for avoiding suspicion is the general trend, and he changed his life with power.
In fact, Xu Chongzhi has a precedent of avoiding suspicion. As early as Sun Daoren's time in southern Fujian, Xu Chongzhi vigorously mobilized the initiative of the Lord. Sun Daoren was forced to make revolution twice, and he had long wanted to get rid of it. Xu Chongzhi realized this and didn't try to seize the relieving. Instead, he went to Shanghai, far away from that troublesome place. Xu Chongzhi took the lead in fighting, and never showed a belligerent and aggressive rough character. Enter if you can win the battle, and withdraw if you can't win. This character made Xu Chongzhi's life free from any threat in years of war. As the saying goes, "Green hills are not afraid of burning without firewood", which is Xu Chongzhi's golden mean.
In his later years, Xu Chongzhi also had the style of avoiding the world. After gaining political power, Chiang Kai-shek arranged for him to be the vice president of the Supervisory Yuan, but Xu Chongzhi never arrived. Xu Chongzhi, who is not good at dealing with bureaucratic relations, knows his situation very well. Without guns, there is no real power. Losing a soldier's weapon is equivalent to losing an eagle's wings and being unable to continue soaring. Xu Chongzhi retired from the political arena prematurely before he reached middle age, but everyone around him took advantage of the troubled times to get ahead, but he chose to spend the rest of his life in Hong Kong. The commander-in-chief of the Guangdong Army is a very important official title, which is not something that ordinary people can get at will. From a historical point of view, Xu Chongzhi is indeed qualified to play this role. Although the experience of studying in Japan was greatly helped by the Xu family's old forces, Xu Chongzhi didn't waste the arduous journey across the ocean. The knowledge learned from the NCO school made Xu's troops win many battles, especially when dealing with traditional warlords and the declining Qing army. In the end, the advanced military theory surpassed the traditional method of running the army.
In the battles that Xu Chongzhi takes part in, there are usually not too many casualties. Before a fierce battle between the two sides, Xu Chongzhi usually makes preparations in advance, such as laying an inside line among the enemy, or laying an array in favorable terrain in advance. These cleverness can often make his army end the battle in a very short time, and even win the battle without bloodshed. At that time, Xu Chongzhi was even known as "resourceful", and the advantage of military detail mobilization was that it had the characteristics of "quick attack and quick fight". When Chen Jiongming was cleared, it took Xu Chongzhi and his troops only two days to reach Haifeng, the base camp of Chen Zhi, from Sanduozhu. Because some soldiers on the second road were aggressive, they quickly walked out of Chen Jiongming. Unexpectedly, Chen was captured by Xu before he could transfer a large number of treasures and treasures in Haifeng's general office. Sun Yat-sen once wrote a poem to Xu Chongzhi, saying, "Things in the world are often unsatisfactory, but as long as you are patient and don't avoid troubles, you may always succeed." It means warning Xu Chongzhi not to rush for success, because times are unfavorable. Xu Chongzhi has not been in charge of the army for a long time, but in a limited space, his methods of running the army have undergone great changes. In the early stage, Xu Chongzhi's strict and cautious thought was particularly prominent because of his experience in Japan, while in the later stage, Xu Chongzhi was criticized for the erosion of military style. His subordinates, like the armies of other warlords, dealt with opium and women all day, and he himself was once addicted to this extravagant life.
Some people commented that Xu Chongzhi was "a military veteran, but he was corrupt all his life, shorter than strategy and unable to take the overall situation". Now it seems that Xu may not be "shorter than strategy", but a corrupt life. It is also said that the new lifestyle is a shortcut to make subordinates work harder, even Jiang, who made great efforts at that time.
Actors such as Zhao Wenxuan and Pan Hong perfectly interpreted the rise and fall of Xu's family and Xu Chongzhi's military life in the TV series Dream of the Millennium.