Geographically, it includes Lanzhou and Hexi counties in Gansu Province: Wuwei (formerly known as Liangzhou), Zhangye (Ganzhou), Jiuquan (Suzhou), Dunhuang (Shazhou) and Anxi (Guazhou). Ethnic groups are Han, Mongolian, Yugur and Tibetan. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened Hexi Corridor, "Liesi County", namely Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang, has been an important channel connecting the mainland with Xinjiang, a part of the ancient "Silk Road" and an important international channel for political, economic and cultural exchanges between ancient China and the western world. The climate is dry and rainy, belonging to temperate desert climate, but the snow water in Qilian Mountain can be used for oasis agriculture in summer.
Long and narrow plateau in the northwest of Gansu Province, China. It connects Qilian Mountain in the north, Heli Mountain in the south and Wushaoling in the west. It is named because it is located in the west of the Yellow River and sandwiched between two mountains. Because it is in Gansu, it is also called Gansu Corridor. It is about 1 1,000 kilometers long from east to west, tens of kilometers wide from north to south, and about 1 1,500 meters above sea level. Most of them are sloping plains in front of the mountain. The corridor is divided into Yumen, Guazhou and Dunhuang Plain, which belong to Shule River system. Zhangye, Gao Tai and Jiuquan Plain, most of them belong to Heihe River system, and a small part belongs to Peking University River system; Wuwei and Minqin Plain belong to Shiyang River system.
In the whole corridor area, oasis agriculture irrigated by melt water in Qilian Mountain is very rich. Corridor has been the main road to communicate with the western regions since ancient times, and the "Silk Road" in the north has also passed through here. Jiayuguan, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Yangguan are all located in the west of the corridor, and the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway also passes through here.
Located between Qilian Mountain and Beishan Mountain in the northwest of Gansu Province, it is also called Gansu Corridor. The east-west length is about 1200 km, and the north-south width is about 100~200 km. Because it is located to the west of the Yellow River, it is called "Hexi Corridor".
Hexi Corridor starts from Wushaoling in the east and reaches Yumenguan in the west, with a length of about 1 1,000 km from east to west. The main cities are Wuwei, Zhangye, Dunhuang and other historical and cultural cities. It has been an important traffic artery in northwest China since ancient times. The "Silk Road" in the Han and Tang Dynasties led to Central Asia and West Asia, which was a golden passage in the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West. This is not only an ancient battlefield in the past, but also a famous granary in Gansu.
Hexi Corridor, also known as Gansu Corridor, is located in the Qilian Mountains at an altitude of four or five kilometers in the south. It is composed of a series of mountains and valleys running northwest, which is wide in the west and narrow in the east, and is the widest from Qaidam Basin to Jiuquan, about 300 kilometers. The peaks of Qilian Mountain are all above 4000 meters above sea level, and the highest peak, Unity 1 elevation of Shule Nanshan, is 6305 meters, which is basically close to the height of most peaks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The north and south sides of Qilian Mountain descend from high mountains to plain with obvious ups and downs. The relative height between the northern slope and Hexi Corridor is over 2000 meters, while the relative height between the southern slope and Qaidam Basin is only over 1000 meters. There are abundant permanent snow and prehistoric glaciers on the mountains above 4500 meters in Qilian Mountain, which melt in specific seasons every year, providing a steady stream of living water for a large number of oases and cultivated land in this area.
Longshou Mountain-Heli Mountain-Mazong Mountain (Beishan) is on the north side. Most peaks are between 2000 and 2500 meters above sea level, and some peaks are as high as 3600 meters. The mountainous terrain here fluctuates and tends to be flat gradually, which can be considered as a plain. Hexi Corridor is a long and narrow flat land between Qilian Mountain and Mazong Mountain (North Mountain). It is named because it is located to the west of the Yellow River.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, Hexi Corridor was a nomadic place for Huns. Zhang Qian, the envoy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who made great contributions to the Western Regions, made his first trip to the west in BC 139, where he was stopped by Xiongnu, put under house arrest for ten years, and married and had children. His ambition never stopped, and he finally fled to the west and completed his mission. However, on his way back to the Central Plains, he was stopped by Xiongnu in this area. After more than a year, he returned to Chang 'an. It can be seen that the western regions must pass through the Hexi Corridor.
In BC 1 19, Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions for the second time, and the trip went smoothly. Because BC 12 1 year, a title of generals in ancient times Huo Qubing hit the Hexi Corridor twice, driving the Huns out, and his throat was unobstructed.
Hexi Corridor has been the throat of China from east to west for generations. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, it has become a part of the Silk Road. /kloc-gradually declined after 0/5th century. At present, it is also the main road connecting East China and Xinjiang, and it is an important frontier in the northwest region.
The ancient Silk Road passed through here, and Zhang Qian did not detour to the Western Regions, and did not pass through the Hexi Corridor controlled by the Xiongnu at that time, because of its special geographical position.
Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote: "The bright moon hangs high in the sky, with vast smoke waves and boundless clouds; Thousands of miles to the wind, blowing Yumenguan battlements. " Among them, "Tianshan Mountain" refers to Qilian Mountain. Hexi Corridor is located at the foot of Qilian Mountain, and its rise and fall depends entirely on the snow and water in Qilian Mountain. Qilian Mountain is located between the first and second steps of China's topography, on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters. At such a high altitude, Zhang Qian had to detour south. Why did it have to climb it after a narrow escape? Under the circumstances at that time, this was unrealistic.
Hexi Corridor belongs to the marginal depression zone of Qilian Mountain geosyncline. During the Himalayan movement, Qilian Mountain rose greatly, and the corridor received a lot of alluvial and alluvial materials since Cenozoic. From south to north, the slope belt at the northern foot of Nanshan, alluvial belt, alluvial belt and the slope belt at the southern foot of Beishan appear in turn. The corridor is flat, with an altitude of about 1500m. The alluvial plain along the river forms large oases such as Wuwei, Zhangye and Jiuquan. Wind erosion and dry erosion dominate the rest of the vast areas, and Gobi and desert are widely distributed, especially in the Gobi area west of Jiayuguan, where the oasis area is even smaller.
Around the mountainous area of Hexi Corridor, the materials transported by mountain rivers are piled up in front of the mountain, forming adjacent sloping plains in front of the mountain. There are also alluvial plains in the lower reaches of larger rivers. These areas, with flat terrain, fertile soil, good irrigation conditions and easy development and utilization, are the main distribution areas of oasis in Hexi Corridor.
Hexi Corridor has a dry climate, and the annual precipitation in many places is less than 200mm. However, Qilian Mountain is rich in ice, snow and meltwater, and irrigation agriculture is developed.
The irrigated agricultural area in Hexi Corridor has a long history, which is one of the important agricultural areas in Gansu Province and also a famous irrigated agricultural area in the northwest inland of China. It is the most important commodity grain base and concentrated production area of cash crops in northwest China. It provides more than 2/3 of the province's commercial grain, almost all cotton, 9/ 10 sugar beet, more than 2/5 of oil, beer barley, fruits and vegetables. The flat oasis area mainly grows spring wheat, barley, millet, millet, corn and a small amount of rice, sorghum and potatoes. Oil crops are mainly flax. Melons include watermelon, young melon and white melon, and fruit trees are mainly jujube, pear and apple. The piedmont area is dominated by summer miscellaneous grains, mainly planting highland barley, rye, broad bean, pea, potato and rape. Hexi has developed animal husbandry, such as Shandan Maying Beach, which has been a famous military horse farm since ancient times.
Ethnic groups are Han, Mongolian, Tibetan, Yugur, Kazak, Hui and Manchu. Mainly Han nationality, mainly engaged in agriculture in oasis areas. Tibetans, Yugurs, Kazakhs and Mongolians are engaged in animal husbandry.
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which was founded in the second year of Qin Jianyuan, is a world-famous treasure house of Buddhist art and a wonderful flower with a history of 1600 years. Up to now, there are still 492 well-preserved caves, including more than 45,000 square meters of historical murals, more than 2,400 colored sculptures and five wooden structures in Tang and Song Dynasties. The art of Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art integrating architecture, painted sculptures and murals. It is the largest and most complete treasure house of Buddhist art in China and even in the world.
Yulin Grottoes, commonly known as "Ten Thousand Buddha Gorge", are the sister grottoes of Mogao Grottoes. Yulin Grottoes have 4 1 grottoes, with 5650 murals and 272 colored sculptures preserved at the same time as Mogao Grottoes. Among them, Cave 25 in the Middle Tang Dynasty is its essence and is famous for its rare ivory Buddha statue.
A mirage is another wonder of Dunhuang. In sunny and hot summer, mysterious mirage can often be seen on the Gobi Desert in Dunhuang. Especially on both sides of Dunhuang-Yangguan and Yumenguan Highway, you can see surging sea water, tall mountains and rivers, neat buildings and patchwork cities. These scenes are looming and spectacular.
Dunhuang ancient city, also known as "Dunhuang Film and Television City, imitating Shazhou City in Song Dynasty". Covering area 1.2 1 10,000 square meters. It is the cultural landscape and film shooting base of Dunhuang co-produced by China and Japan, modeled after Shazhou Ancient City and Qingming Riverside Map.
The three dangerous saints are famous for their divinity, wonder, spirit and preciseness, and the "Oriental Dangerous Peak" is one of the "Eight Great Scenes" in Dunhuang. The main peak of Sanwei Mountain faces the Mogao Grottoes across the river (Complete Collection). According to legend, the Queen Mother of the West, Guanyin Bodhisattva and Taishang Laojun once visited this mountain. At present, the ancient buildings "Wang Mu Palace", "Guanyin Well" and "Laojuntang" are still well preserved. Especially more than 65,438+0,600 years ago, musicians and monks traveled in this mountain. As the sun sets, the golden bodies of thousands of buddhas appear in the golden light, and the first cave of Mogao Grottoes is excavated.
West Thousand Buddha Cave] The West Thousand Buddha Cave is named because it is located in the west of Mogao Grottoes. Existing grottoes 17, the same age as Mogao grottoes. The structure, painted sculptures and frescoes of the grottoes are similar to those of the Mogao Grottoes. It occupies an important position in the splendid Dunhuang art.
Yangguan National Desert Forest Park is located in the west of Yangguan site 10 km, and consists of grape gallery, grape ornamental garden and desert botanical garden. Total area 16.65 km2. It is an ideal place for leisure and entertainment. Crescent Spring is surrounded by Mingsha Mountain, so it is named because the water surface resembles a crescent moon. The crescent spring is surrounded by sand and is not buried. It has not dried up for thousands of years, which is a natural miracle.
Yumenguan Ya Dan Ghost Town is 90 kilometers west of Yumenguan. There is a typical landform community in Ya Dan, which is about 25km long from east to west and1-2km wide from north to south. When the wind blows, the ghost sounds dense, and people often call it a ghost town. Its whole is like a medieval city. This special "castle" has walls, streets, buildings, squares, churches and sculptures, and its vivid image attracts the attention of the world. These masterpieces of nature are wonderful.
[Anxi Qiaowan City is located 85 kilometers east of Anxi County. There are "Kangxi Night Dream Bridge Bay City", the beacon tower of the Great Wall in Han Dynasty, the winding path of Shule River, the landform of Ya Dan, the lonely smoke in the desert and other human and natural landscapes; Ivory statues, human skin drums, copying of Xixia murals in East Thousand Buddha Cave, plant specimen exhibition hall in extremely arid desert nature reserve and other service facilities.