Lianwu, also known as Peach Blossom, is a tropical perennial evergreen arbor fruit tree of Peach Blossom in Myrtaceae. At present, it is cultivated in a large area in Taiwan Province Province, China, and also in a small amount in coastal subtropical areas such as Guangdong and Fujian. Lotus tree has beautiful posture, long flowering period, beautiful flower shape and fragrance; The fruit hanging period is long, the fruit is flat like a lotus platform and hung like a bell, with bright color and beautiful fruit shape. The flesh is spongy and delicious. Mature fruit contains 6.6% sugar, 0.5% protein, 0.24% fat, 0.2% crude fiber and 0.3% ash. Fruit can be eaten fresh or processed. Lotus mist is a good fruit to relieve summer heat. There is a saying in Taiwan Province Province that "eating lotus mist can clear pneumonia". In the spring of 2004, Ji Fa Agricultural Sightseeing Park in Beidaihe purchased lotus root seedlings from Taiwan Province and Guangdong, and planted them in a multi-span greenhouse, which yielded high yield every year and was successful. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.

1 planting time

March-April in spring and September-65438+1October in autumn are suitable for planting lotus, but not for transplanting budding lotus. The initial density can be controlled at 2.0 ~ 2.5m× 2.5 ~ 3.0m, and100 ~10 plants should be planted every 667m2 (mu); After 3 years (years), thinning will be gradually carried out until the plant spacing is 4 ~ 5m× 2.5 ~ 3.0m, and finally about 50 plants will be kept every 667m2 (mu).

2 environmental laws and regulations

During the growth and fruiting period of lotus, it is generally appropriate to keep the temperature at 25℃ ~ 30℃ during the day and 18℃ ~ 22℃ at night. The lowest temperature in the shed should be kept above 10℃ in winter. The temperature in the shed should not be too high during flower bud differentiation and flowering, and it is suitable to be 26℃ ~ 28℃. Lotus likes humid climate, so it should be humidified by spraying water in high temperature and dry season in summer and autumn, and the relative humidity of the air should be kept between 65% and 80%, so as to avoid the influence of too dry or too wet air on flowering and fruiting.

3 Water and fertilizer management

Lotus root system distribution is shallow, like wet, afraid of drought. In the stage of growth and fruiting, it is necessary to maintain a certain soil water content and water it frequently. Water should be properly controlled when the fruit is ripe. The temperature in winter and spring is low, the air humidity in the greenhouse is high, and the evaporation of plants is small. Water should be controlled to keep the soil moist.

Lotus mist needs a lot of fertilizer because of its fast growth rate and large annual growth. Before cultivation, 20-30 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer (pig manure fertilizer) and 0.5- 1.0 kg of calcium superphosphate should be applied to each plant ... The planting pit should be dug according to the size of lotus root seedlings, with a depth of at least 60 cm and a diameter of 80 cm. Two-thirds of the fertilizer should be buried to make the bottom layer, and 1/3 of the fertilizer should be fully mixed with the topsoil as the covering material for planting. The newly planted trees are based on the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application because of their underdeveloped roots and weak absorption capacity. Topdressing began 2 months after field planting, and 0. 1 ~ 0.2 kg compound fertilizer and 5 ~ 10 kg decomposed human and animal manure 1 time were applied to each plant for 2 ~ 3 months. Top dressing should be mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, with 0. 15 ~ 0.2 ~ 0.3 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 0.2 ~ 0.3 kg of potassium fertilizer and 0. 0 ~15 kg of decomposed livestock manure per plant, depending on the size of the tree. In addition, topdressing 1 time every 15 ~ 20 days in the growing season, spraying 0. 1% ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0. 15% urea, and adding 0. 1% at the flowering and fruiting stage.

4. Pruning of lotus trees

Lianwu is a tall evergreen tree. In order to shape dwarf trees in protected cultivation, dwarf canopy is cultivated mainly by pruning and shaping, and the height is controlled within the scope permitted by greenhouse conditions. After the young trees are planted, the trunk 40 ~ 60 cm away from the ground is cut off, and 3 ~ 4 evenly distributed, thick and angular branches on the trunk are selected as the main branches. The vertical branches are fixed by diagonal pulling, the excessively long branches are cut off, and a short round umbrella crown with evenly distributed branches and leaves is formed through the cultivation of multi-level lateral branches.

Spring pruning time is from February to March. For branches that are too high, the top advantage is too strong, and some long branches should be thinned appropriately. Summer pruning time is from July to September. The overgrowth of branches should be controlled after flowering. If there is space, it can be leveled, and if there is no space, it can be thinned. Branchlets, dead branches, weak branches and dense branches should also be cut off. Winter pruning will be carried out in June 5438+065438+ 10. It is necessary to control the growth of all new shoots, wipe buds or cut off new shoots at any time, reduce nutrient consumption, enhance the ability of trees to resist low temperature and weak light, and overwinter safely.

5 flowering management

Lotus flowers bloom a lot, and the fruit setting rate is also high, so it is necessary to sparse flowers. The reserved positions of ears should be evenly distributed, and about 10 flowers can be left on each ear. After fruit setting, abnormal fruits should be thinned out, leaving 4 ~ 6 normal fruits per ear. During the flowering and fruiting period, the new shoots should be properly controlled, and the buds should be wiped and pitted at any time to avoid the competition for nutrients between the growth of new shoots and flowering and fruiting. At the mature stage of fruit development, the soil should not accumulate water or be too dry to avoid fruit dropping.

6 harvest

The fruit of lotus is mainly used for fresh food, and it must be harvested when the fruit is fully mature, the peel shows the inherent color of the variety and the navel is unfolded. Lotus seed skin is extremely thin and easy to break. Gloves should be worn when harvesting, and the harvesting container should be isolated with smooth or padded soft materials. Small transparent packaging boxes should be used for packaging and sales, each box contains 12 ~ 24 fruits, and every 4 ~ 6 boxes contain a large box for delivery and sales.

7 pest control

The main diseases in lotus production areas are anthracnose, fruit rot, algae spot and epidemic disease. Generally, 50% carbendazim 800 times solution and 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 ~ 1000 times solution are used for control. In protected cultivation in the north, the introduction of fruit seedlings should be strictly controlled to avoid germs from bringing people. Before planting, it can be soaked and disinfected with chemicals.

The main pests in the producing area are fruit flies, thrips, psyllids and red spiders. In the northern protected cultivation, pest-free seedlings can be well controlled, and branches can be properly thinned during the cultivation process to make the crown ventilated and transparent and reduce the occurrence of pests. Pesticides can be 2000 times of imidacloprid, 2000 ~ 3000 times of abamectin and 3000 times of pyridaben.